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Celebrating Black History Month 2013
More to explore: www.africanamericanhistorymonth.gov/
There was once a time here in the United States of
America…
when people were sold as property.
To be sold. . .a cargo of 170 prime young likely healthy Guinea slaves. Savannah, July 25, 1774. Copyprintof a broadside. Prints and Photographs Division. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-16876 (1-2)
$200 Reward. Ranaway from the subscriber . . . Five Negro Slaves. Broadside. 1847. Rare Book and Special Collections Division. (1-16)
July 4, 1776The Declaration of Independence
was adopted…
but a section denouncing the slave trade was deleted.
Bennett, Lerone, Jr. Before the Mayflower: A History of Black America (Chicago: Johnson Publishing, 1987), 446.
Not everyone agreed with slavery…
there were appeals, rebellions, mutinies…
The Confessions of Nat Turner, the Leader of the Late Insurrection in Southampton, Virginia . . ., Richmond: Thomas R. Gray, 1832. Rare Book and Special Collections Division. (1-8)
An Account of Some of the Principal Slave Insurrections . . . . Compiled by Joshua Coffin.New York: The American Anti-slavery Society, 1860. Rare Book and Special Collections Division. (1-19)
There were also abolitionists and the
Underground Railroad …
"Outrage," February 2, 1837 Handbill Rare Book and Special Collections Division (41)
The Slave's Friend, Volume II, p. 3 New York: American Anti-Slavery Society, 1836 Rare Book and Special Collections Division (37)
Sojourner Truth. Carte de visite (seated), 1864.Gladstone Collection, Prints and Photographs Division. Reproduction Number: LC-USZC4-6165 (3-11b)
Sarah H. Bradford. Harriet, the Moses of Her People.New York: J. J. Little & Co., 1901. Susan B. Anthony Collection, Rare Book and Special Collections Division. (3-21)
Finally…January 1, 1863
2 years into the American Civil War…
LC-DIG-pga-02797, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division
Photograph copy of President Abraham Lincoln's draft of the final Emancipation Proclamation, January 1, 1863. Original destroyed in the Chicago fire of 1871. The Robert Todd Lincoln Family Papers, Manuscript Division. Pages 1-2. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/alhtml/almtime.html
Photograph copy of President Abraham Lincoln's draft of the final Emancipation Proclamation, January 1, 1863. Original destroyed in the Chicago fire of 1871. The Robert Todd Lincoln Family Papers, Manuscript Division. Pages 3-4. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/alhtml/almtime.html
“the first step on the part of the nation in its departure from the thraldom of the ages.“
Frederick Douglass
“The trenchant observation by Douglass that the Emancipation Proclamation was but the first step could not have been more accurate. Although the Presidential decree would not free slaves in areas where the United States could not enforce the Proclamation, it sent a mighty signal both to the slaves and to the Confederacy that enslavement would no longer be tolerated.”
John Hope Franklin
Perspectives on The Emancipation Proclamation
Excerpts from: Franklin, John Hope, “The Emancipation Proclamation, An Act of Justice,” Prologue Magazine, 25.2, Summer 1993, http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1993/summer/emancipation-proclamation.html
But the Emancipation Proclamation did not free
the slaves…
that took 2 more years.
December 18, 1865
Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery
Bennett, Lerone, Jr. Before the Mayflower: A History of Black America (Chicago: Johnson Publishing, 1987), 475.
Thomas Nast. Emancipation. Philadelphia: S. Bott, 1865. Wood engraving. Prints and Photographs Division. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-2573 (5-9)
After 12 years of progress during Reconstruction …
racism was still rampant.
“Jim Crow” and Segregation vs.
Anti-Lynching Campaigns and Sit-ins
“A terrible blot on American civilization. 3424 lynchings in 33 years ... Prepared by the Committee on public affairs The Inter-fraternal council. Issued by District of Columbia anti-lynching committee North eastern federation of Colored women's,” Washington, 1922, Library of Congress Printed Ephemera Collection; Portfolio 208, Folder 36.
“Outrage! [from newspaper],” Union 12, no. 49 (12/14/1918): 01, Newspaper Roll #8847.
