Transcript
Page 1: Wake Vortex X-band radar monitoring : Paris-CDG airport 2008

Wake Vortex X-band radar monitoring :Paris-CDG airport 2008 CampaignResults & PerspectivesThales Air systems, Strategy Technology & Innovation Dept.F. Barbaresco

Page 2: Wake Vortex X-band radar monitoring : Paris-CDG airport 2008

Short Summary of Wake Vortex Radar Campaigns

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Thales Air Systems Division3

USA :During 90’s different Radar trials have been made in US for wake vortex monitoring in clear Air with positive results for different bands.

EUROPE :UK, GEC-MARCONI (1992) : detection at Range R = 2.8 Km with an S-band Radar (3 GHz) (DX 04 Radar Campaign)France, CNRS/CRPE (1992): detection at Range R = 0.5 Km with an UHF-band Radar (961 MHz) (PROUST Radar campaign)

WAKE VORTEX RADAR CAMPAIGNS

DX04 S-band radarAN/MPS-39

C-band radar

Proust UHF Band Radar

Wake Vortex Reflectivity was flat as a function of frequency

Page 4: Wake Vortex X-band radar monitoring : Paris-CDG airport 2008

Thales Air Systems Division4

CLEAR AIR RADAR REFLECTIVITY OF WAKE VORTEXTests have revealed radar echoes in clear air.

Two mechanisms causing refractive index gradients are :Radial Pressure (and therefore density) gradient in a columnar vortex arisingfrom the rotational flow :

Adiabatic transport of atmospheric fluid within a descending oval surrounding a vortex pair :

Particulates were not involved (not f4 Rayleigh scattering) .The frequency dependence was not the Kolmogorov f1/3

The role of Engine Exhaust :RCS doesn’t change when the engine run at idle or full powerExhaust diameter yields a partial pressure of vapour and a contribution which is much smaller than that due to temperature.

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Page 5: Wake Vortex X-band radar monitoring : Paris-CDG airport 2008

Operational Needs for Wake Vortex Monitoring

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Thales Air Systems Division6

WAKE VORTEX MONITORING IN CRITICAL AREASWake Vortex should be monitored In critical Areas (where

% of occurences is high) :Very Close to the Ground (0 to 400 ft)Glide Path Intercept (3000 to 4000 ft)

These Critical Areas should be monitored in All Weather conditions (Wet & Dry conditions, Fog, Rain,…)

FiguresFromNATS

VoluntaryReporting

Critical Area 1 :Very close to the Ground

Critical Area 2 :Glide Path Intercept

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Thales Air Systems Division7

Wake Vortex behaviours very close to the ground have very complex causes that could change abrutly (e.g. Wind Squall or Fall,…) : Need for Real Time Monitoring

Ground Effect :

Wind Shear :

Transport :

vortices

Secondary vortices

Wake Vortex Monitoring very close to the Ground

Page 8: Wake Vortex X-band radar monitoring : Paris-CDG airport 2008

THALES X-BAND RADAR TRIALS

Page 9: Wake Vortex X-band radar monitoring : Paris-CDG airport 2008

Thales Air Systems Division9

CHARACTERISTICS OF THALES X-BAND BOR-A550 RADAR

Main FiguresFrequency : X Band (9.6 GHz for ORLY Campaign)Minimal Range : 400 mMaximal Range : 40 Km (limited to 2 km for WV)Range Resolution : 40 mMechanical Tilt : +/- 24°Beam Width (elevation/azimut): 4°/2.7°Radial Velocity Range : +/- 26 m/sDoppler Resolution (& High Resolution) : 0.2 m/s

(0.04m/s)Mechanical Scan Rate : 8°/s (sur 45° pour ORLY)Peak transmit power: ClassifiedData Link : RS232 (x2), RS432 (x2), EthernetRecording System : All range cellsexternal link Ethernet 20 Gb/s

PRF = 3348 HzF=9.6 GHz

Vamb = λ.PRF/2Vamb = 52.31 m/s

(+/-26 m/s)

λ=c/F=3.125 cm

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Thales Air Systems Division10

