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THE GRAMMATICAL ERRORS IN COMPOSING DESCRIPTIVE

TEXTS MADE BY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDENTS OF

ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES (ESP) PROGRAM

CLASS “A” UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH

MALANG ACADEMIC YEAR 2012-2013

THESIS

By:

Rey Rizki Tia Jayanti

09360050

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2013






THESIS

By:


ENGLISH DEPARTMENT



2013






THESIS

This thesis is submitted to fulfill one of the requirements in

achieving Sarjana Degree in English Education

By:


09360050

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT



2013

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ii

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MOTTO AND DEDICATION

MOTTO

“Maka nikmat Tuhan kamu yang manakah yang kamu dustakan?”

(QS: Ar-Rahman 21)

“Keinginanmu kadang tak sepaham dengan keinginan Tuhan. Tapi percaya

saja,ketidaksepakatanmu hanyalah ujian.”

(Rons Imawan)

“The only way to worry about nothing is to pray about everything.”

(Anonymous)

DEDICATION

I dedicate this thesis to:

My beloved mother, Darmi Andriati,

My beloved late father, Oni Anthoni Lukito,

My older sister, Do’i Foni Candra Dewi,

My younger brother, Rah Brahmono Wisnu Wismangkoro,

And all of my family and friends.

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ABSTRACT

The purpose of this research is to know what area of grammatical errors in

composing descriptive texts made by English Department students of English for

specific Purposes (ESP) program class “A” University of Muhammadiyah Malang

academic year 2012-2013.In analyzing the grammatical errors, the writer used the

theory proposed by Dulay et al. (1981) which classify the area grammatical errors

into four: omission, addition, misformation, and misordering.

This study used descriptive research design. The research subject of this study

consisted of 42 students. The writer used secondary data source because in collecting

the data the writer did not collect them by herself.The result of the study showed that

there were 349 errors made by them. Most of the area of grammatical errors they

made was omission errors. The second rank was misformation errors which are

consisted of three; those are regularization, archi-form, and alternating forms. And all

of the students’ errors in misformation errors were alternating forms. Then, the third

rank was addition errors which are also consisted of three: regularization errors,

simple addition errors, and double marking errors. However, there was no double

marking errors in students’ composition. And the last ranks from the students’ errors

were misordering errors.

Key Words: Grammatical Errors, Descriptive Text

The Advisor 1 The writer

Dr. Masduki, M.Pd Rey Rizki T.J

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Alhamdulillahirobbil’alamin, this thesis has been finished because of the

merciful and almighty Allah SWT. The purpose of doing this thesis is to fulfill one of

the requirements in achieving sarjana degree in English Department, Faculty of

TeacherTraining and Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang.

The writer recognizes that this thesis will not be realized without

encouragement from the various parties. Therefore, the writer wants to express her

gratitude to the honorable:

1. Dr. Masduki, M.Pd as the first advisor and Drs. Imam Mahfudz as the second

advisor for their advice and guidance in accomplishing this thesis.

2. Sonny Elfiyanto, S.Pd as the English Department lecturer of English for Specific

Purpose (ESP) class A for helping the writer to get the data in this research.

3. English Department students of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) class A

academic year 2012-2013 for their cooperation in conducting the research.

4. The writer’s family especially hermother and sister for their love, care, pray, and

motivation every single day.

5. All the writer’s friends: Alfian Rizaldi, English department students class A

academic year 2009-2010, KKN Krisma 73, and others who cannot be mentioned

one by one. Thanks for all your support and help in finishing this thesis. I love

you all.

Malang, 20 October 2013

The writer

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER

APPROVAL SHEET ......................................................................................... i

LEGALIZATION .............................................................................................. ii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ........................................................................... iii

ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................. v

TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................... vi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study ..................................................................................... 1

1.2 Statement of the Problem ............................................................................... 4

1.3 Purpose of the Study ...................................................................................... 4

1.4 Significance of the Study ............................................................................... 4

1.5 Scope and Limitation ..................................................................................... 5

1.6 Definition of the Key Term ............................................................................ 5

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Theory Related to Research Question ............................................................ 7

2.1.1 Writing .................................................................................................. 7

2.1.2 Types of Paragraph ............................................................................... 8

2.1.2.1 Descriptive Text ..................................................................... 9

2.1.2.2 Exposition Text ...................................................................... 10

2.1.2.3 Narrative Text ......................................................................... 10

2.1.2.4 Argumentative Text ................................................................ 12

2.1.2.5 Persuasive Text ....................................................................... 12

2.1.3 Grammar ............................................................................................... 13

2.1.4 Error ...................................................................................................... 13

2.1.5 Error Types ........................................................................................... 15

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2.1.5.1 Linguistic Category ............................................................... 15

2.1.5.2 Surface Strategy Taxonomy ................................................... 15

2.1.5.3 Comparative Taxonomy ......................................................... 17

2.1.5.4 Communicative Effect Taxonomy ......................................... 18

2.1.6 Error Analysis ....................................................................................... 18

2.2 Current Literature Related to Research Question .......................................... 22

2.2.1 “An Analysis on Grammatical Errors Made By Fourth Semester

Students of English Department at Muhammadiyah University of

Malang in Writing Narrative Paragraph” by Dian Novite (2003) ........ 22

2.2.2 “Kesalahan Gramatikal Bahasa Inggris dalam Pola Kalimat

Sederhana Siswa Kelas VIII Unggulan SMP Plua Al-Aqsha” by Acep

Andi Suhendi (2012) ............................................................................ 23

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design ............................................................................................. 24

3.2 Research Subject ............................................................................................ 25

3.3 Data Source ................................................................................................ 25

3.4 Research Instrument ....................................................................................... 26

3.5 Data Collection .............................................................................................. 26

3.6 Data Analysis ................................................................................................ 27

CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Findings .......................................................................................................... 28

4.1.1 Omission ............................................................................................... 29

4.1.2 Addition ................................................................................................ 30

4.1.3 Misformation (Error of Selection) ........................................................ 31

4.1.4 Misordering .......................................................................................... 33

4.2 Disscussion ................................................................................................ 34

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CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGESTION

5.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 36

5.2 Suggestion ..................................................................................................... 37

5.2.1 Suggestion for the ESP Lecturers of English Department .................. 37

5.2.2 Suggestion for the Students of English Department ............................ 37

5.2.3 Suggestion for Further Research .......................................................... 38

BIBLIOGRAPHY

APPENDICES

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