George W. McLaurin, 1948. Gelatin silver print. Visual Materials from the NAACP Records, Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress (47) Digital ID# cph 3c16927 Courtesy of the NAACP
Woman fingerprinted. Mrs. Rosa Parks, Negro seamstress, whose refusal to move to the back of a bus touched off the bus boycott in Montgomery, Ala. New York World-Telegram & Sun Collection. 1956. Prints & Photographs Division. Reproduction Number: LC-USZ62-109643
Illustration of bus where Rosa Parks sat, December 1, 1955. Civil Case 1147. Browder, et al v. Gayle, et. al; U.S. District Court for Middle District of Alabama, Northern (Montgomery) DivisionRecord Group 21: Records of the District Court of the United States National Archives and Records Administration-Southeast Region, East Point, GA. ARC Identifier 596069
Rosa Parks rode at the front of a Montgomery, Alabama, bus on the day the Supreme Court's ban on segregation of the city's buses took effect. A year earlier, she had been arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a bus. http://www.ushistory.org/us/54b.asp
Agitators attack a sit-in demonstrator in downtown Nashville, February 27, 1960. Photo by Vic Cooley, Nashville Banner.
The Civil Rights Collection of the Nashville Public Library (http://www.library.nashville.org/civilrights/photos.htm)
100 years after the Emancipation Proclamation…
It is 1963 and just under 10 years into the Civil Rights Movement.
“Until justice is blind, until education is unaware of race, until opportunity is unconcerned with the color of men's skins, emancipation will be a proclamation but not a fact.”
Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson
“Surely, in 1963, 100 years after emancipation, it should not be necessary for any American citizen to demonstrate in the streets for an opportunity to stop at a hotel, or eat at a lunch counter . . . on the same terms as any other customer.”
President John F. Kennedy
Excerpts from: Franklin, John Hope, “The Emancipation Proclamation, An Act of Justice,” Prologue Magazine, 25.2, Summer 1993, http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1993/summer/emancipation-proclamation.html
But it was necessary…
Demonstration on Church Street at a site of present Nashville Public Library. Photo by J.T. Phillips, The Tennessean.
The Civil Rights Collection of the Nashville Public Library (http://www.library.nashville.org/civilrights/photos.htm)
Civil rights leaders Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., (front row, second from left), A. Philip Randolph (front row, far right), and Roy Wilkins (front row, second from right) lead the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 28, 1963.National Archives, Records of the U.S. Information Agency (http://www.digitalvaults.org/record/289.html)
March on Washington , August 28, 1963.
Miscellaneous Subjects, Staff and Stringer Photographs, National Archives, Records of the U.S. Information Agency, Record Group 306 (ARC ID 542045), http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/documented-rights/exhibit/section4/
“I Have A Dream” Speech, March on Washington, August 28, 1963.
U.S. News and World Report Photograph Collection, Prints and Photographs Division. Reproduction Number: LC-U9-10360-23 (9-13), http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/odyssey/archive/09/0913001r.jpg
“Five score years ago, a great American, … signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree … came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.
… But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free.”
August 28, 1963, “I Have A Dream”
Copyright 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr. Excerpts from National Archives and Records Administration: http://www.archives.gov/press/exhibits/dream-speech.pdf
“I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: „We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.‟
I have a dream that one day, … little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. … let freedom ring!”
Copyright 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr. Excerpts from National Archives and Records Administration: http://www.archives.gov/press/exhibits/dream-speech.pdf
August 28, 1963, “I Have A Dream”
READ the full text at the National Archives and Records
Administration: http://www.archives.gov/press/exhibits/dream-speech.pdf
LISTEN to the speech at the Internet Archive: http://archive.org/details/MLKDream
WATCH the speech at Huffington Post: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/16/i-have-a-dream-speech-text-martin-luther-king-jr_n_1207734.html
Purchase the video at TheKingCenter.org or Amazon.com.
August 28, 1963, “I Have A Dream”
“The law itself is no longer an obstruction to justice and equality, but it is the people who live under the law who are themselves an obvious obstruction to justice. One can only hope that sooner rather than later we can all find the courage to live under the spirit of the Emancipation Proclamation and under the laws that flowed from its inspiration.”
