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Page 1: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation

e-

Proton pump

ATP synthase

H+

H+ H+ H+ H+

H+

ADP+Pi

ATP

e-e-

Energy from electrons is used

for H+ translocation

ATP synthesis is driven by H+

gradient

H+ gradient formation

Page 2: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

Differences between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation

e-Proton pump

ATP synthase

H+

H+ H+ H+ H+ H+

H+ADP+Pi

ATP

NADHFADH2

NADP+

NADPH

O2

H2O

Energy source: light

Energy source: electrons

By-product: electrons

By-product: water

Page 3: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-
Page 4: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

Photosynthesis:The light reactions

(photophosphorylation)

Page 5: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

Chlorophyll (or other pigments) absorbs light energy and conserve it as ATP and NADPH.

Not all photosynthetic organisms use H2O as electron donor in photosynthesis; thus not all of them produce O2 while they produce ATP and NADPH.

There are two types of photosynthesis: oxygenic (producing oxygen) photosynthesis and anoxygenic (not producing oxygen) photosynthesis. Only organisms with two photosystems can do oxygenic photosynthesis.

At lease half of the photosynthsis in this world is done by microorganisms (algae, photosynthetic eukaryotes and photosynthetic bacteria).

Page 6: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

p724

Page 7: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

Outer membraneInner membrane

Thylakoid membrane(lamellae)

grana

stroma

lumen

Page 8: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-
Page 9: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

p729

Chloroplast has photosystems with closely arranged chlorophyll

Page 10: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

p727

Cyanobacteria & red algae also contain similar structures called phycobilisome to facilitate light absorption

Page 11: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

p726

Alternating single and double bonds give strong absorption in the visible light

The major light absorbing pigment in higher plants

Page 12: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

p726

The accessory pigment in bacteria and algae

Page 13: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

p725

What wavelength of light chlorophyll absorbs?

Page 14: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

p727

Chlorophylls can cover part of the spectrum – blue and red

Page 15: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

The part of spectrum covered by chlorophylls coincides with the action spectrum of photosynthesis

Page 16: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

Accessory pigment: the red-orange -carotene

p726

Page 17: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

Accessory pigment: lutein (the red-orange isoprenoid)

Page 18: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

-carotene and lutein can help plant absorb more light

Page 19: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

Phycoerythrin and phycocyanin can absorb light that other pigments cannot absorb

Page 20: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

p731(PSII) (PSI)

Anoxygenic photosynthesis

(pheophytin)

(ferredoxin)

(restore RC to original state)

(restore RC to original state)

Page 21: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

p733

The Z scheme of oxygenic photosynthesis

Purple bacteria type

Green bacteria type

(pheophytin)

(plastoquinone)

(special form of chlorophyll)

(phylloquinone)

Page 22: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

(A1)

Page 23: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

p736

LHCII holds grana together

PSI and PSII on thylakoid membrane are separated to prevent Excition Larceny

Page 24: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

-Thr- P

Granal stacking by LHCII is regulated by light intensity

-Thr-OH

LHCIIProtein kinase

ATP

ADP

Protein PPase

Pi

High light [PQH2] [PQ]

Low light [PQH2] [PQ]

appressednonappressed

Page 25: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

p737

Cytochrome b6f complex

Page 26: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-
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p738

Oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation has something in common in cyanobacteria

Page 28: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

ee

ee

eeeeTyr

p739

Oxygen-evolving complex(water-splitting complex)

Mn

Mn

Mn

Mn

P680

D1D2

Pheo Pheo

QA QBFe

eeee

2H2O

eeeeO24H+

Page 29: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

p741

P

N

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p742

N

N

N

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p744

bacteriorhodopsin

Page 32: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

All-trans-retinal 13-cis-retinol

Proton transport

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p1062

Chloroplast from higher plants is probably evolved from endosymbiotic bacteria (prochlorophytes)Chloroplast from red algae is probably evolved from cyanobacteria

Page 34: Similarities between photophosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation e-e- Proton pump ATP synthase H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ ADP+Pi ATP e-e- e-e-

p723


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