Transcript
Page 1: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Population Management

Page 2: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Florida Panther

Page 3: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Florida Panther Distribution

Page 4: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Panther Road Sign and Underpass

Page 5: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Panther Road Sign and Underpass

Page 6: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Wildlife Overpass Banff NP, Canada

Page 7: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Wildlife Overpass Catalonia, Spain

Page 8: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Wildlife Overpass Netherlands

Page 9: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Red Crab Crossing - Australia

Page 10: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Grate at Entrance to Bat Cave

Page 11: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Population management

• Limiting risks to populations

Page 12: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Feral Cat - Galapagos

Page 13: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Feral Cat Trapping

Page 14: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Piping Plover

Page 15: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Piping Plover Breeding Range

Page 16: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Moonstone Beach, RI

Page 17: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Piping Plover Protection

Page 18: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution
Page 19: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Feral pig in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park

Page 20: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Pig fence – Hawaii Volcanoes National Park

Page 21: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Robbin’s Cinquefoil

Page 22: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Robbin’s Cinquefoil Habitat - White Mountains, New Hampshire

Page 23: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Robbin’s Cinquefoil Protection

Page 24: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Black Locust

Page 25: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Managing vs. Manipulating Populations

• Managing populations - controlling the environment (biological and physical) around the population and trying to ensure that the population has what it needs to survive in that environment 

• Manipulating a population is a more direct intervention - usually manipulating a population indicates a high level of human-population contact, often with humans directly handling the individuals in the population

Page 26: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Saving Species

“In terms of saving species, there are no hopeless cases, there are only difficult cases and people without hope.”

- Michael Soule

Page 27: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

New Zealand

Page 28: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Giant Weta

Page 29: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Giant Weta And Biologist

Page 30: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Kiwi

Page 31: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Kiwi and egg

Page 32: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution
Page 33: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Kakapo

Page 34: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Kakapo and Biologist

Page 35: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Takahe

Page 36: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Takahe and chick

Page 37: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Desert Bighorn Sheep

Page 38: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Whitetail Deer

Page 39: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Wild Turkey

Page 40: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Wood Duck

Page 41: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

When reintroducing animals, we have learned that:

1. larger founder populations are more successful

2. habitat suitability is important

3. increased number and sizes of clutches (litters) enhances success of establishment

4. herbivores are more successfully established than carnivores

5. competing species in an area may prevent successful establishment

Page 42: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Reintroductions more successful when:

• organisms must be translocated into undegraded habitat;

• substantial numbers of individuals must be reintroduced - often many of them over a long period of time;

• careful husbandry of the species may be required - providing food, water or controlling species which may have a negative effect on the species

Page 43: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Przewalski’s Horse or Takh

Page 44: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Przewalski’s Horse or Takh

Page 45: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Przewalski’s horse reserves – Mongolia and Uzbekistan

Page 46: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Restoration of desert streams and fish populations

Before After

Page 47: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution
Page 48: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution
Page 49: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

1996 – Montana Wolf Reintroduction Protest

Page 50: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Yellowstone Wolf Pack Locations

Page 51: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Yellowstone Wolf Pack Locations

Page 52: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Yellowstone Wolf Pack Locations

Page 53: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Yellowstone Wolf

Page 54: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Yellowstone Wolf Prey

Page 55: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Idaho Wolf Release - 1996

Page 56: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Current Wolf Distribution – ID, WY, MT

Page 57: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Wolf Population Growth

Page 58: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Desert Tortoise

Page 59: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Desert Tortoise Habitat

Page 60: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Pacific Salmon Species

Page 61: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution
Page 62: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution
Page 63: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Peregrine Falcon – British subspecies - peregrinus

Page 64: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Peregrine Falcon – Alaskan coastal subspecies - pealei

Page 65: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Peregrine Falcon Range Map

Page 66: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Ecosystem Management And Preservation

Page 67: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Ecosystem Preservation – Boreal Forests, etc.

