Cold War and ChinaCold War and China

End WWIIEnd WWII Europe:

Germany handled differently after WWII Potsdam Conference: Germany to be divided and

occupied by Allied powers USSR wants to rebuild economy using German resources US/UK want to de-Nazify Germany

Nuremberg Trials: Bring Nazis, collaborators to justice

End WWIIEnd WWII

Asia: Use of Atomic Bomb in Hiroshima, Nagasaki

ended war Emperor loses god-like status US occupies Japan, Gen. MacArthur oversees

writing of Japan’s constitution Japan demilitarized

Cold WarCold War

US use of atomic bombs leads to USSR to finish developing their own Arms Race: US & USSR begin amassing

arsenals of atomic weaponry Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) Nuclear Winter

What is a “Cold War?”What is a “Cold War?” A state of economic, diplomatic, and

ideological discord among nations without armed conflict after World War II.

But, no direct fighting (“hot war”) between superpowers

US encouraged to be active in fighting spread of Communism in Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech

Divergent StrategiesDivergent Strategies

US & USSR = New Superpowers US: Containment!

Keep Communism from spreading to other parts of world

Marshall Plan and Truman Doctrine: Provide $ support to bankrupt European countries that refuse Communism

USSR: Expansion! Use superpower status to achieve vision of worldwide

Communist revolution

Alliance SystemsAlliance Systems

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization): US and West European allies provide support to protect from Soviet aggression

Warsaw Pact: USSR and satellite states in Eastern Europe

Notable DramasNotable Dramas Berlin Airlift (1948):

USSR tried to squeeze out Allies from West Berlin Supplies flown in by cargo jets

U2 Incident (1960) US spy plane shot down over USSR US denied these flights were happening,

But, captured US pilot and plane wreckage said otherwise

Cuban Missile Crisis (1963): US found that USSR was shipping nuclear missiles to bases in

Fidel Castro’s Communist Cuba (90 mi from Florida) Almost led to war, but USSR “blinked”

Other Manifestations of Cold WarOther Manifestations of Cold War Civil War:

US-backed nationalists vs. Communists in Korea, Vietnam, China, Cuba

Support of Dictatorships: Samoza in Nicaragua, Pinochet in Chile, Mobutu in Zaire

Investment in Countries with Strategic Areas: Egypt- Suez Canal, Middle East, Turkey, Greece-

Bosporus/Dardanelles Conflict in Middle East:

US support of Shah in Iran, weapons to Iran & Iraq during Iran/Iraq War, Supporting fundamentalist Muslims against USSR

End of Cold WarEnd of Cold War

US outspent USSR on Defense! (Hooray Deficit Spending!)

Gorbachev attempted to reform USSR Perestroika: Restructure economy Glastnost: Speak openly to overhaul the

system Still, did not mean to eliminate Communism! But, it did!

ChinaChina

Civil War: Chiang kai-Shek (Jiang Jieshi) and the

Nationalists vs. Mao Zedong and the Communists

1949: Communists Won Supported and respected the Peasants Long March was major inspirational events

Mao’s PoliciesMao’s Policies

Think about Totalitarianism and Stalin:Great Leap Forward: Collectivized Farms Grassroots Steel Production “Permanent Revolution” elements 5-Year Plans Failed miserably - millions died

Mao’s PoliciesMao’s Policies

Cultural Revolution: Mao looked to get rid of “4 olds”

Destruction of anything “old” Young People (Red Guards) to carry it out Led China to near-anarchy Mao Died

Deng XiaopingDeng Xiaoping

Cleaned up Mao’s messes “To Get Rich is Glorious:” Encouraged

capitalism to get economy on track, but NO political reforms

Tiananmen Square (1989): Democracy protests crushed by government.

Cold War & China Practice QuestionsCold War & China Practice Questions

1. Who was the founder of Communist China?

a) Chiang kai-Shek

b) Jiang Jieshi

c) Mao Zedong

d) Deng Xiaoping

2. Which of the following was a Warsaw Pact Nation?

a) France

b) West Germany

c) Poland

d) Spain

3. Which of the following plans dealt with post-War Germany?

a) Truman Doctrine

b) Potsdam Conference

c) Marshall Plan

d) Berlin Airlift

4. Which of the following was a primary cause of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union?

a) A competition for political influence over other countries

b) Direct, armed conflict between the two nations

c) A deep reduction in military expenditures

d) The founding of the United Nations

5. US intervention in Vietnam came as a result the Cold War policy of

a) Détente

b) Brinkmanship

c) Appeasement

d) Containment

6. NATO was created in order toa) Develop goodwill between Eastern and Western

Europe

b) Encourage diplomatic solutions to regional problems in North Africa

c) Facilitate regional economic development in North America

d) Create a unified military defense between the US and Western Europe

7. Which of the following was China’s attempt to quickly industrialize?

a) Cultural Revolution

b) Great Leap Forward

c) Tiananmen Square

d) The Long March

8. Which of the following nations did NOT end up with a Communist government during the Cold War?

a) Korea

b) Vietnam

c) Cuba

d) Chile

9. Which Chinese religion/philosophy would most strongly encourage respect of parents?

a) Daoism

b) Buddhism

c) Confucianism

AnswersAnswers 1-c 2-c 3-b 4-a 5-d 6-d 7-b 8-d 9-c