Globalization and CultureCapitalism & Colonialism

Week 3September 13, 2017

Marks: Origins of the Modern WorldWhat is the overall goal of the book?

Marks: Origins of the Modern WorldWhat is the overall goal of the book?

to show how the current world system got put in place - the historical, economic, political, social forces that produced modern globalization

IntroductionWhat do we mean by Eurocentrism?

IntroductionWhat do we mean by Eurocentrism?● Idea that Europe is naturally superior● View of history that centers Europe

(pages 8-9)

IntroductionWhat do we mean by Eurocentrism?● Idea that Europe is naturally superior● View of history that centers Europe

(pages 8-9)

How does Origins of the Modern World challenge Eurocentrism?

Introduction

Conceptual Tools (pages 10-14)● historical contingency● accident● conjuncture

Chapter 1

What does Marks mean by biological old regime? (page 21)

Chapter 1

What does Marks mean by biological old regime? (page 21)

What were the results of the agricultural revolution (and why does Marks say some historians disagree with calling it a “revolution”)? (pages 24-26)

Chapter 1

What does it mean to describe the world pre-1800s as polycentric? (page 35)

And what, according to Marks, changed the polycentric nature of the globe?

Chapter 1

What does it mean to describe the world pre-1800s as polycentric? (page 35)

And what, according to Marks, changed the polycentric nature of the globe?

18th century European imperialism, resulting in a few centers (core) which colonized much of the globe (periphery).

Chapter 2

What were the nature and scope of Chinese trade in the 15th century? (pages 41-45)

What brought China’s sea voyages to an end?

Chapter 2

What were the nature and scope of Chinese trade in the 15th century? (pages 41-45)

What brought China’s sea voyages to an end?

Internal political battle resolved by focusing on protecting China from Mongols in the North, extending the Great Wall (pages 44-45).

Chapter 2

What does dar al-Islam describe? (page 52)

Chapter 2

What does dar al-Islam describe? (page 52)

the “home of Islam”: places where Islam is practiced and educated people spoke or wrote Arabic, the language of the Quran.

Chapter 2

How was the spread of Islam significant for world history at this time?

Chapter 2

How was the spread of Islam significant for world history at this time?

It helped create common culture and language, and cut Europe off from the Indian Ocean, leading in part to Europe’s “dark ages.” (page 53)

Chapter 2

What was a common source of wealth on the African continent, and how did this wind up being significant? (pages 57-58)

What was a common source of wealth in Europe during this time?

Chapter 2

What was the nature and significance of warfare in Europe in the period of 1000 to 1500? (page 60)

Chapter 2

What was the nature and significance of warfare in Europe in the period of 1000 to 1500? (page 60)

● Wars were constant● Warfare drove European states to a

common form

Chapter 2

What was the nature and significance of warfare in Europe in the period of 1000 to 1500? (page 60)

● Wars were constant● Warfare drove European states to a

common form○ territorial-based○ towns and cities to generate wealth○ population large enough to sustain armies

Chapter 2

What did Portugal introduce to sea-trade that changed it forever? (pages 61-64)

Chapter 3

From 1500 to 1800, empires flourished across the globe.

● What does the term sovereignty mean?● How did empires administer their rule?

(page 72)

Chapter 3

Empires of the Americas● Aztec (page 72)● Inca (page 74)

Spanish Empire (pages 77-81)● What killed off most of the people

conquered by Spanish empire?● Why did the Spanish empire not maintain

and build its wealth?

Chapter 3

What factors facilitated the growth of the European “New World” sugar economy?(pages 83-86)

Chapter 3

Nation-state system● emerges out this time period● related to demands and effects of warfare

○ wars result in consolidation - fewer states○ infrastructure for tax collection○ assemblies for negotiating with wealthy landowners○ concept of “national debt”

Chapter 3

Nation-state system● emerges out this time period● related to demands and effects of warfare

○ wars result in consolidation - fewer states○ infrastructure for tax collection○ assemblies for negotiating with wealthy landowners○ concept of “national debt”

● England & France emerge as power centers from these connected process of warfare and state-building (pages 86-90)

French Revolution

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens (1789) states, "The source of all sovereignty residesessentially in the nation."

What does nation meanhere and what is thesignificance of this?

New Political FormationsThe French Revolution helps establish the modern notion of the nation-state, which connects three things:

the state (government)the nation (citizenry)the land (territory)

And they are connected in a Constitutional framework.

Megasporting Events and Global Inequality

The Price of the World Cup