John Hope Franklin
Perspectives on Modern Freedom
Excerpts from: Franklin, John Hope, “The Emancipation Proclamation, An Act of Justice,” Prologue Magazine, 25.2, Summer 1993, http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1993/summer/emancipation-proclamation.html
150 years after the EMANCIPATION
PROCLAMATION…
50 years after the MARCH ON
WASHINGTON…
And now in 2013,
Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts administers the oath of office to President Barack Obama during the official swearing-in ceremony in the Blue Room of the White House on Inauguration Day, Sunday, Jan. 20, 2013. First Lady Michelle Obama, holding the Robinson family Bible, and daughters
Malia and Sasha stand with the President. (Official White House Photo by Lawrence Jackson)
http://www.whitehouse.gov/photos-and-video/photogallery/inauguration-president-barack-obama-and-vice-president-joe-biden
January 21, 2013
The SECOND Presidential Inauguration
of Barack H. Obama
The first African American U.S. President
Elected for a second term, the maximum term length for any modern President
President Barack Obama
Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts administers the oath of office to President Barack Obama during the inaugural swearing-in ceremony at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., Jan. 21, 2013. First Lady Michelle Obama holds a Bible that belonged to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and the Lincoln Bible, which was used at President Obama‟s 2009 inaugural ceremony. Daughters Malia and Sasha stand with their parents. (Official White House Photo by Sonya N. Hebert)
http://www.whitehouse.gov/photos-and-video/photogallery/inauguration-president-barack-obama-and-vice-president-joe-biden
“We, the people, declare today that the most evident of truths –- that all of us are created equal –- is the star that guides us still; just as it guided our forebears through Seneca Falls, and Selma, and Stonewall; just as it guided all those men and women, sung and unsung, who left footprints along this great Mall, to hear a preacher say that we cannot walk alone; to hear a King proclaim that our individual freedom is inextricably bound to the freedom of every soul on Earth.”
Excerpts from the 2013 Inaugural Address: http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/01/21/inaugural-address-president-barack-obama
President Barack Obama‟s Inaugural Address
“It is now our generation‟s task to carry on what those pioneers began …to make these words, these rights, these values of life and liberty and the pursuit of happiness real for every American.”
Excerpts from the 2013 Inaugural Address: http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/01/21/inaugural-address-president-barack-obama
President Barack Obama‟s Inaugural Address
WATCH or READ the entire address at the White House website: http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/inaugural-address/
President Barack Obama‟s Inaugural Address
African American Digital Collections:
Are you interested in reading more or browsing images?
Follow the links or search the terms.
Emancipation Proclamation: www.archives/gov/exhibits/featured_documents/emancipation_proclamation
Documented Rights: http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/documented-rights/
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)
(image from website)
From Slavery to Freedom, The African-American Pamphlet
Collection: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aapchtml/aapchome.html
African American Odyssey: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aointro.html
Library of Congress American Memory Project
(image from website)
Civil Rights Digital Library: http://crdl.usg.edu/
A virtual library including but not limited to videos, images, and documents, on the Civil
Rights Movement that connects related digital collections on a
national scale.
(image from website)
Martin Luther King, Jr. Digital Archive:
www.thekingcenter.org/archive
“The King Center Imaging Project brings the works and papers of Dr.
Martin Luther King, Jr. to a digital
generation.” Guenther Jacobs from Germany sends Dr. King a photo for him to autograph. (image from website)
Andrew Johnson and Emancipation:
http://www.nps.gov/anjo/historyculture/johnson-and-tn-emancipation.htm
Civil Rights Museum, Memphis, TN (some images available online): http://www.civilrightsmuseum.org/
Meanwhile, in Tennessee
The Civil Rights Movement in Nashville: http://www.library.nashville.org/civilrights/home.html
Nashville Public Library
(image from website)
Newly expanded online exhibit:
http://tn.gov/tsla/exhibits/blackhistory/index.htm
Tennessee State Library and Archives
(image from website)
Celebrate!
Black History Month 2013Nashville, Tennessee
The Civil Rights Collection is displayed on the 2nd
floor of the Main branch.
