Transcript
Page 1: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

The Cold War

Page 2: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Section One: The Cold War Begins

The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII.

Social, economic, and political differences were vast

People feared a nuclear holocaust

Page 3: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Origins of the Cold War The cold war began with mistrust between the Soviet

Union (red) and the western democracies (blue).

Page 4: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Roots of the Cold War

American and Soviet Systems DifferAllies Disagree on Future of Eastern

EuropeTruman and Stalin Clash at Potsdam

sodahead.com

Page 5: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

American and Soviet Systems Differ

Capitalism vs. Communism Free elections vs. Dictatorship Religious freedom vs. No Religion Private Property vs. “Communal”

government controlled property Respect for Individuals vs.

Obedience to a leader

http://www.designer-daily.com/10-amazing-cold-war-propaganda-posters-2901

Page 6: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Allies Disagree on Future of Eastern Europe

US, France, and Great Britain wanted a united Germany and independent countries in Eastern Europe

USSR wanted a weaker, divided Germany and wanted to control the formerly independent Eastern European countries.

http://www.english-online.at/history/world-war-2/results-and-aftermath-of-world-war-ii.htm

Page 7: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Truman and Stalin Clash at Potsdam Stalin refused to uphold

his Yalta promise of free elections in Eastern Europe

Truman thought Stalin would implement expansionist policies echoing those of Hitler and Japan.

http://www.trumanlibrary.org/photographs/view.php?id=13345&rr=

Clement Atlee

Page 8: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Meeting the Soviet Challenge Truman Faces a Crisis Truman Doctrine Opposes Communist Expansion

March 5, 1946 – Churchill gave his famous “iron curtain” speech in Fulton, MO

http://www.iancfriedman.com/?p=380

Page 9: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Truman Faces a Crisis

Truman’s motto “the buck stops here” meant that he knew he had the responsibility for making the hardest decisions.

Governments like Greece and Turkey were turning to the US to help fight communist forces within their countries

http://www.trumanlibrary.org/buckstop.htm

Page 10: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Truman Doctrine Opposes Communist Expansion

Truman went to Congress to ask for their support in helping Greece and Turkey fight communism.

Congress gave it’s support and the US’s agreement to help countries suppress communist movements became known as the Truman Doctrine.

dipity.com

Page 11: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Containing Soviet Expansion

Kennan Argues for Containment

Marshall Plan Aids Europe’s Economies

http://online-history.org/US2.htm

Page 12: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Kennan Argues for Containment George F. Kennan published an article called “The

Sources of Soviet Conduct” in a magazine called Foreign Affairs

Kennan argued that the US should focus on

stopping the spread of communism

instead of trying to get rid of it

altogether

http://www.russilwvong.com/future/kennan.html

Page 13: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Marshall Plan Aids Europe’s Economies People in Western and Eastern Europe

were suffering after WWII U.S. Secretary of State, George

Marshall, proposed a plan to provide grants, loans, food, and fuel to ailing nations

Stalin refused to allow Eastern European countries to accept the help

Plan stimulated American economy and gained support for fighting communism

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Plan

Page 14: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Cold War Heats Up Berlin Airlift Saves West Berlin Cold War Rivals Form Alliances http://www.artknowledgenews.com/Henry_Ries.html

http://cla.calpoly.edu/~lcall/111/week_ten.html

Page 15: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Berlin Airlift Saves West Berlin

June 1948, Stalin blockaded West Berlin from western aid

US and Britain delivered supplies via airplane for almost a year

dipity.com

Page 16: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Cold War Rivals Form Alliances

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) formed in 1949 with 12 Western European and North American countries

These countries agreed to mutual military assistance called collective security

In 1955, the USSR and its satellite states formed the Warsaw Pact as a response

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO

Page 17: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Section Two: The Korean War

The Forgotten War

Page 18: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

1950-53 Sandwiched between

WWII and the Vietnam War, the Korean War is often overlooked but had 140,000 American casualties.

vacationideasguide.com

Page 19: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Communists Gain Control of China

Civil War Divides China

Communists Win in China

dipity.com

Page 20: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Civil War Divides China Jiang Jieshi (AKA Chiang Kai-shek) led the

Nationalists had US support Mao Zedong led the Communists had USSR

support They joined forces to fight off Japanese invasion,

but civil war started again after WWII Corrupt Nationalist leaders embezzled US aid

dollars Mao won support by promising to feed the people

Page 21: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Communists Win in China

In 1948, Mao’s forces won Jiang fled to Taiwan, and

asked America for more help U.S. refused to send more

money to this corrupt leader China becomes the People’s

Republic of China and officially a communist nation

Page 22: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

The Beginnings In WWII, Japan invaded Korea. To force Japan’s surrender, the U.S.

occupied the South and the Soviets occupied the northern part of Korea. (above the 38th Parallel)

Division was supposed to be temporary but different economies developed.

