The Protestant Reformation

EQ: What factors led to the

Protestant Reformation?

Warm Up

▪ What do you think the quote below means?

▪ “As soon as the gold in the casket rings; the

rescued soul to heaven springs.”

Protestant Reformation?

▪ When people

protested against the

Catholic church and

began forming new

churches.

▪ Why?

Reteach: Early Calls for Reform –

▪ John Wycliffe of England

– No Church or sacraments

needed to achieve salvation.

– Bible is most important

source of religious authority

– First translation of Bible into

English-Vernacular

Reteach: Jan Huss▪ Criticized wealth of

Church

▪ Wanted religious

services conducted in

the language of the

worshippers-vernacular

▪ Opposed the sale of

indulgences

– Outcome: burned at stake

Pope Leo X

▪ Became Pope in

1513.

▪ Pope Leo X began

selling church

positions (simony) &

indulgences (pardons

for sins) to build St.

Peter’s Basilica.

▪ John Tetzel- German Church official who was put in charge of raising funds to build St. Peter’s basilica: – Promised indulgences would

relieve for FUTURE sins.

– Encouraged people to buy indulgences for dead relatives.

▪ “As soon as the gold in the casket rings; the rescued soul to heaven springs.”

Martin Luther

▪ German monk.

▪ Luther preached

against indulgences &

wrote The 95 Theses

(Statements criticizing

indulgences and other

church policies) &

posted it on the

Church door in

Wittenberg.

Printing Press

▪ Copies of Martin

Luther’s 95 Thesis

were printed and

distributed.

▪ The 95 Theses

(1517) spread quickly

& sale of indulgences

declined.

▪ Pope Leo X

threatened Luther w/

excommunication-he

refused & was

excommunicated in

1521.

Martin Luther

Martin Luther▪ Charles V called the Diet

at Worms to give Luther

the opportunity to recant-

Luther refused.

▪ Edict of Worms was

issued: declared Luther a

heretic & outlaw

– Burn his books.

– No food or shelter.

▪ Was hidden in a castle by

Prince Frederick of Saxony

▪ While in exile, translates

New Testament into

German.

Beliefs of Luther

▪ Salvation by faith & not good works alone.

▪ Believed forgiveness for sins could only come from God.

▪ Bible is the only source of religious truth.

▪ No worship of saints.

▪ Clergy allowed to marry.

John Calvin▪ 1536, published

Institutes of the Christian Religion.

▪ Ppl by nature are sinful & God chose an “elect” few for salvation.

▪ Predestination: God already knows who will be saved.

Calvinsim▪ 1541, set up a Calvinist

community in Switzerland.

▪ Believed in predestination

▪ Attempted to turn Geneva into a model theocratic community:

-Fighting, swearing,

drunkenness, gambling, card

playing, and dancing are all

prohibited. Must attend Church

5 times a week.

▪ Presbyterians was a branch off from Calvinism.

The

Anabaptists

▪ Believed only adults that could make a free and informed choice to be Christians should be baptized.

▪ Refused to hold office, bear arms, & swear oaths.

▪ Live apart from society; believed sin was everywhere.

▪ Were persecuted by Lutherans & Catholics.

▪ Anabaptist groups leave for North America in 1600s

▪ Promote freedom of religion and separation of church and state

▪ Baptists, Mennonites, and Amish all trace their roots back to Anabaptists.