Varieties of American

NationalismChapter 8

A Growing Economy

The Economic Boom after the War of 1812

After the War of 1812, two things were on the

minds of most Americans

1. Was slavery going to continue to be a part of the national identity and economy?

2. Would the new Western states align politically and economically with the North or the South?

Defining an Era

Following the War of 1812, there was a short

but significant economic boom…then a quick bust.

The United States made a move in the post war years towards industrialization and a new economy but it lacked the necessary institutions (transportation, standardized banking) to sustain long term growth.

Building A National Market

After the War of 1812…

Manufacturing Shipping State Banks issue bank notes of varying worth,

creating interstate consumer uncertainty. WHY? A National Bank is needed to stabilize the

currency and set a banking standard Congress forms the SECOND BANK OF THE

UNITED STATES in 1791 The banks size gave it power not any laws

Banking, Currency, Protection

The Textile Boom: 1807-

1815 The POWER LOOM provides

for faster cloth production to consume the mass amounts of cotton produced by the plantation system of the South.

Industry begins to take root in the North to offset the loss of shipping business

New Banking system provides for capital investment

The Textile Boom:1807-

1815 After the War of 1812

American ports were again open to British goods.

British merchants flood the U.S. with cheap goods to suppress American Industry and growth.

Congress passes Protective Tariffs in 1816 to keep cheap British goods off of American shelves and help American industry

Transportation

The new economy, based on manufacturing and industry, demanded better, faster transportation

Private industry looks for solutions

Key Question:Should the Federal Government, using Federal tax dollars, build public roads?

Transportation

The NATIONAL ROAD—a road built between the Potomac River and the Ohio River using funds from the sale of land in Ohio.

Solves the transportation problem and the funding problem

Transportation

Steam Powered ships bring goods North and South along the Mississippi River (open now because of the Battle of New Orleans) and eventually the Erie Canal, opening up the West to Eastern goods.

Steam Ships stimulate the agrarian economy of the South and West

People start moving West to farm

Transportation

On the East Coast there is a difficulty shipping goods North and South because of poor roads and rough waters

John C. Calhoun helps pass bill to build a national N/S road

Madison vetoes it his last day as president because he feels the bill oversteps the powers of congress to make “National Improvements”

Is this ironic…or at least contradictory?

I’M bringing

sexy back!

Expanding Westward

The Louisiana Territory opens up to settlers

In 1810, 1 out of every 7 white Americans

lived West of the Appalachians.

In 1820, 1 out of every 4 white Americans lived West of the Appalachians

Regional political powers is in a state of constant flux

Expanding Westward

Reasons for Expansion:

1. Pressure over land, resources, jobs, and capital, due to the growing population in the East 1800—5.3 million Americans 1820—9.6 million Americans

2. The West becomes more attractive to Americans War of 1812 eliminated Native American threat U.S. Government builds forts in the territories Midwest is attractive to farmers

The Great Migrations

Cotton grows very well in Alabama and

Mississippi drawing plantation owners West with prospects of huge profits and cheap land.

Spreads the “Plantation System” and slavery West

Growth adds 4 new states:

The Plantation System in the Southwest

Indiana: 1816

Mississippi: 1817

Illinois: 1818

Alabama: 1819

Trade with Mexico opens in 1821 when it gains

independence from Spain, bringing traders further West and South.

Fur becomes a big business all across the West

White fur traders move into the Great Lakes and the Rockies where once only Native American trappers traded.

These traders became known as MOUNTAIN MEN

Trade and Trapping in the Far West

The Mountain Man

The MOUNTAIN MAN becomes a character of myth and legend

Men who live off the land, alone for months at a time, trapping/hunting beaver, moose, bear, buffalo.

Romanticizes the West Creates a level of

misunderstanding among most Easterners of what the West really is.

Mr. Flessa’s Beard Goal

The Era of Good FeelingHigh on Believing

As the economy grew, the West opened to

White expansion, and new states joined the union a general “Good Feeling” spread throughout the US.

Americans were feeling good about themselves

WHY? That’s what you will answer in your DBQ Chapter 8 Essay Test!

The Era of Good Feelings

Since John Adams, Virginians controlled the

White House. (1800-1824) Jefferson Madison Monroe

This became known as the “VIRGINIA DYNASTY”

The Republican Virginians dominated politics for 25 years.

The End of the First Party System

By the time James Monroe becomes president,

the country is on a roll. Monroe takes the opportunity of a strong

economy and peace at home to “strengthen” America’s image around the world.

He took a “GOODWILL TOUR” across America, for the first time making the President a very public figure.

The Easy Presidency of Monroe

James Monroe issues a statement to the world

that asserts U.S. Supremacy and warns European powers against any attempts to colonize the Americas

This Doctrine has been adopted by many presidents who believe that America should be the leading force of the world.

