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Nutrition for theNutrition for thePostpartum MotherPostpartum Mother

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Special Concerns of theSpecial Concerns of the

Postpartum MotherPostpartum Mother

Restocking nutritional storesRestocking nutritional stores

Providing good quality milk for herProviding good quality milk for her

breastfed babybreastfed baby

Losing weight graduallyLosing weight gradually



Restocking NutritionalRestocking Nutritional

StoresStores Eat according to MyPyramidEat according to MyPyramid

Continue to take a daily multipleContinue to take a daily multiplevitamin and mineral supplement asvitamin and mineral supplement as

prescribed by your health careprescribed by your health care

providerprovider Continue to take an iron supplementContinue to take an iron supplement

each day as prescribed by youreach day as prescribed by your

health care providerhealth care provider



Eat the MyPyramid WayEat the MyPyramid Way

GrainsGrains

VegetablesVegetables FruitsFruits

MilkMilk

Meat and BeansMeat and Beans



Food Guide PyramidFood Guide Pyramid



GrainsGrains

1 slice bread1 slice bread 1 tortilla1 tortilla

½ cup rice, pasta, or½ cup rice, pasta, or

cerealcereal

1-ounce ready-to-eat1-ounce ready-to-eat

whole-grain cerealwhole-grain cereal

½ hamburger bun,½ hamburger bun,

bagel or English muffinbagel or English muffin

3 – 4 plain crackers3 – 4 plain crackers



VegetablesVegetables

½ cup chopped raw or½ cup chopped raw orcooked vegetablecooked vegetable

1 cup raw, leafy1 cup raw, leafy

vegetablesvegetables

¾ cup vegetable juice¾ cup vegetable juice

½ cup scalloped potatoes½ cup scalloped potatoes



FruitsFruits

1 piece fruit or1 piece fruit ormelon wedgemelon wedge

¾ cup fruit juice¾ cup fruit juice

½ cup chopped,½ cup chopped,

cooked or cannedcooked or cannedfruitfruit

¼ cup dried fruit¼ cup dried fruit



MilkMilk

1 cup milk or yogurt1 cup milk or yogurt

1-½ ounces natural1-½ ounces naturalcheesecheese

2 ounces process2 ounces processcheesecheese



Meat and BeansMeat and Beans

1 ounce cooked lean1 ounce cooked lean

beef, pork, lamb, veal,beef, pork, lamb, veal,

poultry, or fishpoultry, or fish ¼ cup cooked dry¼ cup cooked dry

beansbeans

1 egg1 egg

2 tablespoons peanut2 tablespoons peanut

butterbutter



Fats, Sugars, and SaltFats, Sugars, and Salt

(Sodium)(Sodium) Make most of your fatMake most of your fat

sources from fish, nuts,sources from fish, nuts,

and vegetable oilsand vegetable oils Limit solid fats andLimit solid fats and

foods containing solidfoods containing solidfatsfats

Choose food andChoose food andbeverages low inbeverages low inadded sugars andadded sugars andsodiumsodium



Breast Feeding…Best forBreast Feeding…Best for

BabyBaby

Breastfeeding Benefits for BabyBreastfeeding Benefits for Baby

Superior to all other milk substitutesSuperior to all other milk substitutes

Favorable balance of nutrientsFavorable balance of nutrients Easily digestibleEasily digestible Promotes physiological developmentPromotes physiological development

Improves cognitive developmentImproves cognitive development Protects against infections and diseasesProtects against infections and diseases Decreases risk of food allergiesDecreases risk of food allergies Reduces Risk of Sudden Infant DeathReduces Risk of Sudden Infant Death

(SIDS) syndrome(SIDS) syndrome



Breastfeeding…Good for MomBreastfeeding…Good for Mom

Too Too Breastfeeding Benefits for MotherBreastfeeding Benefits for Mother

Contracts the UterusContracts the Uterus

Lengthens Birth IntervalsLengthens Birth Intervals Conserves Iron StoresConserves Iron Stores Reduces Risk of Breast and OvarianReduces Risk of Breast and Ovarian

CancerCancer

Decreases risk of Type II diabetesDecreases risk of Type II diabetes Increased weight loss and fat lossIncreased weight loss and fat loss Protects Bone DensityProtects Bone Density

