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The Development of the Greek City- States •Independent city-states developed in Greece as the Hellenic age began. •City-states grew out of earlier village that had been built on mountains and scattered islands. •The arrangement of the geography of Greece encouraged the development of small and separated communities.

Athens vs Sparta ~ city states general

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Page 1: Athens vs Sparta ~ city states general

The Development of the Greek City-

States•Independent city-states developed in Greece as the Hellenic age began.

•City-states grew out of earlier village that had been built on mountains and scattered islands.

•The arrangement of the geography of Greece encouraged the development of small and separated communities.

Page 2: Athens vs Sparta ~ city states general

Athens and Sparta

• Independent communities

Qualities of the City-States:

•Had forts on hills and mountaintops built for protection•City states are also called Polis

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Laconia & Attica

Athens vs Sparta ~ Greek city-states

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MILITARY • The Spartan warrior

was the most feared soldier in Greece

• The Athenian trireme allowed the navy to protect the Athenian way of life

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Social structureATHENS

FREEMENARISTOCRATSSMALL FARMERSURBAN CRAFTSMEN &

TRIREME ROWERSMETICS – CAME

FROM OUTSIDE ATHENS; NOT ALLOWED TO OWN LAND

SLAVES – LOWEST CLASS, NO RIGHTS, PROPERTY OF MASTERS

SPARTASPARTIATES –

MILITARY PROFESSIONALS/ CITIZENS

OUTSIDERS – FREEMEN; ARTISANS, CRAFTSMEN, MERCHANTS

HELOTS – CONQUERED PEOPLES; TREATED LIKE SLAVES; OWED 50% OF PRODUCE TO SPARTIATES

Page 7: Athens vs Sparta ~ city states general

Women’s roles• Athenian:

– sequestered in the home

– not educated– responsible for

handicrafts and textiles

• Spartan: – Controlled home and

land when husbands were fighting

– “Come back with your shield, or on it.”

Page 8: Athens vs Sparta ~ city states general

EDUCATIONATHENS

– No formal education for girls outside the home

– Boys learned rhetoric, mathematics, reading writing, poetry, music, gymnastics

SPARTA– Military school at age 7

for boys– Lived in barracks and

stole to survive– Girls learned athletics

Page 9: Athens vs Sparta ~ city states general

Athens and Sparta

Athens

Sparta

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The Polis is the center of Greek community life The ideal size of a Polis was about 5,000 male citizens, the only gender counted in official records Develops around forts The Greek city-states were small; the largest, Sparta, covered about 3,200 sq. miles Many city-states were smaller, and a few were larger. Athens, the largest in population, had about 35,000 male citizens in the middle of 500 BC. The rest of the population of 350,000 consisted of women, children, foreign residents and slaves

The Polis is the center of Greek community life The ideal size of a Polis was about 5,000 male citizens, the only gender counted in official records Develops around forts The Greek city-states were small; the largest, Sparta, covered about 3,200 sq. miles Many city-states were smaller, and a few were larger. Athens, the largest in population, had about 35,000 male citizens in the middle of 500 BC. The rest of the population of 350,000 consisted of women, children, foreign residents and slaves

Polis

Back to Athens and Sparta

Page 12: Athens vs Sparta ~ city states general

Sparta

Settled by Dorians who occupied part of the Southern Peninsula of Greece, the

Peloponnesus.800 BC- Spartans conquered nearby

regions and forced many of the people to work as farm-laborers, or Helots. Helots worked on for the Polis on the farms of

Sparta. Helots out numbered the Spartans by 10 to 1. The Spartans lived in constant fear of revolt so they established a strong

military government to maintain order.

Settled by Dorians who occupied part of the Southern Peninsula of Greece, the

Peloponnesus.800 BC- Spartans conquered nearby

regions and forced many of the people to work as farm-laborers, or Helots. Helots worked on for the Polis on the farms of

Sparta. Helots out numbered the Spartans by 10 to 1. The Spartans lived in constant fear of revolt so they established a strong

military government to maintain order.

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Aim of the Spartans

• To produce strong-bodied, fearless people every stage of a Spartan’s life is planned– Sickly babies were left to die– At the age of seven, a Spartan boy will be

moved into a military barracks– He will stay there until he turns thirty,

toughening his body, learning discipline and training for war

– Winter and summer he went barefoot and wore only a short tunic

– He learned to be brave and cunning and to endure pain. Spartan women also were trained in gymnastics and physical endurance

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After the War…

• Spartans were expected to marry, but the family was regarded as less important than the polis

• The polis gave each family land and helots to farm it

• Women had the responsibility of managing their farms and households

• Men of Sparta spent more time fighting or practicing military skills. They spent leisure time at a soldier’s club. Even after retiring at age of 60, Spartan men served the government or military schools of the polis

Back to Athens and Sparta

Page 15: Athens vs Sparta ~ city states general

SPARTA’S LEGACY• Military contributions• The Phalanx (shown in

the picture)• Training and fighting

styles• Plato viewed Sparta as

the first attempt at forming an “ideal” community

• Simple lifestyle– Laconic – of few words– Spartan – frugal,

simple, plain

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Athens

• The Athenians were great artists, play-wrights, poets and thinkers.

• Athens became the commercial & cultural center of Greece.

• Women were educated only in the skills needed to run a household.

• Athenians believed that man’s life was empty if he failed to use his mind and develop all his talents.

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• Athens took the head in the creation of democracy, which comes from a Greek word meaning “rule by the people”.

• They chose a group of officials known as archons to rule the polis.

