Transcript
Page 1: The Respiratory System. Respiration Cellular respiration-occurs in the mitochondria, and releases energy from the breakdown of food molecules (ch. 9)

The Respiratory System

Page 2: The Respiratory System. Respiration Cellular respiration-occurs in the mitochondria, and releases energy from the breakdown of food molecules (ch. 9)

Respiration Cellular respiration-occurs in the

mitochondria, and releases energy from the breakdown of food molecules (ch. 9)

Respiration-process of gas exchange; blood carries oxygen from lungs to tissues and carries carbon dioxide in the opposite direction

Page 3: The Respiratory System. Respiration Cellular respiration-occurs in the mitochondria, and releases energy from the breakdown of food molecules (ch. 9)

Human respiratory system Includes

Nose pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs

Page 4: The Respiratory System. Respiration Cellular respiration-occurs in the mitochondria, and releases energy from the breakdown of food molecules (ch. 9)

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Air Into Lungs

Page 5: The Respiratory System. Respiration Cellular respiration-occurs in the mitochondria, and releases energy from the breakdown of food molecules (ch. 9)

Path of air Air enters nose and moves to the pharynx

(passageway for food and air) From pharynx, air moves to the trachea or

windpipe (epiglottis covers trachea when you swallow)

At these early places, air is warmed, moistened, and filtered by hairs in nasal cavity and mucus produced in cells in the nasal cavity and trachea to keep air clean

Page 6: The Respiratory System. Respiration Cellular respiration-occurs in the mitochondria, and releases energy from the breakdown of food molecules (ch. 9)

Path of air cont. From trachea, air moves to larynx (vocal

cords) and then into 2 passageways in the chest called bronchi (each leads to a lung)

Each large bronchus subdivides into smaller bronchi and those into bronchioles

Bronchioles subdivide into millions of alveoli or air sacs (150 million in each lung)

Each alveoli is surrounded by capillaries

Page 7: The Respiratory System. Respiration Cellular respiration-occurs in the mitochondria, and releases energy from the breakdown of food molecules (ch. 9)

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Aveoli

Page 8: The Respiratory System. Respiration Cellular respiration-occurs in the mitochondria, and releases energy from the breakdown of food molecules (ch. 9)

Gas exchange Alveoli provide huge surface area for gas

exchange Oxygen dissolves in moisture on inner

surface of alveoli and diffuses across capillaries into blood

Carbon dioxide in blood diffuses in the opposite direction

Page 9: The Respiratory System. Respiration Cellular respiration-occurs in the mitochondria, and releases energy from the breakdown of food molecules (ch. 9)

Air Inhaled air is 21% oxygen and .04% carbon

dioxide Exhaled air is <15% oxygen and 4% carbon

dioxide Lungs remove 1/3 of the oxygen and

increase carbon dioxide content 100 times

Page 10: The Respiratory System. Respiration Cellular respiration-occurs in the mitochondria, and releases energy from the breakdown of food molecules (ch. 9)

Oxygen in blood Oxygen dissolves easily and moves into

blood without difficulty Hemoglobin (oxygen-carrying protein in

blood) increase efficiency by increasing oxygen-carrying capacity of blood more than 60 times

Page 11: The Respiratory System. Respiration Cellular respiration-occurs in the mitochondria, and releases energy from the breakdown of food molecules (ch. 9)

Breathing structures Lungs sealed in two pleural membranes or

sacs in the chest cavity Below the chest cavity is the diaphragm, a

large flat muscle

Page 12: The Respiratory System. Respiration Cellular respiration-occurs in the mitochondria, and releases energy from the breakdown of food molecules (ch. 9)

Inhaling Diaphragm contracts Rib cage rises up to expand volume of

chest cavity Creates a partial vacuum in the chest cavity Atmospheric pressure pushes air into lungs

Page 13: The Respiratory System. Respiration Cellular respiration-occurs in the mitochondria, and releases energy from the breakdown of food molecules (ch. 9)

Exhaling Rib cage lowers Diaphragm relaxes Pressure in chest becomes greater than

atmospheric pressure Air is pushed back out

Page 14: The Respiratory System. Respiration Cellular respiration-occurs in the mitochondria, and releases energy from the breakdown of food molecules (ch. 9)

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How A Diaphragm Works

Page 15: The Respiratory System. Respiration Cellular respiration-occurs in the mitochondria, and releases energy from the breakdown of food molecules (ch. 9)

Control of breathing Controlled by medulla oblongata of brain Cells monitor amount of carbon dioxide in

blood As CO2 levels rise, nerve impulses from

breathing center cause diaphragm to contract and fill lungs with air


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