Radar Sensor Campaigns funded by THALES2006 : Paris Orly Airport (Runway Monitoring)

From Mode S site (500 m from runway)Wake Vortex Monitoring during departuresWeather conditions : Winter (clear air, rain)

2007 : Paris Orly Airport (Glide Path Monitoring)From Thales Limours Testbed TowerWake Vortex Monitoring during arrivals (Glide PathIntercept)Weather Conditions : Autumn (highly turbulent atmosphere)

2008 : Paris CDG Airport (CSPR Monitoring)From Kbis Tower co-localized with Eurocontrol Lidar (2 μm Windtracer)Wake Vortex Monitoring during arrivals/departures on Closely Spaced Parallel runwaysWeather Conditions : Summer (very hot, rain)

Orly 2006

Orly 2007

CDG 2008

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Thales Air Systems Division11

X-band Radar Sensor for Safety Case & Operational UseWake Vortex Monitoring in All Weather Conditions (light

to heavy rain, fog, turbulent atmosphere,…)Operational Use to track Wake Vortex (transport, decay, rebound) in extreme weather conditions :

Wind burst (wind under Cb, turbulent atmosphere, wind shear…)No Wind (foggy weather,…)

Use for « Safety Case » by Data Collection :Risks Assessment according to extreme wind conditions and no longer on mean wind conditionsNeed for Wake Vortex Data in exhaustive cases of airport climatology (good/bad weather)

Fast Monitoring of very large volume (radar scanning) with high update rate (e.g. : 8°/s with mechanical scanning of BOR-A radar)Highly sensitivity of Radar : monitoring of Wake Vortex for « medium » (high % of A320) aircrafts and not only « heavy / super heavy » (requested for traffic mix of « very light jets »)

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Thales Air Systems Division12

LIDAR & RADAR WAKE VORTEX DOPPLER SIGNATURE

AngularRadar resolution

Doppler radarsignature

Doppler Lidarsignature

LIDAR WAKE VORTEX DETECTION

Post-processingNeeded for Wind

Inversion detection

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ORLY Airport Radar Campaign 2006

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Thales Air Systems Division14

Radar (& Lidar Wind Profiler) Site at Paris Orly Airport

WLS7 LidarWind Profiler

THALESBORA-550

Radar

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Thales Air Systems Division15

Wake Vortex Detection in All weather Conditions

No Rain

Minimum Temperature 8 °

Maximum Temperature 14 °

Rain Rate 0 mmWind Speed 22 km/hWind Direction : South

Rain

Minimum Temperature 9 °

Maximum Temperature 12 °

Rain Rate 1.19 mmWind Speed 20 km/h

Wind Direction South-East

RCS of Medium Aircraft Wake Vortex : 0.01 m2 S/N ≈ 15 dB (Range = 600 m)

NO RAIN RAIN

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Thales Air Systems Division16

WAKE VORTEX PROFILING : RADAR DOPPLER ANALYSIS

Speed Variance of Rain can measure

EDR & TKE(air turbulence)

Time (s)

0 m/s

+/-26 m/s

0 m/s

Tangential SpeedVersus Radius

SpiralGeometry

Cross-Wind Speed

⎟⎠⎞

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21

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Thales Air Systems Division17

WAKE VORTEX PROFILING : WAKE VORTEX AGEPositive

Time/Dopplerslopes

ZeroTime/Doppler

slopes

NegativeTime/Doppler

slopesLow speedNegative

Time/Dopplerslopes

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Thales Air Systems Division18

Wake Vortex Detection in Clear Air at 7 Km

Recording conditions29th November '06

scanning modescan angle 45°scan rate 8°/slong transmit pulsedistance up to 7 kmwithout rain

Win

d

7000 m

45°

Line of sight

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Thales Air Systems Division19

Wake Vortex Circulation Computation

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Viii

dVVS

dVVSV

Wake Vortex Doppler Frequencies Extraction(Pre-Processing : CFAR on Doppler axis)

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Thales Air Systems Division20

Advanced Processing Chain: 3 PatentsDoppler & Image Processing

For Wake VortexMonitoring & Profiling

(Thales Patent 3)Regularized Autoregressive

Burg Algorithm(Thales Patent 1)