Page 68: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Semi-Natural Ecosystems

• Ecosystems that have been modified by some human activities such as logging, fishing and grazing but which are still dominated by native species

Page 69: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Early Conservation Efforts

• 3000 YA – Ikhnaton sets aside land for game preserve

• Asoka – 272-232 BCE declared some animals can’t be killed, forests not burned

Page 70: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Modern National Parks – Yellowstone N.P. - 1872

Page 71: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution
Page 72: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Hayden survey of Yellowstone – 1870

Page 73: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Yellowstone National Park – Army Bike Patrol

Page 74: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Reserves

• Reserves – any natural or semi-natural ecosystem that is protected from most forms of human use - however, we must remember that reserves go by several different names - national parks, refuges, national monuments, national wilderness areas, preserves and more

Page 75: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Reserve Selection

Reserves are developed by a variety of mechanisms:

1. Government action – usually at a national level, but may happen at regional or local level as well

2. Land purchases by private individuals and conservation organizations (such as The Nature Conservancy)

3. Actions of indigenous peoples and traditional societies

4. Development of biological field stations – usually combine biodiversity protection and research with education

Page 76: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Grand Canyon

Page 77: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Arctic National Wildlife Refuge

Page 78: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Houston Toad

Page 79: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution
Page 80: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Creating Preserves

Creating new reserves requires the following steps:

1. Identifying priorities for conservation

2. Determining those areas of each country that should be protected to meet conservation priorities

3. Linking new protected areas to existing conservation networks, using techniques such as gap analysis

Page 81: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Setting Priorities

1. Distinctiveness (or irrereplaceability) – an ecosystem that consists of primarily rare or endemic species or that has other unusual attributes (scenic value, geological features) is given highest priority

2. Endangerment (or vulnerability) – species in danger of extinction are of greater concern than those that are not

3. Utility – species that have present or potential value to people are given more conservation priority than species of no obvious use to people

Page 82: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Distinctive Ecosystem – Peat Bogs

Page 83: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Rarity – European Bison

Page 84: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Utility – wild apple Kazakhstan

Page 85: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Determining which areas should be protected

1. The Species Approach – focus on focal species (indicators, flagship or umbrella species)

2. The Ecosystem approach – save enough representatives of each ecosystem (at least 10%) can save most biodiversity

3. The Hotspot Approach – save areas that have high numbers of species – especially rare or endemic species

Page 86: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Indicator species – Freshwater mussels

Page 87: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Ecosystem Classification

Page 88: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Ponderosa Pine Forest

Page 89: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Hotspots

Hot spots or centers of diversity – are areas with high levels of species diversity and usually also high levels of endemism – thus become key areas to preserve – at least 34 global hotspots have been identified

Page 90: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution
Page 91: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution
Page 92: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Continental U.S. Biodiversity Hotspots

Page 93: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution
Page 94: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Protected Areas in the U.S.

Page 95: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Hotspots and Protected Areas in the U.S.

Page 96: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Hotspots on Mt. Mulanje, Malawi

Page 97: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Habitat Occupied and Reserves for Hawaiian Finches

Page 98: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Rare and Endangered Species in the US

• Andy Dobson examined the distributions of 900 rare and endangered species in the US and found:

• 0.8 to 3.3 percent of the land in the lower 48 states provides habitat for just over 50% of the rare and endangered species

• At risk reptiles and amphibians occupy 0.68% of US land; endangered fish take up the most space - 3.33 %

• San Diego County, California is a hot spot for endangered fish, mammals and plants

• Santa Cruz County, California is a hot spot for endangered arthropods, reptiles, amphibians, and plants

• 4 counties in Hawaii are hot spots for endangered birds and plants

Page 99: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Gap Analysis

1. Data are compiled on the species, ecosystems and physical features of the region – sometimes referred to as conservation units or ecoregions

2. Conservation goals are identified, such as amount of area to be protected for each ecosystem

3. Existing conservation areas are reviewed to determine what is protected already and what is not (identifying the gaps)

4. Additional areas are identified to help meet the conservation goals (filling the gaps)

5. Additional areas are acquired for conservation and a management plan is developed and implemented

6. The new protected areas are monitored and management plans adjusted

Page 100: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Idaho Ecoregions – birth of GAP analysis

Page 101: Population Management. Florida Panther Florida Panther Distribution

Idaho – Western Juniper Shrubland


Recommended