The Monroe Doctrine

Is this evidence of the Monroe doctrine in the

modern era?

In Support of the

Monroe Doctrine?

The U.S. held West Florida but wanted East Florida from the

Spanish. Secretary of State John Quincy Adams as began negotiating

with Spanish Minister Luis de Onis. Jackson, in control of the American Army in the South, was

ordered by Secretary of War Calhoun to stop raids on American settlers by the Seminole Indians.

Jackson used this excuse to invade Florida and take it from the Seminoles and the Spanish

Adams took responsibility for the action saying it was America’s right to take the Pennisula

In 1819 Spain ceded the rest of Florida to the U.S. with the Adams-Onis Treaty.

Seminole Wars

As the nation grew its demand for capital and

markets grew as well. In 1819 banks had loaned out more money

than they had, as they started to call in loans, people didn’t have the money to pay and the economy went bust.

This crisis weakened the idea that America was unstoppable.

With the BOOM… came a BUST

Panic of 1819

Sectionalism and Nationalism

A Nation United and Divided

What were the major elements of

disagreement in the debate over the admission of Missouri into the Union?

Which group opposed Missouri's entering the Union as a slave state? Why?

What was the Missouri Compromise? Why did nationalists regard it as a "happy resolution of a danger to the Union"? Why were others less optimistic?

Guided Questions

The Revival of OppositionThe Federalists RETURN!!!!!

Latin America

By 1815 the Spanish Empire is about to fall Can’t compete with British and French Navy Hasn’t industrialized Not as lucrative colonies

Latin America is the second largest trade partner of the U.S. If Spain falls and loses control of Latin America, the U.S. benefits 1815—U.S. Promises to stay out of the uprising in Latin America

where people are fighting for independence from Spain Instead it sells ships and supplies to the rebels

1822—Monroe recognizes La Plata (Argentina), Chile, Peru, and Columbia as independent nations.

Monroe Doctrine

First established in 1823 Mostly the work of John Q. Adams,

Monroe’s Secretary of State A written promise to Europe and the rest

of the world that the United States would protect the Americas from European influence

Adams was afraid France and Spain would join together to retake Latin America

The Monroe Doctrine established American Dominance and fostered strong Nationalist feelings at home.

The Revival of

Opposition After 1816 the Federalist Party ceased to be All politics were Republican politics 1824 Caucus—William H Crawford (Secretary of

the Treasure under Monroe) of Georgia was selected as the Republican candidate for President

But J.Q. Adams, Henry Clay, and Andrew Jackson, received a lot of local support outside the caucus

The Election of 1824 was held resulting in an unclear victor.

Electoral Votes of 1824

Andrew Jackson99 Votes

John Q. Adams84 Votes

William H. Crawford41 Votes

Henry Clay37 Votes

“The Corrupt

Bargain” of 1824 Because of the failure of the Electoral College to

pick a clear winner, the choice went to the House of Representatives

Clay, clearly not going to win, gave his support to Adams because Jackson was a rival of Clay’s in the South and because Adams supported Clay’s “American System” (more on that later)

Adam’s wins with Clay’s support, who names him Secretary of State

Jacksonians charge Clay and Adams with conspiring a “Corrupt Bargain”

The Second President

Adams Adams takes office, not a popular man Tries to progress a Nationalist Policy but is blocked

by angry states rights Jacksonians in Congress Adams supports the “American System”

Raise protective tarrifs Strengthen the national bank Finance internal improvements

Adams supported tariffs on imported goods in 1828 that angered suppliers in the north and manufacturers in the north

John Quincy Adams

Adams was a diplomat, intellectual, and worldly.

He spoke His goal as president

was American expansion

Jackson Triumphant

By the election of 1828 Adams had few supporters left

The Republicans were split between the federalist National Republicans (Adams) and the state’s rights dominant Democratic-Republicans (Jackson)

Jackson stood against “Economic Aristocracy”

The election was filled with nasty politics

Election of Jackson is heralded as the “Age of the Common Man”

Anti-Jackson Broadside

This was published and distributed by the Adams Campaign. It claimed that Jackson murdered six men while a General in the army. The truth is these men were executed by Jackson after being tried and convicted of deserting the army. The common punishment at the time.

Chapter 8 Review

Lets make sure we understand the Key Concepts of Chapter 8 before we move on to Chapter 9

1. The effects of the War of 1812 on

banking, shipping, farming, industry and transportation

2. Postwar governmental efforts

to improve banking and transportation

3. The Westward expansion after the War

of 1812 and its relation to the growing interest in internal improvements.

4. The settlement patterns that

resulted from this postwar westward expansion