Click here to load reader
Upload
roopesh-vn
View
195
Download
5
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
RENJU RAJ
ROOPESH V NAMBOODIRI
ROSEMARY V A
SAJANA P A
SANDEEP K P
SANJU S
SARATH KRISHNAN
SARI V S
SATHEESH KUMAR S
Attractions are generally single units, individual sites or very small,
easily delimited geographical areas based on a single key feature.
Visitor attractions are natural locations or features, objects, or man-
made Constructions that have a special appeal to tourists and local
residents.
Without attractions there would be no need for other tourism services. Indeed tourism as such would not exist if it were not for attractions.
Destinations, specific attractions are performing a motivating role, and
are major pull factors for tourists in their destination choice. In fact,
they are arguably the most important component in the tourism system.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF ATTRACTION
On the basis of Type
• Historic houses - Amar Mahal Palace in Jammu & Kashmir, City
palace in jaipur.
• Museums and galleries - Indian Museum in Kolkata and National
Museum in New Delhi
Gallery maskara in Mumbai, Talwar gallery and
gallery Espace in New Delhi
• Wildlife attractions - Corbett National Park in Nainital and Sunder
bans National Park in West Bengal.
• Castles - Bekal Fort, Palakkad fort in Kerala
• Leisure parks - Wonderla in bangalore, kochi
On the basis of Physical Environment
Natural (forest, mountains)
Built Environment (leisure park, historic houses)
On the basis of Ownership
Managed by wide range of organizations, trusts and
individuals working in the public, private and not for profit
sectors. For example DMO(Destination Management
Organizations, World Tourism Organizations, etc
On the basis of Perception
Dark tourism : Dark tourism also called as black tourism or
grief tourism has been defined as tourism involving travel to
sites historically associated with death and tragedy.
Memorial Day Commemoration: Memorial Day , originally
called Decoration Day is a day of remembrance for those who
have died.
For e.g.: Rajghat for the memorial of Mahatma Gandhi,
Shakthi sthal for the memorial of Indira Gandhi
On the basis of Admission Policy
Admission fees, Open freely to the public, Operated by
membership,
Voluntary donations .
On the basis of Appeal
Geographical level : Kaziranga National Park in Assam,
Market segments : Temples, Beaches, Caves ( Golden
temple in Amritsar, beaches in goa and famous caves like
Ajanta caves)
On the basis of Composition
Locate around a specific point or feature. May occur at a
variety of locations.
For e.g. : Hill stations in Nainital, Shimla,Manali,Kullu
Tea estates in Darjeeling, Assam, Munnar, Nilgiri
Mountains, Wayanad.
On the basis of Degree of Permanence
Event are short duration expected in temporary sites.
For e.g.: Olympics or World Cup, Film Festivals
On the basis of Volume of Visitors
Visitors numbers received over a given period of time.
eg: Mass tourism sites like Taj Mahal in Agra,
Edakkal caves in wayanad district of kerala
On the basis of Organizational Complexity and risk
Degree of organization needed to coordinate. Unpredictable
nature of visitor markets and individuals.
PICTURES OF SOME
FAMOUS ATTRACTIONS IN
INDIA
INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS
IAAPA (International Association of Amusement
Parks and Attractions)
IAAPA which was founded in 1918 as a collective way
for its members to learn about new products, disseminate
current industry news and increase and increase
operational profitability, is the largest international trade
association for amusement facilities worldwide and is
dedicated to the preservation and prosperity of the
amusement industry
TAAI ( Travel Agents Association of India)
It was formed in the year 1951. TAAI is the nodal
association of India and a non profit making organization
engaged in promoting mutual cooperation among different
segments of travel and tourism industry.
TRENDS
Tourist attractions in 2014 continued to be primarily driven by visits to
historic buildings/sites. India, with its rich heritage and history,
continued to attract a large number of travellers due to its architectural
styles, from different periods, dynasties and types of craftsmanship.
Furthermore, with the help of ASI (the Archaeological Survey of India),
most of these buildings are well maintained and looked after, which
helped them to attract more tourists.
PROBLEMS AT TOURIST ATTRACTIONS
Major problems faced by domestic segments are either non-
availability of toilets meant for people with reduced mobility or
unhygienic condition of the available ones. Others equally worth
citing are absence of public utilities such as telephone, toilet, water
tap and the like at convenient places; not availability of ramps in
general and/ or those not found at all required points at attractions
where they are present; improper levels of alternate ramps and
insufficiently laid pathways.
Major issues bothering the foreign tourist segments at
attractions are non-availability of ramps in general or level
differences of alternate ramps; non-availability of toilets meant for
persons with reduced mobility, unhygienic condition of available
ones; lack of access stairs/lifts; inconvenient reach points at
attractions
SHOPPING
Shopping is an activity in which a customer browses the
available goods or services presented by one or more retailers with the
intent to purchase a suitable selection of them.