Saves MoneySaves Money



Special Concerns of theSpecial Concerns of the

Breastfeeding MomBreastfeeding Mom ProteinProtein

FatFat

Vitamin BVitamin B1212

Vitamin DVitamin D

Vitamin K Vitamin K

Folic AcidFolic Acid

CalciumCalcium

ChromiumChromium

IronIron

SeleniumSelenium

ZincZinc

FluidsFluids

Adequate CaloriesAdequate Calories



ProteinProtein

Protein needs are higher duringProtein needs are higher during

breastfeeding than at any other timebreastfeeding than at any other time

in lifein life

While breastfeeding, you can getWhile breastfeeding, you can get

enough protein from a nutritious dietenough protein from a nutritious diet



FatFat

Composition of fats in breast milk isComposition of fats in breast milk isdetermined by the mother’s dietdetermined by the mother’s diet

Breast milk contains docosahexaenoicBreast milk contains docosahexaenoic

acid (DHA)acid (DHA) DHA is important for baby’s visual andDHA is important for baby’s visual and

brain developmentbrain development

Include one serving of fish in diet eachInclude one serving of fish in diet eachweekweek

Best sources of DHA are fatty fish, suchBest sources of DHA are fatty fish, such

as salmonas salmon



Vitamin BVitamin B1212

Vitamin BVitamin B1212 is found only in foodsis found only in foods

from animal sourcesfrom animal sources

Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairyMeat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy

products are excellent sourcesproducts are excellent sources

Some vegetarians may need aSome vegetarians may need a

vitamin Bvitamin B1212 supplementsupplement



Vitamin DVitamin D

Breast milk is low in Vitamin DBreast milk is low in Vitamin D

Food sources include Vitamin D-fortifiedFood sources include Vitamin D-fortified

cow’s milk and soy milkcow’s milk and soy milk

Yogurt, cheese, and other dairy products Yogurt, cheese, and other dairy products

are not usually fortified with Vitamin Dare not usually fortified with Vitamin D

Sunlight helps the body produce VitaminSunlight helps the body produce VitaminDD

Some vegetarians may need a Vitamin DSome vegetarians may need a Vitamin D

supplementsupplement



Vitamin K Vitamin K

Vitamin K is produced in the smallVitamin K is produced in the small

intestineintestine

The newborn infant has a sterile The newborn infant has a sterileintestine for several days after birthintestine for several days after birth

Breast milk may be low in Vitamin K Breast milk may be low in Vitamin K

The doctor may prescribe a Vitamin The doctor may prescribe a Vitamin

K supplement for the infantK supplement for the infant



Folic AcidFolic Acid

Leafy vegetables, citrus fruits,Leafy vegetables, citrus fruits,

legumes, and nuts are excellentlegumes, and nuts are excellent

sources of folic acidsources of folic acid Grain products like breads, cereals,Grain products like breads, cereals,

pasta and rice are enriched with folicpasta and rice are enriched with folic

acidacid

Make sure you get enough folic acid,Make sure you get enough folic acid,

especially if planning anotherespecially if planning another

re nanc in the near futurere nanc in the near future



CalciumCalcium

Main mineral in bones and teethMain mineral in bones and teeth

Important mineral in nerveImportant mineral in nervetransmission and muscle contractiontransmission and muscle contraction

A breastfeeding mother loses 200 –A breastfeeding mother loses 200 –

300 mg of calcium in breast milk300 mg of calcium in breast milkeach dayeach day

Inadequate intake – The body drawsInadequate intake – The body draws



Calcium-rich FoodsCalcium-rich Foods

The postpartum mother should The postpartum mother should

consume at least three servings of milkconsume at least three servings of milk

each dayeach day

Nonfat and low-fat milk and milkNonfat and low-fat milk and milk

products are excellent sources of products are excellent sources of

calciumcalcium

Some vegetables and fish with edibleSome vegetables and fish with edible

bones are also good sources of calciumbones are also good sources of calcium



ChromiumChromium

Helps produce high quality milk inHelps produce high quality milk in

breast-feeding mothersbreast-feeding mothers

Low intake of chromium can increaseLow intake of chromium can increase

the mother’s risk for developing highthe mother’s risk for developing high

blood sugar and heart diseaseblood sugar and heart disease



IronIron

An important component of bloodAn important component of blood

Iron concentrations in most womenIron concentrations in most women

are depleted after pregnancyare depleted after pregnancy

Most women should continue to eatMost women should continue to eat

iron-rich foods and take ironiron-rich foods and take ironsupplementssupplements

The body absorbs iron best from The body absorbs iron best from

foods from animal sourcesfoods from animal sources



SeleniumSelenium

Selenium helps both mother and babySelenium helps both mother and baby

maintain a strong immune systemmaintain a strong immune system

It also aids in cell growthIt also aids in cell growth Nursing baby’s selenium status isNursing baby’s selenium status is

directly affected by what the motherdirectly affected by what the mother

eatseats Food sources include seafood, extra-Food sources include seafood, extra-

lean meat, cooked dried beans andlean meat, cooked dried beans and

peas, and chickenpeas, and chicken



ZincZinc

Essential for baby’s growth andEssential for baby’s growth and

developmentdevelopment

Breastfeeding increases the demandBreastfeeding increases the demandfor this nutrientfor this nutrient

