1. Open Access Week (Oct 26, 2011)Open Content andComparative EducationalDevelopment Alfonso SintjagoUMN PhD StudentComparative and InternationalDevelopment Education

2. KnowledgeBy Mark Hill Flickr (Brick Wall) CC-BYBy Janine Nelson Flickr (Metal Bars) CC-BY 3. From The PersonalOnly Some Have AccessGrowth in Internet AccessTo Academic Journal Articles By Matsuyuki Flickr (Dice) CC-BY-SA (both) By DamienHR Flickr (Barrios de Caracas II) 4. DefinitionsMerriam-Webster.com College: A part of a university offering aspecialized group of courses Education: the knowledge and developmentresulting from an educational process Human: susceptible to or representative ofthe sympathies and frailties of human nature Development: the state of being developed 5. http://www.righttoresearch.org/ 6. Objectives of This Presentation Overview of Reconsidering Development Focus Group Data CEHD Graduate StudentPerspective on Open Access Discussion of Importance of OC and Paths toFollow 7. http://journal.ipid-umn.org/ejournal/show/1/_/3 8. History of Reconsidering Development The journal has published two issues (8 articles). They are expecting to receive submissions by Oct 31,2011. (Submissions exceeded expectations) The journal users a peer review system that is mostlytraditional (3 or 4 tiers). Students decided to create a system where scholarsfrom anywhere could publish. The journal is run by students but it has a generalaudience Organizers make extensive use of web tools forcommunication Pbworks, Skype. Knowledge is seen as a dynamic entity. 9. How is RD Open? Anyone Can Access Redefining Access Anyone Can Contribute Redefining Knowledge Construction 10. Finances Obtained a significant grant They do not want to include ads Will perhaps link to Amazon books Web hosting 7 dollars a month Most labor is by volunteers Concerns from faculty about theirsustainability if they because Open Access 11. Casey Stafford What is the Value of Knowledge Knowledge is valuable but it should be free RD is helping to translate knowledge. We helptranslating a paper and make it academic. If you are going to have that philosophy you haveto be open access. 12. Tryggvi Thayer There are some things that we dont feel we should payfor. If there is resistance to expectations, then individualswork themselves around those who resist the change,and those that resist become irrelevant. OSS uses concurrent versioning systemsThis is usedby newcomers use a learning tool CVS made perfectsense to me Today there is so much stuff out there A reason for creating an open access journal is notsimply to increase the readership but also so that theinformation within it stays dynamic. 13. Methodology Reconsidering Development Interviews Two founding members of an Open Access Journal Focus Groups (4 Focus Groups) (Krueger and Casey, 2009) 3 Face to Face CEHD Graduate Students 1 Online Focus Group Goal To Reach a Saturation Point 14. A Few Terms Free Culture Open Access Open Source Software Open Data Open Education Resources Open Content Open Course Ware 15. ? CEHDGraduate Studentopinions. 16. Open What do you think those terms mean? if stuff is openly available then it would get reused. The journal would be available from a computer and a mobile phone. We wanted people to be able to access it from anywhere. With a broader audience you will have more feedback.. With that feedback you can improve your research Helping individuals who are not academics to publish Distinction between open education and open access to me its all about access I can access it anywhere. Ability to be a knowledge dispenser, as well as a knowledge receiver Some sort of transparency in the knowledge development process 17. Influence To what extent is the ability to access information freelyon the internet influencing the type of information youconsume? (not at all, some (little), a lot, a great deal)? The article said exactly what I wanted to know but I had to redesign my project. Looking for research for my plan b topic I found an article and couldnt access it Students usually make do with whatever they have because there may be a deadline without my UMN sign in, I would not be able to do the research. If I cant access the information then I will shift my research slightly If they require subscription, I dont even bother examining them 18. Access To what extent is the lack of access to information aproblem? (not at all, some (little), a lot, a great deal)? We [at UMN] have more access than smaller schools I get very frustrated when I try to access something from off-site and [because of access problems] it sucks up the twenty minutes that I had Most of the time I find something else [to use for my research], no big deal. They can read more authors, more studies. Whatever they needed. If it is open available The more you have, the more difficult it is to sort things out. The majority of the HE journals are subscription-based. The Chronicle of Higher Education is also subscription only. I would find one of my friends and use their log in. 19. Outside Academia What is the impact of Open Access Journals outside academia? My dad was able to find a lot of stuff online. I know that he wasable to find. If something was not there