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Doppler Entropy Based onInformation Geometry

(Thales Patent 2)

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Wake Vortex Geometry

HR Autoregressive Doppler & EntropyImplemented in C language :

3 times faster than real time byuse of 4 Threads with Quadri-Core PC

CFAROn

frequency

Page 21: Wake Vortex X-band radar monitoring : Paris-CDG airport 2008

ORLY Airport / Limours Radar Campaign 2007

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Thales Air Systems Division22

Limours (site Thales) : September 2007

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Thales Air Systems Division23

Wake Vortex Monitoring In Glide Path Intercept

Vertical ScanningFrom Limours Tesbed

Tower (Orly Glide Path Intercept : Altitude 1500 m)

In Highly Turbulent Atmosphere !!

Wake VortexRollups Wake Vortex

Rollups

Page 24: Wake Vortex X-band radar monitoring : Paris-CDG airport 2008

CDG Airport Radar Campaign 2008

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Thales Air Systems Division25

Radar Sensor Deployment at CDG Airport

08L

08R

26L

26R

27L

27R

Horizontal Scanning

VerticalScanning

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Thales Air Systems Division26

Wake Vortex Detection based on Doppler Entropy Time

Range

26R Departure

West Configuration Procedure

Runway WV Detection : West Configuration Procedure

STARINGANTENNA

MODE

26L Arrival

Page 27: Wake Vortex X-band radar monitoring : Paris-CDG airport 2008

Thales Air Systems Division27

Wake Vortex transport by High cross-Wind

RangeCell n

RangeCell n-1

RangeCell n-2

RangeCell n-3

time

Range

Time

timeRC m

RC m-1

RC m-2

RC m-3

RC m-4

RC mRC m

RC m-5

RC m-6

STARINGANTENNA

MODE

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Thales Air Systems Division28

Wake Vortex transport by Cross-Wind

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Thales Air Systems Division29

Vortex Transport : Doppler AnalysisRNG 1 to 6 (6 x 40 m = 200 m)

rebound

Time

Range

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Thales Air Systems Division30

Vortex Transport : Doppler AnalysisRNG 3 and 4

Mature Vortex

Time

Range

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Thales Air Systems Division31

Vertical Scanning : East Configuration Procedure

Wake Vortex Roll-up(Arrival)

Image of High ResolutionDoppler Entropy

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Thales Air Systems Division32

Vertical Scanning : East Configuration Procedure

Image of High ResolutionDoppler Entropy

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Thales Air Systems Division33

Vertical Scanning : West configuration

Wake Vortex Roll-up(Departure)

Image of High ResolutionDoppler Entropy

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Thales Air Systems Division34

West Config. Procedure

WV Roll-ups Evolution : West Config. Procedure

Image of High ResolutionDoppler Entropy

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Thales Air Systems Division35

Wake Vortex Roll up

1rst Runway (Departure) 2nd Runway (Arrival)

Image of High ResolutionDoppler Entropy

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CDG Radar Campaign Data Exploitation

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Thales Air Systems Division37

Wake Vortex Position & Circulation (strength in m2/s) along runway

Position des vortex au cours du temps

1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

1700

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Numéro de balayage

Cas

e di

stan

ce

vortex 1 position

vortex 2 position

Circulation des vortex au cours du temps en m²/s

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

N uméro d e b a lay ag e

vo rtex1 circulatio nvo rtex2 circulatio n

5 s per scan (35 s)Position around 1500 m

Position des vortex au cours du temps

600

700800

9001000

11001200

1300

1 2 3 4 5 6

Numéro de balayage

Cas

e di

stan

ce

vortex 1 position

vortex 2 position

Circulation des vortex au cours du temps en m²/s

0

50

10 0

150

20 0

2 50

30 0

3 50

1 2 3 4 5 6

N uméro d e b a la ya g e

vo rtex1 circulat ionvo rtex2 circulat ion

5 s per scan (30 s)Position around 1000 m

With Cross-Wind Without Cross-Wind

WV roll-upsposition

WV roll-upsCirculation

WV roll-upsposition

WV roll-upsCirculation

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Thales Air Systems Division38