Many women don’t consume enoughMany women don’t consume enough

zinczinc

The body uses zinc from foods of The body uses zinc from foods of

animal origin bestanimal origin best



FluidsFluids

Nursing mother loses about 23 ouncesNursing mother loses about 23 ouncesof fluid each dayof fluid each day

If you feel thirsty, you are alreadyIf you feel thirsty, you are already

dehydrateddehydrated Drink at least six glasses of water inDrink at least six glasses of water in

addition to other fluids dailyaddition to other fluids daily

Drink a glass of milk, juice, or water atDrink a glass of milk, juice, or water ateach meal and each time the babyeach meal and each time the baby

nursesnurses

Low fluid intake could result inLow fluid intake could result in



Practices Incompatible withPractices Incompatible with

BreastfeedingBreastfeeding

Avoid:Avoid:

AlcoholAlcohol

Illicit DrugsIllicit Drugs

CigaretteCigaretteSmokingSmoking

Caution:Caution:

MedicinalMedicinalDrugsDrugs

HerbalHerbal

SupplementsSupplements

CaffeineCaffeine



Getting Back to YourGetting Back to Your

Pre-pregnancy WeightPre-pregnancy Weight Excessive weight gain duringExcessive weight gain during

pregnancy is an important factor inpregnancy is an important factor in

postpartum weight retentionpostpartum weight retention

Avoid fad diets!Avoid fad diets!

Breastfeeding speeds up the weightBreastfeeding speeds up the weight

loss processloss process



Success Strategies forSuccess Strategies for

Weight LossWeight Loss

Lose weight gradually – 1 to 2 poundsLose weight gradually – 1 to 2 pounds

per weekper week

Reduce fat intake and eat more fruits,Reduce fat intake and eat more fruits,

vegetables, whole-grains, andvegetables, whole-grains, and

nonfat/low-fat milk and milk products,nonfat/low-fat milk and milk products,

and lean meat productsand lean meat products

If breastfeeding, don’t attempt weightIf breastfeeding, don’t attempt weight

loss for the first six weeks postpartum,loss for the first six weeks postpartum,

then aim for a weight loss of no morethen aim for a weight loss of no more

than a 2 pound weight loss per monththan a 2 pound weight loss per month



Success Strategies forSuccess Strategies for

Weight Loss (cont.)Weight Loss (cont.) Eat regular meals and snacksEat regular meals and snacks

Watch portion sizesWatch portion sizes Include high protein foods in yourInclude high protein foods in your

meals (e.g., chicken breast, watermeals (e.g., chicken breast, water

packed tuna, grilled salmon)packed tuna, grilled salmon)

Begin to exercise as soon as yourBegin to exercise as soon as your

health care provider gives the okayhealth care provider gives the okay



Weight LossWeight Loss

Installation resourcesInstallation resources- How to get a referral to a dietitianHow to get a referral to a dietitian

- The Weigh to Stay program The Weigh to Stay program- Fitness and/or recreation centerFitness and/or recreation center

- PPPT Program for postpartum mothersPPPT Program for postpartum mothers



Questions??Questions??



Enjoy Your New Baby!Enjoy Your New Baby!



ReferencesReferences

The American Dietetic Association’s Complete Food The American Dietetic Association’s Complete Foodand Nutrition Guide, Roberta Larson Duyff, MS,and Nutrition Guide, Roberta Larson Duyff, MS,

RD, CFCSRD, CFCS

Nutrition for Women: The Complete Guide ElizabethNutrition for Women: The Complete Guide ElizabethSomer, MA, RDSomer, MA, RD

Position of the American Dietetic Association:Position of the American Dietetic Association:Promoting and Supporting BreastfeedingPromoting and Supporting Breastfeeding

Understanding Nutrition (8Understanding Nutrition (8thth ed), Whitney and Rolfesed), Whitney and Rolfes