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Changing Atmosphere Changing Atmosphere created by TeachPower.net

Atmosphere characteristics

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Page 1: Atmosphere characteristics

Changing AtmosphereChanging Atmosphere

created by TeachPower.net

Page 2: Atmosphere characteristics

Origin of the AtmosphereOrigin of the Atmosphere

•4.6 billion years ago the earth’s atmosphere was probably made of hydrogen and helium.

•Earth’s surface was covered in volcanoes and lakes of lava.–Volcanoes release large amounts of CO2, steam, and N2.

Page 3: Atmosphere characteristics

Origin of the Atmosphere Origin of the Atmosphere CONT’DCONT’D

• CO2 absorbs heat which warmed the atmosphere.

• When the volcanic activity subsided steam condensed to form– Clouds– Rivers and lakes

Page 4: Atmosphere characteristics

Today’s AtmosphereToday’s Atmosphere

•Today the atmosphere mostly consist of nitrogen and oxygen not hydrogen and CO2.

Page 5: Atmosphere characteristics

SmogSmog

•Because of the Industrial Age our atmosphere is consistently being filled with pollutants.

•When these pollutants accumulate in the upper atmosphere it creates a layer called smog.

Page 6: Atmosphere characteristics

Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse Effect

•CO2 and other gases absorb infrared radiation that enters from space and reflects from the ground.

•When this heat is trapped it warms the atmosphere – Greenhouse Effect.

Page 7: Atmosphere characteristics

Ozone DepletionOzone Depletion

•Ozone is the layer of air in the stratosphere that protects us from UV radiation.

•This layer is thinning slowly due to chemicals released into the air by styrofoam, air conditioners, aerosol cans called chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s).

Page 8: Atmosphere characteristics

Earth’s AtmosphereEarth’s Atmosphere

• Layer of air made up of a mixture of gases with some suspended solids and liquids.

• Other Gases: Argon, CO2, H2O

• Trace Gases: Ne, He, Methane, Kr, Xe, H, O3

• Other types of gases are smog, O3

Atmosphere

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Other Gases

Page 9: Atmosphere characteristics

Types of Solids & LiquidsTypes of Solids & Liquids

• Dust, salt, & ice– How do you think those 3 solids end up in the air?

• Water Vapor– Water is the only substance that appears in the

atmosphere in all 3 states (solid, liquid, and gas)

Page 10: Atmosphere characteristics

Structure of the AtmosphereStructure of the Atmosphere

• Troposphere – weather, clouds, and smog occur in this layer. “Tropos” means “changing” in Greek/Latin. At the top of the temp. is about –76 ºF.

• Stratosphere – O3 (Ozone) layer keeps harmful levels of UV radiation from reaching earth’s surface. “Stratos” means “layer” .

• Mesosphere – meteors burn up in this layer. “Mesos” means “middle”. Temp. here is about –130 ºF.

• Thermosphere – extends out into space with no definite outer limit.

Page 11: Atmosphere characteristics

Atmosphere (Cont.)Atmosphere (Cont.)

• Ionosphere – lower layer of the Thermosphere. The sun’s energy tickles little ions and molecules in this layer causing them to glow which creates the Aurora Borealis or the “Northern Lights”.

• Exosphere – “Exos” means outer so this layer is the outermost layer of our atmosphere. Satellites travel in this region of space.

Page 12: Atmosphere characteristics

Air PressureAir Pressure

• Air pressure – is the result of the weight of a column of air pushing down on an area. The column of air above your desk to the top of the atmosphere weighs about as much as a school bus.