Warm Up: Monday, September 10th

• Happy Monday!

• Warm Up:– How does a person become famous? – How do they stay famous after their

death?

– Part II: name two places where you see the word “Caesar” in pop culture.

To Do:

• Tomorrow we will be doing a Freshman Orientation– Meet here; we will go to the room

together.

• Today we will be going over Julius Caesar!

• Shortened schedule!

Goals:

• Students will be able to:– Understand the events that led up to

the civil wars in Rome– Analyze the emergence of Julius Caesar

in power– Identify the events surrounding Julius

Caesar’s death and how it affected the world today

Julius Caesar

The Roman Republic Declines

• Rome plunged into a series of civil wars.

• For the next 50 years (80-31 B.C)

• The issue was who should hold power:– Senate, which

wanted to govern as it had in the past,

– Popular political leaders, who wanted to weaken the senate and enact reforms

Turmoil

• The turmoil sparked:– slave uprisings at

home– revolts among Rome’s

allies.

• The old legions of Roman citizen-soldiers became professional armies whose first loyalty was to their commanders.

Slaves as Enemies

Slave Revolts

Three Victorious Leaders

1.1. Crassus- richest Crassus- richest man in Romeman in Rome

2.2. Pompey- military Pompey- military victory in Spainvictory in Spain

3.3. Caesar- also hero Caesar- also hero from Spain from Spain

The First TriumvirateThe First Triumvirate

• Triumvirate(def)- a Triumvirate(def)- a government by three government by three people with equal powerpeople with equal power

• Crassus and Pompey Crassus and Pompey elected consuls in 70 B.C.elected consuls in 70 B.C.

• General Julius Caesar joins General Julius Caesar joins themthem– popular for his popular for his

conquests in Spain and conquests in Spain and Gaul convinces Crassus Gaul convinces Crassus and Pompey to and Pompey to reconcilereconcile

Enemies• Caesar elected Caesar elected

consul in 59 B.C. and consul in 59 B.C. and the Triumvirate the Triumvirate beginsbegins– Crassus dies in Crassus dies in

warwar– Pompey and Pompey and

Caesar become Caesar become enemiesenemies

Area of Influence

• Pompey- Command in Spain• Crassus- Command of Syria• Caesar- command in Gaul(modern France)

– He was extremely popular

And then there were two…

• Crassus dies in battle in 53. B.C. – Only Pompey and Caesar are left!– Senators fear Caesar’s popularity- want

Caesar to step down and Pompey to be the sole ruler

A New Civil WarA New Civil WarCaesar vs. PompeyCaesar vs. Pompey• Senate demands Caesar gives up legion and his Senate demands Caesar gives up legion and his

provinces (50 b.c.)provinces (50 b.c.)– Caesar marches his men across the Rubicon River Caesar marches his men across the Rubicon River

and into Rome (49 b.c.)and into Rome (49 b.c.)– Caesar defeats Pompey’s army in Greece;Caesar defeats Pompey’s army in Greece;

• Pompey is assassinated by the Egyptians (48 b.c.)Pompey is assassinated by the Egyptians (48 b.c.)

• He then swept around the Mediterranean, suppressing rebellions. “Veni, vidi, vici”—“I came, I saw, I conquered”—he announced after one victory.

Caesar Takes PowerCaesar Takes Power

• Returns to Rome and is Returns to Rome and is appointed Dictator for lifeappointed Dictator for life

• Dictator(def): absolute rulerDictator(def): absolute ruler

• This position was usually This position was usually temporary, except for temporary, except for emergenciesemergencies

Caesar in PowerCaesar in Power• Added 900 supporters Added 900 supporters

to Senate- mad the to Senate- mad the Senate weakerSenate weaker

• created jobs and land created jobs and land for the poorfor the poor

• expanded Roman expanded Roman citizenship to his citizenship to his supporterssupporters

• Julian Calendar (365 Julian Calendar (365 days) plus a leap yeardays) plus a leap year

• unpopular with the unpopular with the wealthy and Senate—wealthy and Senate—he is Assassinated! he is Assassinated!

Under Caesar’s Rule

The Ides of The Ides of MarchMarch

(March 15, 44 (March 15, 44 B.C.)B.C.)

• Caesar assassinated by the Senate (stabbed 23 times)

• Calpurnia warns him not to speak at Senate

• Gaius Cassius and Marcus Brutus behind the plan – They thought they could

restore the Republic– Civil War breaks out again

Vincenzo Camuccini, Death of Caesar, 1798

Activity:

• Julius Caesar article and questions

CSI Rome: Up Next