Reflection of LightReflection and Refraction of LightRefraction of Light

Definitions• Incident wave-_____________________________________.• _______________wave that is bounced away from the surface.• Refracted-_________________________________________.• ________ ___________ __________-an optical phenomenon that

occurs when a ray of light strikes a medium boundary at an angle larger than a particular critical angle with respect to the normal to the surface.

• ________ ________-the angle of incidence above which total internal reflection occurs.

• ____________- to a flat surface is a vector that is perpendicular to that surface. To a non-flat surface at a point P on the surface is a vector perpendicular to the tangent plane to that surface at P.

Reflection

• The production of an ________ by or as if by a ________.

• Something, such as ______, _______ _____, ______, or an _______, that is reflected.

• The change in ________ of a wave, such as a light or sound wave, away from a boundary the wave encounters. Reflected waves ______ in their original medium rather than _______ the medium they encounter.

Reflection• According to the ____ __ ______, the angle of

reflection of a reflected wave is equal to its angle of incidence.

Diffuse Reflection

• Light is reflected in ___ ____________. • This is caused by a surface that isn’t _______.

Specular reflection

• All the light travelling in ___ direction and reflecting from the mirror is reflected in ___ direction. • This occurs on a

______ surface.

Definitions• _____ _____- the single point where light from the object

hits or is focused. Located half the distance from the mirror to the center of curvature.

• _____ _____-the distance from the reflecting surface to the focal point.

• _____- formed when the incident and reflected rays intersect in front of the mirror.

• ________- does not actually exist (no light is produced). Occur at points where extensions from incident and reflected rays converge behind the mirror.

• _______ of Curvature- the ______ of that original sphere.• _______ of Curvature- the ______ of the sphere.• _____- the point where the mirror crosses the principal

axis.• _________ ____- a line drawn through the vertex, focus

and center of curvature.

Plane Mirrors

Just kidding

Plane Mirrors

• A mirror with a flat surface• Properties of an image in a plane mirror– The image is ________– The image is the ______ size as the object– The image is the ______ distance from the mirror as the

object appears to be– The image is _______, not _______, because the light rays

do not actually pass through the image.

Spherical Mirrors

• A piece cut out of a reflective sphere. • Focal length of a spherical mirror: f=R/2• Either _______ or ______.

Convex Mirrors or Diverging Mirror• Image is _______ and _______.• Used for security in stores and on the passenger side of many

cars.• Light rays that strike the mirror surface are reflected so that

they _______, or “go apart,” and they never come to a point.• The focal length is ________.• The object and focus are on ___________ sides of the mirror.• All images are _______ than the object.

Rules of Reflection for Convex Mirrors

• Any incident ray traveling ________ to the principal axis on the way to a convex mirror will reflect in such a manner that its extension will pass _______ the focal point.

• Any incident ray traveling _______ a convex mirror such that its extension passes through the focal point will reflect and travel ________ to the principal axis.

• Any incident ray which is directed _______ the center of curvature of the mirror is ________ back along its ____ path.

Concave Mirror or Converging Mirror• Can have either ____ or _______ images.

• Light rays that strike the mirror surface are reflected so that they ________, or “come together,” at a point.

• Focal length is ________.• The object and the focus are on the _____ side of

the mirror.

Rules of Reflection

for Concave Mirrors

• Any incident ray traveling ________ to the principal axis on the way to the mirror will pass through the _____ _____upon reflection.

• Any incident ray passing through the _____ _____ on the way to the mirror will travel parallel to the ________ ____upon reflection.

The Mirror Equation

• 1/_+_/di=1/_– do is the distance from

the mirror to the object– di is the distance from the

mirror to the image– f is the focal length of the

mirror

Magnification

• In most cases the height of the image _______ from the height of the object. This means that the mirror has done some _________ or ________.

Magnification

• M=hi/__=__/do– The ratio of the

image height to the object height, which is closely related to the ratio of the image distance to the object distance.

Magnification

• M=hi/__=__/do– If magnification is __

then the object and the image are the same size. If m__1 then the image is larger. If m__1 then the image is smaller. If m__0 then the image is upright and if m__0 then the image is inverted.

Refraction• The change of direction of

a ray of _____, _____, ____, or the like, in passing obliquely from one medium into another in which its wave velocity is _________.

• The change in the _____ of propagation depends on the __________ between the index of refraction of the original medium and the medium entered by the wave, as well as on the _________ of the wave.

Refraction

• The speed of light in a vacuum is ______________.

• When light travels through a different material, it travels at ____________ speed.

Index of Refraction

• The speed of light in a given material is related to a quantity called the _____ __ _________, n.

• Index of refraction: n=_/v – The ratio of the speed of

light (_) in a vacuum to the speed of light in the medium (_).

• The _________ changes as well.

• Index of refraction in terms of wavelength– N=_/λm

• where _ is the wavelength in vacuum and λm is the wavelength in the medium

Refraction

• Although the _____ changes and wavelength _______, the frequency will be ________.

• Frequency, wavelength, and speed are related by:– V=_λ

Snell’s Law• The relationship between the angles of incidence

and refraction and the ________ of refraction of the two media. – n1_____=n2sinθ2 or sinθ1/sinθ2=__/v2

Definitions

• ____- a carefully ground or molded piece of transparent material that refracts light rays in such a way as to form an image.

• _________ axis- the __________ axis.• __ _____- the point on the principal axis that is

twice as far from the vertical axis as the focal point.

Converging Lenses• A lens that _________ rays of light that are traveling ________ to its principal axis.

Diverging Lenses• A lens that ________ rays of light that are

traveling parallel to its _________ axis.

Double Convex Lens

• The fact that a double convex lens is _______ across its middle is an indicator that it will converge rays of light that travel parallel to its principal axis.

Double Concave Lens

• The fact that the double concave lens is _______ across its middle is an indicator that it will diverge rays of light that travel parallel to its principal axis.

• Any incident ray traveling parallel to the principal axis of a converging lens will _______ through the lens and travel through the _____ point on the opposite side of the lens.

• Any incident ray traveling through the _____ _____ on the way to the lens will refract through the lens and travel parallel to the principal axis.

Refraction Rules for a Converging Lens

• Any incident ray traveling towards the focal point on the way to the lens will refract _______ the lens and travel ________ to the principal axis.

• Any incident ray traveling parallel to the principal axis of a diverging lens will _______ through the lens and travel in line with the focal point (i.e., in a direction such that its extension will pass through the focal point).

Refraction Rules for a Diverging Lens

A Third Rule of Refraction

• An incident ray that passes through the _____ of the lens will in affect ________ in the ____ direction that it had when it entered the lens.

Converging Lens Image Formation

• Can produce real ___ virtual images.

Object-Image Relations for Diverging Lens

Object-Image Relations for Converging Lens

• If the object is located ______ 2F:

• If the object is located __ 2F:

• If the object is located _______ 2F and _:

• If the object is located __ F:

• If the object is located __ _____ __ F:

Diverging Lens Image Formation

• Can only produce virtual images.