In some contexts it may be considered a leisure activity as well
as an economic one. In modern days customer focus is more
transferred towards online shopping, worldwide people order products
from different regions and online retailers delivers there products to their
homes, offices or wherever they want. The B2C process has made it
easy for consumers to select any product online from a retailers website
and it is delivered to consumer within no time. The consumer does not
need to consume his energy by going out to the stores and saves his
time of travelling.
The shopping experience can range from delightful to terrible,
based on a variety of factors including how the customer is treated,
convenience, the type of goods being purchased, and mood.
ORIGIN
Ancient era
In ancient Greece, the agora served as a
marketplace where merchants kept stalls or shops to sell their
goods. Ancient Rome utilized a similar marketplace known as
the forum. For example, there was Trajan's Market with
tabernae that served as retailing units.
Shopping lists are known to have been used by
Romans, as one was discovered near Hadrian's wall dated
back to 75–125 CE written for a soldier.
Fairs and markets were established to facilitate the
exchange of goods and services. People would shop for
goods at a weekly market in nearby towns.
The modern phenomenon of shopping is closely linkedto the emergence of the consumer society in the 18thcentury. Over the course of the two centuries from 1600onwards, the purchasing power of the averageEnglishman steadily rose. Sugar consumption doubled inthe first half of the 18th century and the availability of awide range of luxury goods, including tea, cotton andtobacco saw a sustained increase.
The first display windows in shops were installed in
the late 18th century in London.
Retailers designed attractive shop fronts to entice
patronage, using bright lights, advertisements and
attractively arranged goods. The goods on offer were in a
constant state of change, due to the frenetic change in
fashions.
RECENT TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS
GROWING MALL CULTURE IN INDIA
Malls are not only a shopping place but a
place to rejuvenate, socialize and entertain. In big retail
stores you get everything under one roof from branded
clothes,grocery,electronics to foot wear.. Without a doubt
malls have changed the shopping experience of Indians.
Doing shopping in the scorching heat of the sun has been
replaced by AC shopping. Youth take this as a status
symbol. Visiting Malls and buying branded products satisfy
their thirst for better quality of life. Teenagers do come to
show off. Certainly shopping Malls are bringing in a new
culture in India which is different from the traditional culture
as far as shopping is concerned.
LULU SHOPPING MALL - FAMOUS SHOPPING CENTRE
Lulu Mall is the largest shopping mall in India
situated in the city of kochi. Spanning 17 acres and with total
retail floor of 1.7 million square feet, it is the 48th largest
shopping mall in the world. The mall was opened in March
2013 and contains more than 215 outlets including food
courts,restaurants,family entertainment zones, a multiplex,
ice skating rink and bowling alley.
Lulu mall is all set to offer the most refreshing shopping and
entertainment experience that Kerala has witnessed.
SHOPPING FESTIVALS
Grand Kerala Shopping Festival
One of the famous shopping festival in India is
Grand Kerala shopping Festival which is an annual
shopping event. The festival is conducted by Tourism
department in coordination with the industries and
commerce department, finance department and local self
government department. In the process , the brand image of
Kerala Tourism would go a long way to help upgrade the
infrastructure of traditional marketing center in Kerala.
Dubai Shopping festival
It is perhaps one of the most well known
shopping fiestas in the world. It is the shoppers paradise to
explore. During this festival shops offer discounts on their
merchandise. It has been promoted as a tourist attraction.
TYPES OF SHOPPING
Shopping hubs
A larger commercial zone can be found in many cities, more formally called
a central business district, but more commonly called "downtown" in the
United States, or in Arab cities, souks. Shopping hubs, or shopping centers,
are collections of stores; that is a grouping of several businesses.
Typical examples include shopping malls, town squares, flea markets and
bazaars.
Stores
Stores are divided into multiple categories of stores which sell a
selected set of goods or services. Usually they are tiered by target
demographics based on the disposable income of the shopper. They can be
tiered from cheap to pricey.
Some shops sell secondhand goods. In antique shops, the public
can find goods that are older and harder to find. College students are known
to resell books back through college textbook bookstores. Old used items
are often distributed through surplus stores.
Various types of retail stores that specialize in the selling of goods
related to a theme include bookstores, boutiques, candy shops, liquor
stores, gift shops, hardware stores, hobby stores, pet stores,
pharmacies, sex shops and supermarkets.
Other stores such as big-box stores, hypermarkets, convenience stores,
department stores, general stores, dollar stores sell a wider variety of
products.
Home shopping or Online Shopping
Home mail delivery systems and modern technology (such
as television, telephones, and the Internet), in combination with electronic
commerce, allow consumers to shop from home. There are three main
types of home shopping: mail or telephone ordering from catalogs;
telephone ordering in response to advertisements in print and electronic
media and online shopping. Online shopping has completely redefined the
way people make their buying decisions; the Internet provides access to a
lot of information about a particular product, which can be looked at,
evaluated, and compared. Online shopping allows the buyer to save the
time and expense, which would have been spent traveling to the store or
mall.