Occurrences of Wake Vortex Position versus Wind conditions

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Thales Air Systems Division39

Coordination with Eurocontrol & ADP

Debriefing meeting has been organized, 18th of July in Eurocontrol Bretigny, with persons in charge of Lidar exploitation to :

Present first exploitations of radar data recordsDefine File template (date, WV position, WV Circulation) to concatenate all results for benchmarking with Lidar

Debriefing meeting has been organized with ADP & DSNA , 25th of September, with G. Batistella, Guillaume Auquier & Jean Jezequel to:

Present first resultsThank ADP for their logistic support

First Excel File has been transmitted to Eurocontrol, the 7th of November & new results in DecemberExhaustive CDG Trials Exploitation is in progress :

Vertical Staring antenna & Vertical Scanning modeHorizontal Scanning

Page 40: Wake Vortex X-band radar monitoring : Paris-CDG airport 2008

CONCLUSION

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Thales Air Systems Division41

Thales Radar Trials SynthesisParis ORLY AIRPORT Campaign has proved that X-band ThalesBOR-A550 Radar can :

Detect Wake Vortex (RCS of 0.01 m2 on medium aircraft) :In all weather conditions (wet & dry at short range < 2 Km)In Staring & Scanning ModeIn real Time / Update Rate of 11 s on 90° scan sector

Localize Wake Vortexin range/azimuthWith resolution : 40 m x 1°

Characterize Wake Vortex by :Geometry (Spiral)Age (Young, mature, old, decaying)Strength : Circulation (m2/s)

Characterize ambient air (in Rain Conditions)Wind (based on Doppler & post-processing)Ambient Air Turbulence (EDR & TKE)

X-BAND BOR-A550 RADAR IS AVAILABLE & CAN BE DEPLOYED, AS SOON AS 2009, ON LARGE EUROPEAN AIRPORTS

(Paris CDG, London Heathrow, Francfort, …) for SESAR studies

Medium AircraftWake Vortex RCS

0.01 m2

(e.g. : Airbus A320)

Page 42: Wake Vortex X-band radar monitoring : Paris-CDG airport 2008

Thales Air Systems Division42

WV Predictor

Main Objective : Ground wake detection, tracking & alert

WIMS(in TMA)

Data Broadcast

Data Broadcast

Pilot

WV Alarm

Approach & TowerController

WV controller HMI

Ground RadarHorizontal/Vertical scanning

of Runways

Ground RadarVertical scanning

of Glide Path Intercept

Data-Link(WV Alerts)

Limours trials 2007

Orly trials 2006 & CDG 2008

crosswind

crosswind

Page 43: Wake Vortex X-band radar monitoring : Paris-CDG airport 2008

Thales Air Systems Division43

Complementarities of Radar/Lidar Sensors

Radar & Lidar are complementary sensors in all weather operationsTHALES has proved by derisking campaign (Paris Orly/CDG) that X-band Radar & Lidar are complementary for Wake Vortex Monitoring :

US Campaign has proved (Westheimer Aiport Campaign) that X-band & Lidar are compementary for Wind Monitoring

Presented at Wakenet USA 2008

Page 44: Wake Vortex X-band radar monitoring : Paris-CDG airport 2008

Thales Air Systems Division44

Acknowledgements

ADP (Paris Airport) Radar Team (Orly)Jean-Paul LecorreJean-Marc ReceveauDaniel DuongGilbert Herbulot

DSNAAndré SimonettiAlfred HarterJean Jezequel

Direction des Aires Aéronautiques (ADP CDG) : Gérard BatistellaGuillaume Auquier

Eurocontrol « Wake Vortex » Team :Andrew HarveyAntoine Vidal (visit during Orly 2006 Radar Trials)Vincent Treve (visit during Orly 2007 & CDG 2008 Radar Trials)Jean-Pierre Nicolaon (visit during Orly 2007 Radar Trials)

Page 45: Wake Vortex X-band radar monitoring : Paris-CDG airport 2008

Thank you for your attention

Leonardo Da Vinci


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