South-Capitalist North- Communist

Page 23: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

North Korea Attacks Initially, both sides refused to give up their

ideologies. June 1950- The Soviets and Americans had

withdrawn so North Korea attacked South Korea.

http://www.findingdulcinea.com/news/on-this-day/June/Truman-Orders-Troops-Into-Korea.html

Page 24: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Truman Responds

Truman said the U.S. would respond with military force…BECAUSE:

1. He thought the Soviets were behind it. 2. Needed to enforce containment policy.

(Domino Theory) 3. Standing down would be appeasement.

Page 25: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

This Oct. 14, 1950, file picture shows Gen. Douglas MacArthur, left, and President Harry Truman in an automobile during a meeting on Wake Island to discuss the Korean War. Truman later told reporters the atomic bombing of North Korea was under consideration. MacArthur had a plan to drop 30 to 50 of the bombs, the general told journalists after the war. Sixty years after the start of the Korean War, recently released declassified documents have helped fill in the history of U.S. nuclear threats against North Korea over the decades. (AP Photo/WA, File)

http

://w

ww

.was

hing

tont

imes

.com

/new

s/20

10/o

ct/9

/us-

ofte

n-w

eigh

ed-

nort

h-ko

rea-

nuke

-opt

ion/

Page 26: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

U.N. Policing Action Since the U.S. had blocked the admission of

Communist China into the U.N., Taiwan had China’s veto power.

In protest, the USSR walked out. Thus, the U.S. got unanimous approval for the

defense of South Korea. 16 Countries contributed but 80% of troops were

American.

Page 27: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

http

://w

ww

.bbc

.co.

uk/s

choo

ls/g

cseb

itesi

ze/h

isto

ry/m

wh/

ir2/

kore

anw

arre

v2.s

htm

l

Page 28: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Douglas MacArthur

MacArthur is appointed overall commander.

By this point, North Korea had nearly taken all of South Korea.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_MacArthur

Page 29: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

MacArthur’s Plan

Hold ground at Pusan. Attack North Korean

supply line at Inchon. MacArthur pushes

deep into North Korea.

Page 30: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

United States Advance

MacArthur moved quickly despite tough conditions and rugged terrain.

Page 31: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

China Responds

MacArthur ignores China’s warning not to

get too close to China. China enters war and pushes UN troops

back to the 38th. MacArthur wants to use the A-Bomb and start a full

scale war with China Truman refuses, prefers limited war to achieve

specific goals MacArthur is fired after he publicly disagrees with

the president.

Page 32: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

http

://bl

ogs.

arch

ives

.gov

/pro

logu

e/?p

=47

29

Page 33: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Truman and MacArthur- Happier Times.

Page 34: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII
Page 35: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

The Tough Conditions in the Korean War.

Page 36: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Korean War Has Lasting Effects

War Becomes a Political Issue

Examining the Lessons of the Korean War

http://www.zazzle.com/eisenhower_4_star_general_fade_poster-228654098000510658

Page 37: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

War Becomes a Political Issue

Election of 1952, Eisenhower promised to end stalemate of Korean War

After he was elected, he visited Korea When peace talks were failing, he suggested the

nuclear option Stalin died North Korea agreed to a cease-fire

Page 38: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Examining the Lessons of the Korean War No victor Truman set precedent of sending US

soldiers without a declaration of war Increase in US military spending SEATO – Southeast Asia Treaty

Organization is formed to prevent spread of communism

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/macarthur/maps/koreatxt.html

Page 39: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

STOP!

Page 40: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Section Three: The Cold War Expands

American backyard fallout shelter 1960

Page 41: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Arms Race Heightens Tensions

Communist Advances Shock the Nation

Nuclear Arsenals Expand

The Soviets were not far behind the US in developing the atomic bomb and accomplished it in 1949

Page 42: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Communist Advances Shock the Nation

September 2, 1949 – An American military plane flying over Alaska detected high levels of radiation

American Nuclear Scientists studied the data and realized the Soviets had tested an atomic bomb.

The news that the USSR had atomic weapons, and China falling to the communists had Americans freaking out.

http://www.rferl.org/content/Sixty_Years_After_First_Soviet_Nuclear_Test_Legacy_Of_Misery_Lives_On/1809712.html

Page 43: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

The U.S. gives advice to people on how to survive a nuclear attack. (shelters, etc.)

Duck and Cover: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IKqXu-5jw60

Page 44: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Nuclear Arsenals Expand

Truman orders the Atomic Energy Commission to produce a hydrogen bomb

Oppenheimer and Einstein opposed this and warned of a perpetual arms race

By 1952 the US tested a hydrogen bomb The Soviets tested one the following year Above ground testing led to nuclear fallout and

radiation induced health problems for people downwind of the test sites

Page 45: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

The Arms Race Once the Soviet Union

successfully tested the atomic bomb, the arms race was on.