it would have beenfrustrating. You do whatever you can. But if you get a hold of one article or twothat are very good for your students, ah you share An articlebecomes a very valuable thing that you have to share with thestudents in the class. I think it can be very helpful for those organizations (non-profit).Having access to current research can be very important. It would be received with gratefulness. They have a small budgetand staff, and they have a lot of things to do, and they may not betrained in the academic area of that topic. There are electronic boards where people post asking for thepapers that they want. Its a black market open access. When I wasback in china... there is no way that you can pay for them. 20. Outside Academia Continuation What is a priority.. the access to information tosatisfy my curiosity or obey the laws of theeconomy, of money, and ethics. I dont really careabout these laws when I am thinking of mycuriosity... to access knowledge. Specially whenyou think of people who dont have access, andare not affiliated with any formal institutionsespecially outside of the states. Long term,open access is definitely for the wholeadvancement of humanity. Thats the long termchoice. 21. Generational To what extent do you think there is a generationaldifference in the support for openness, and open accessjournals? I remember one of my professors saying, open access articles are not reliable so be careful. I wonder if todays kids who known the internet the entire life are going to put up with this structure. I think it just depends on who is around you. Who is pushing you to do it where. A lot of professors do not know about open access stuff. I been to workshops that are taking about publishing in the humanities and social sciences and people who were presenting were asked well what about open access, and the presenter said you cant do that, you have to publish traditionally, you have to sign away all of your copy right. 22. Sustainability To what extent do you consider Open Access Journalsto be sustainable? What do you think needs tohappen for them to be sustainable? Maybe there is a transition where your readership will increase ten times and 1% donates something, and mixed with another business model, you can sustain it. Can you sustain a system where everyone asks for 5 dollars? Money has to come from somewhere. If they are not securing the funding through subscription, they have to find it somewhere else. The funding is going to have to shift from subscription and its going to have to come from somewhere. The transaction is going to have to happen between somebody. 23. Voices Journals that are run by big organizations, like theUN or the World Bank, they give access. But inthe process to me is that you have one view ofthings. Is a good way to guiding you intosomething. You cant be very critical because youdont know what others have said on it. You dont know what others have said. OpenAccess is an advantage to propagating an agenda. But I think there would actually be people, whomight know what you are talking about and mightactually read it.By Riza Nugraha Flickr CC-BY (Kuta Beach People) 24. Public vs. Private Is there a difference between privatelysponsored research and publically sponsoredresearch in terms of access by the public? form personal experience, I think the medical field isdoing a good job about it and it should be as open aspossible. In terms of access should anything be private? Is there anything that shouldnt be public It only makes sense that if the taxpayers paid for theresearch, then it should be available. But if it isprivate they would have more freedom to choosewhether they want to or not. 25. Quality To what extent do you feel openness increases the quality ofscholarship? (strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree, stronglydisagree) Found an older article that I found, but as I was readingthrough, it seemed that it had not been accuratelytranslated. If everybody was doing it, then there would be a qualitycontrol. You want your stuff to look good anyway. I heard of other open access journals that have the samemultiple line reviewers. If its open access, will structures be put in place thatensure the validity, reliability, and integrity of the material?Can you be open access and peer-reviewed at the sametime? There a lot of [open] sites but the credibility is an issue. Ithink the main journals in my field are all subscription 26. Moral Obligation To what extent do you feel opening or increasing access toinformation is a moral obligation for educators, for theCEHD? We have to keep our secrets about teaching and learning nobody can know Access to education and knowledge should be a basic human right. Information piracy sometimes is warranted because we all have a responsibility to serve the common good. If people feel that they need to follow unethical avenues, then we need to restructure the way information is accessed. Information piracy is a social ill not an individual ill. We need to make it possible for anyone who is seeking information to do so ethically reworking the way we think Academic institution, human, we have a moral obligation to connect with each other and tell our stories. 