• Archons tended to favor the upper class.• The merchants, artisans & farmers of

Athens began to protest against their (archons) rule.

The Athenians develop new ideas of government

Page 18: Athens vs Sparta ~ city states general

Athenians laws were written.

• In 621 B.C. an aristocrat named Draco drew up the first written code of laws for Athens.

• The laws were harsh, and Draco’s code did not change them.

• The archons who served as judges could interpret the laws as they pleased.

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Athenians Laws

• Solon makes political reforms• During this time, nobles owned most

farmlands and most of the farmers were in debt to them.

• The nobles were harsh people.• Some peasants who cannot pay their debts

either lost their lands or became slaves as a way of paying their debts.

• Even today harsh laws are called draconian law.

• The aristocrats passed the problem to a statesman, poet & merchant named Solon.

• He was regarded as a very wise and just person.

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• Given full power, Solon made many changes.

• He cancelled the debts of the poor, free those who were enslaved, and made slavery for debt illegal.

• He replaced many of Draco’s law.• Solon decreased the power of the nobles.• Athenian citizens were divided into four

classes and it was based on wealth and not on noble birth.

• This gave the chance for the three highest ranks and the four classes to hold power.

• Also the merchants were given the chance to have a say in the government.

• All male citizens could become a member of the assembly and the lawmaking body could serve on juries.Athen

s

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• To improve farmers prosperity, Solon encouraged them to grow new crops.

• Oil and wine were exported and Athens trade grew quickly.

• The young people were taught a skill or trade and granted Athenian citizenship to artisans from other cities.

• Athens's prosperity grew as other handicrafts were traded through the Mediterranean.

• The reforms didn’t satisfy the nobles or lower class but the assembly pledged to abide by them.

• Solon, himself, resigned his office and traveled abroad

Athens

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Pisistratus Promotes Cultural Life

• A politician named Pisistratus gained the support of the poor and was the firm ruler of Athens

• In ancient Greece, the sole ruler of a polis is called a tyrant– Tyrants used opposive measures

therefore developing the meaning of tyrant as a person who rules harshly

• Although a tyrant, he gave more land to farmers

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• Pisistratus also promoted Athenian culture life– He encouraged sculptors and painters

and sponsored drama festivals– He had Homer epics collected and

gave prices for public readings of them

– His promotion of the arts laid the foundation for Athens to become the cultural center of Greece.

Athens

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Cleisthenes

Credited with having established democracy in Athens, Cleisthenes'

reforms at the end of the 6th Century BC made possible the Golden Age of

Athenian civilization that would follow in the 5th Century BC. Born

into one of the city's foremost political dynasties, he became the

unlikely champion of the people when they rebelled against tyranny.

BACK

Page 25: Athens vs Sparta ~ city states general

Cleisthenes Established more Democratic Practices

• Cleisthenes headed the political party that opposes tyrants

• Cleisthenes reformed the political system and divided Athens into ten areas called demes (deemz)– Fifty men from each deme served as in an

Advisory Council– All male citizens could vote in the

assembly

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• Cleisthenes started a new practice, that required Athenians to point out and vote anyone they believed was a threat to Athens. If 6,000 votes were cast against a particular person, he was forced to leave Athens for 10 years

• They wrote the votes on a piece of broken pottery known as ostralum, this practice became known as ostracism– Few people were actually ostracized,

but the custom gave citizens more power

Athens

Page 27: Athens vs Sparta ~ city states general

Thanks for listening!

Athens

Page 28: Athens vs Sparta ~ city states general

SCARY!

Fearless!

STRONG!

Crazy!

POWERFUL!Unstoppable!

Wicked-sick!

owning!

Monster kill!God-like!

pretty!

BACK

Page 29: Athens vs Sparta ~ city states general

S

Polis

Back to Polis

Page 30: Athens vs Sparta ~ city states general

Athens – birthplace of Democracy

• Adult male citizens directly participated in affairs of the state

• Trial by a jury selected by lot

• Ostracism – people could be banished from Athens by vote

• Council of 500, the Assembly

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Athenian legacy – Philosophy, architecture,

drama, art

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1.Enumerate the qualities of a city-state?

2.Explain what is a Polis? 3.Make a table of

comparison between Sparta and Athens in terms of its government, culture, and daily activities

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• 1. It is know as the cradle of Western Civilization• 2. The blind poet who influenced Greek Religionand wrote the Iliad and The Odyssey.• 3-4. Known as the two heroes of Iliad.• 5. This civilization was named after the legendary King

Minos.• 6. Regarded as the illiterate people who moved to Southern Greece.• 7. Known as the Golden Age of Greek Civilization.• 8. Known as the most important Greek god, God of

Thunder.• 9. Known as the god of music, prophecy, medicine, and

rational thinking.• 10. Known as the goddess of love and beauty

Page 34: Athens vs Sparta ~ city states general

1. Aegean Sea

2. Homer3. Achilles 4. Hector5. Minoan6. Dorians7. Hellenic

8. Zeus9. Apollo

10. Aphrodite

• 1. It is know as the cradle of Western Civilization

• 2. The blind poet who influenced Greek Religion

and wrote the Iliad and The Odyssey.• 3-4. Known as the two heroes of Iliad.• 5. This civilization was named after the

legendary King Minos.• 6. Regarded as the illiterate people who

moved to Southern Greece.• 7. Known as the Golden Age of Greek

Civilization.• 8. Known as the most important Greek god,

God of Thunder.• 9. Known as the god of music, prophecy,

medicine, and rational thinking.• 10. Known as the goddess of love and beauty