Celebrate Black History Month 2013:Nashville Public Library exhibit
The Civil War and Reconstruction
Permanent exhibit
Discovering the Civil War
Opens February 12
(Free admission)
Celebrate Black History Month 2013:Tennessee State Museum exhibits
Emancipation Proclamation viewing
February 12-15, 9:00am – 7:00pm
February 16-18, 10:00am – 8:00pm
Admission is free, but reservations are suggested
Call 615-782-4040 or go to www.tpac.org
13th Amendment on display until August 2013
Celebrate Black History Month 2013:Tennessee State Museum exhibits
4:30pm Evolution of Hip Hop Dance @ Southeast branch library
Celebrate Black History Month 2013: Tuesday, February 5
10:00am Hip Hop with Onya Williams @ North branch library
3:30pm Hip Hop with Onya Williams @ Watkins Park branch library
Celebrate Black History Month 2013: Wednesday, February 6
4:00pm Trivia Contest @ Hadley Park branch
library
6:00pm A Celebration of Music & Culture @ The Hermitage
6:00pm The March on Washington: Revisited @ Bellevue branch library
7:00pm Researching your African American Roots @ Richland Park branch library
Celebrate Black History Month 2013: Thursday, February 7
8:00am – 4:30pm Nashville Conference on African American History and Culture @ TSU Avon-Williams campus
7:30pm Fisk Jubilee Singers Benefit Concert @ Studio Gallery at Fontanel Mansion
Celebrate Black History Month 2013: Friday, February 8
11:00am Hymnology in The Black Church @ North branch library
Celebrate Black History Month 2013: Saturday, February 9
10:00am “American Experience: Freedom Riders” PBS documentary @ Hadley Park branch library
3:30pm “A Raisin in the Sun” @ East branch library
Celebrate Black History Month 2013: Tuesday, February 12
7:00pm TSU Wind Ensemble Black History Concert @ TSU Performing Arts Center Cox/Lewis Theatre and Music Hall
Celebrate Black History Month 2013: Wednesday, February 13
4:00pm Trivia Contest @ Hadley Park branch library
4:00pm Malcolm X: Life, Faith and Mission @ Watkins Park branch library
Celebrate Black History Month 2013: Thursday, February 14
1:00pm “Emancipation and the Meaning of Freedom” panel discussion @ The Hermitage
2:00pm “The Color Purple” @ Green Hills branch library
2:00pm “Our Friend Martin” @ Hadley Park branch library
2:00pm Celebrating African American Achievements @ Hermitage branch library
Celebrate Black History Month 2013: Saturday, February 16
10:00am African American Ancestry Search @ Madison branch library
4:00pm Trivia Contest @ Hadley Park branch library
Celebrate Black History Month 2013: Thursday, February 21
10:00am African American Genealogy Workshop @ Looby branch library
1:00pm Honoring The Hermitage‟s Enslaved Community @ The Hermitage
Celebrate Black History Month 2013: Saturday, February 23
10:00am “Let Freedom Sing: How Music Inspired the Civil Rights Movement” @ Hadley Park branch library
4:00pm Racism in America: Reality or Illusion? @ Watkins Park branch library
4:00pm How To: Ancestry Library Edition, Finding Your African American Ancestors @ Bordeaux branch library
Celebrate Black History Month 2013: Wednesday, February 27
4:00pm Trivia Contest @ Hadley Park branch library
Celebrate Black History Month 2013: Thursday, February 28
Celebrate Black History Month at Vanderbilt:
http://sitemason.vanderbilt.edu/myvu/news/2010/02/02/celebrate-black-history-month-at-vanderbilt.105999
Visit Music City: http://www.visitmusiccity.com/visitors/events/blackhistorymonth
More links at News 2: http://www.wkrn.com/global/Category.asp?c=160607
Check out these websites for other events around town
"Come by Here," performed by Ethel Best, 1936:
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.ihas.200197362/default.html
"Jesus is My Only Friend," performed by Bessie Shaw, 1926: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.ihas.200196564/default.html
Martin Luther King, Jr.‟s “I Have a Dream” speech: http://archive.org/details/MLKDream
President Obama‟s Second Inaugural Address: http://www.npr.org/2013/01/21/169903155/transcript-barack-obamas-second-inaugural-address
"Rock in My Soul," performed by Rich Brown, 1940: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/diglib/ihas/loc.natlib.ihas.200197579/default.html
"Strange Fruit,“ performed by Billie Holiday: http://archive.org/details/BillieHoliday-StrangeFruit
"We Shall Overcome,“ performed by Mahalia Jackson: http://www.cbcpp.com/202mp3/weshallovercome.mp3
Music and Speeches:
Presentation by: Amanda J. Carter