27. Innovation To what extent do you think open access encouragesor discourages innovation? Everything should be there. You see, we are doing something funny, we are trying to discover really good things, but then we put them in a box and lock them up. There are very wonderful things that havent been read. I tried to access this article, and could access it. I thought this guy did a very good job, but what does that mean, I just forget it. I cant pay the 39 dollars. I think it would increase competition maybe.. they may want to create a business out of windmills. Thats apparently what businesses want, more competition. If authors arent innovative (and if publishers arent innovative), readers will gravitate to other authors/publishers 28. Future Projecting yourself two, five and ten years into the futurewhat role do you see open access playing for academiaand society? [natural] sciences are leading the movement, humanities are way behind. Overtime there will be quality. How are other journals doing it. I just dont know but its doable if everyone is invested in it, there would be a quality control. You want your stuff to look good anyway. Academia is notoriously slow. I just did a presentation for one of my courses and I used three articles from that journal alone (IRRODL) Open access will develop layers some layers are important to be accessible to all. Some part of it will need to be complex. 29. Choices Which one of these three journals would you choose as the site throughwhich to submit your article and what are some of the reasons youwould chose this journal (please indicate what would be the mostimportant aspect in making this decision)? I probably chose the last one, because I am doing a PhD, there is a pressure When we are looking for a job... Maybe after 10, 20 years of being a professor then I can do that because I wouldnt not care then I can just share ideas. Top thing is creating a strong professional image. making a name for myself in the academy. A hierarchy of journal prestige always exists. Researchers are always trying to get their articles accepted by the most prestigious journal they can. I would look at whatever is usually being done in that area. As sad as it sound, if the procedures are pretty well established then everyone has to go through it and I would publish were other publish. in the end because I would like to support the open access movement (and potentially have more people read my work The first consideration is going to be about quality, journal or site. 30. Impact Publishing has become a central question inmy career decision. I can choose to stop andfind a job or go into a PhD track. I hate to saythis, but when I look at the reward structure,its a game to me. My choice could be to ditcha system of doing work to publish somethingthat teachers are never going to see. 31. Copyright To what extent are you aware of who ownsthe copyright for an article that you publishand the authors right to retain copyright? Copyright is not a common discussion in graduateschool, perhaps in the sense of plagiarism. I definitely do not want to fully sign away mycopyright. 32. What Does This Mean for CEHD, UMNBy Andrew Bowden Flickr CC-BY- SA (All Roads Lead) 33. Openness isgrowing and it canhave a positiveimpact foracademia, butwithout the supportof faculty membersstudents areapprehensive aboutcontributing more tothe movement Flickr CC-BY-SA (All) Sarah Reid Thumbs Up Jason Rodgers Coins Ben+Sam W Change Flask 34. A Few StatsSOAP Symposium, Berlin - January, 2011 35. A Few StatsSOAP Symposium, Berlin - January, 2011 36. The Tower Meets The Cloud (Katz, 2010)Flickr CC-BY Tower - Amber de BruinFlickr CC BY Cloud Karin Dalziel 37. Digital = No Tragedy of Commons Do not lose their quality when replicated! Can be replicated an infinite number of times. How do we harness this capability for thebenefit of societyUMNMinnesotaUSAWorld 38. Greater Copyright Awareness Traditional Copyright What Does Creative Commons Allow For? CC-BY CC-BY-SA CC-BY-ND CC-BY-NC CC-BY-NC-ND-SA Any Other Combination 39. Open .. ClosedOpen Allows Access Closed Denies AccessAnd Perhaps Modification Or Perhaps Modification 4 Rs of OC - reuse, revise, remix, redistribute Flickr CC-BY John Martinez Pavliga - Openhttp://opencontent.org/definition/ 40. How do We Open Up? First By publishing in Open Access JournalsSecond By using the Creative Commons licenses undercertain circumstances. By joining the Open Courseware Movement Encourage the government to fund Open Research Along with many other possibilities! 41. Why Open! Because it decreases cost for students Because its a historical component of knowledgetransfer. Because it flattens access worldwide Because it can help establish an Open Meritocracy Because it accelerates innovation Because it goes in line with the mission or goal ofeducationThe University of Minnesota, founded in the belief that all people areenriched by understanding, is dedicated to the advancement of learning andthe search for truth; to the sharing of this knowledge through education for adiverse community; and to the application of this knowledge to benefit thepeople of the state, the nation, and the world.