Both countries stockpiled enough nuclear weapons to destroy the entire planet many times

The idea was that mutually assured destruction would keep both sides from "pushing the button," by giving both sides equality in "kill power."

Page 46: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Eisenhower Introduces New Policies

Secretary of State, John Foster Dulles, had helped organize the UN

Dulles and Eisenhower agreed with Truman that communism was a threat

Their ideas of how to contain

it were different

http://newstalgia.crooksandliars.com/gordonskene/john-foster-dulles-may-1959

Page 47: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Eisenhower Favors Massive Retaliation

Eisenhower did not want to spend billions on traditional military expenses

He was focused on building nuclear weapons and developing planes, missiles, and submarines to launch them

http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/childs1/Outline%20The%20Eisenhower%20Years.htm

Page 48: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

The Brink of War

Dulles presented the U.S.’s new policy in dealing with communist threats – “massive retaliation”

Dulles convinced Eisenhower that in order to prevent war, you have to show that you are just crazy enough to go to war at the blink of an eye

This became known as “brinksmanship”

Page 49: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

http://hseuspics.wikispaces.com/The+Cold+War

Page 50: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Stalin’s Death Eases Tensions

Stalin died on March 5, 1953 Nikita Khrushchev (a dude) took over as leader of

the USSR He was still an anti-USA communist, but not as

cold and cruel as Stalin July 1955, Khrushchev and Eisenhower actually

met with each other

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSkhrushchev.htm

Page 51: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Cold War Goes Global

http://gubu-world.blogspot.com/2011/08/egypt-and-israel-future.html

Page 52: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Unrest Explodes Behind the Iron Curtain

Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia were upset with Soviet control

1956 workers in Poland rioted and won back control of their government, but they remained part of the Warsaw Pact

Then Hungarian students and workers protested Khrushchev responded by brutally crushing the

rebellion and executing its leaders

Page 53: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Americans were horrified by the Soviet response

The U.S would not use nukes to help Hungary gain independence

At the 1956 Olympic Games in Australia, a fight that broke out at a water polo game between Hungary and the USSR became known as the “blood in the water” match http://www.smithsonianmag.com/people-places/blood-in-the-water.html

Page 54: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

U.S. Defuses Suez Crisis

Egyptian President, Gamal Abdel Nassar, wanted to build a dam on the Nile, and he tried to play the US and USSR against each other

This ended up with Egypt trying to take control of the Suez Canal – France, Britain, and Israel then tried to take control for themselves

Eisenhower got ticked, and threatened to quit providing US oil and the three allies backed off

Page 55: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

http://www.historyguy.com/suez_war_1956.html

Page 56: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/8292718/Suez-Canal-from-crisis-to-crisis.html?image=2

Page 57: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Eisenhower Promises Strong Action

January 1957, Eisenhower announced the Eisenhower Doctrine

He said the US would use force to protect any Middle Eastern country fighting off communism

In 1958, the Eisenhower Doctrine was invoked to send US troops to Lebanon

Eisenhower also used the CIA to gather intelligence and complete covert missions to fight communism

Page 58: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

http://www.novareinna.com/bridge/laika.html

Cold War Blasts off Into Space October 4, 1957 – USSR launched Sputnik 1 – It

was the first satellite in space In November, they launched a Sputnik 2 with a

dog named Laika inside to see what outer space would do to a living creature.

Laika died

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iiv4MPsYFv4

Laika Video

Page 59: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Space Race In fear that the USSR would figure out how to use

satellites to drop missiles on the US, Congress approved the National Defense Education Act and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Enjoy this video documentary

that placed second at state in

it’s category last year and went to

nationals

http://nasasatellites.blogspot.com/

Page 60: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII
Page 61: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Section Four: The Cold War at Home

Page 62: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Worrying About Communists at Home

Truman Roots Out Communists Congress Hunts Communists Freedom of Speech Takes a Hit Government Investigates Oppenheimer

Page 63: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Truman Roots Out Communists

Page 64: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Congress Hunts Communists

Page 65: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Freedom of Speech Takes a Hit

Page 66: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Government Investigates Oppenheimer

Page 67: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Spy Cases Worry Americans

Whittaker Chambers Accuses Alger Hiss Rosenbergs Are Executed

Page 68: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Whittaker Chambers Accuses Alger Hiss

Page 69: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Rosenbergs Are Executed

Page 70: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

McCarthy Uses Ruthless Tactics

McCarthy Makes Accusations McCarthy’s Power Increases McCarthy Falls From Power

Page 71: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

McCarthy Makes Accusations

Page 72: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

McCarthy’s Power Increases

http://users.aber.ac.uk/rbh/ike/

Page 73: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

McCarthy Falls From Power

Page 74: The Cold War. Section One: The Cold War Begins  The Cold War is a term used to describe the tensions between the United States and the USSR after WWII

Iron curtain pic:

PPT format: http://online-history.org/US2.htm


Recommended