Neighborhood shopping
Convenience stores are common in North America, and are
often called "bodegas" in Spanish-speaking communities or
"dépanneurs" in French-speaking ones. Sometimes peddlers
and ice cream trucks pass through neighborhoods offering
goods and services. Also, garage sales are a common form
of second hand resale.
Party shopping
The party plan is a method of marketing products
by hosting a social event, using the event to display and
demonstrate the product or products to those gathered, and
then to take orders for the products before the gathering
ends..
Window shopping
"Window shopping" is a term referring to the
browsing of goods by a consumer with no intent to purchase,
either as a recreational activity or to plan a later purchase.
Grocery Shopping
A grocery shop is one which sells merchandise to
customers, mainly foodstuff. Fresh fruit, vegetables, flowers,
plants ,frozen foods and chocolates are just some of the
selection of goods on offer.All foods and goods are organized in sections on shelves .
PRESENT STATUS OF SHOPPING – An eye Retail sector
The retail sector in India is witnessing a huge revamping
exercise as traditional markets make way for next formats
such as departmental stores, hypermarkets, super markets
and specialty stores. Western styles malls have begun
appearing in metros and second running cities alike
introducing the Indian consumer to a shopping experience
like never before. The slowdown in the Indian reality sector
has surprisingly not hampered the development of new
malls across the country.
India has 570 operational malls(as of May 2013) with a
total area of 180 million sqft compared to just 225 malls
that were up and running five years ago, according to
numbers collated by real estate consultancy firm .
INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS AND ORGANIZATION
FOR SHOPPING
SCAI ( Shopping Centres Association of India)The
Shopping Centres Association of India (SCAI), a non profit
organization has been set up with the vision to engage in,
and encourage , the development of the shopping centre
industry in India., by equipping it with the requisite
knowledge base and operational skills.
ITPO ( India Trade Promotion Organization)
This is the premier trade promotion agency of the
government of India for organizing trade fairs, and is
committed to showcase excellence achieved by the country
in diverse fields especially trade and commerce.
RASCI (Retailers Association Skill Council Of India)
It is a not for profit , independent public limited
organization which have been funded by the government of
India to function as the apex skill development Council for
the retail industry.
ICSC (International Council of shopping Centers)
ICSC was founded in 1957 and is the global trade
association of the shopping center industry. As the global
industry trade association , ICSC links with more than 25
national and regional shopping center council throughout the
world.
MSPA ( Mystery Shopping Providers Association)
The MSPA is the largest professional trade association
dedicated to improving service quality using anonymous
resources. The primary goals are to establish professional
standards and ethics for the shopping industry.
PROBLEMS FACED BY SHOPPING TOURISM
Less Unique Products : Global standardization has produced less unique
locales. The globalized marketplace means that often the same products are
available throughout the world. If part of the reason for travel is to learn
about or have the opportunity to explore the unique and different, then the
sameness factor is a major tourism challenge. For example, shopping malls
around the world often seem to offer the same products.
Lack of safety : Although efforts of creating safe environments is plenty,
most of either uneffictive or lack of consistency which lead to the failure of
its purpose. This factor has proved a challenge
Poor money management : Money is not well managed and allocated, plenty
of money is being corrupted. As such money allocated for promoting
shopping tourism is lesser.
Entertainment is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of
an audience, or gives pleasure and delight. It can be an idea or a task, but
is more likely to be one of the activities or events that have developed
over thousands of years specifically for the purpose of keeping an
audience's attention. Although people's attention is held by different
things, because individuals have different preferences in entertainment,
most forms are recognizable and familiar. Storytelling, music, drama,
dance, and different kinds of performance exist in all cultures, were
supported in royal courts, developed into sophisticated forms and over
time became available to all citizens.
The experience of being entertained has come to be strongly associated
with amusement, so that one common understanding of the idea is fun
and laughter, although many entertainments have a serious purpose. This
may be the case in the various forms of ceremony, celebration, religious
festival, or satire for example.
FORMS OF ENTERTAINMENT
Banquets
Banquets have been a venue for entertainment since ancient times,
continuing until the 21st century, when they are still being used for many of their
original purposes – to impress visitors, especially important ones : to show hospitality,
as an occasion to showcase supporting entertainments such as music or dancing, or
both . They were an integral part of court entertainments and helped entertainers
develop their skills. For eg : Wedding showers, Sports banquet.
MusicMusic is a supporting component of many kinds of entertainment and
most kinds of performance. For example, it is used to enhance storytelling, it is
indispensable in dance and opera, and is usually incorporated into dramatic film or
theatre productions.
Music is also a universal and popular type of entertainment on its own, constituting an
entire performance such as when concerts are given . Depending on the rhythm,
instrument, performance and style, music is divided into many genres, such as
classical, jazz, folk, rock, pop music or traditional.
Games
Games are played for entertainment—sometimes purely for
entertainment, sometimes for achievement or reward as well. They
can be played alone, in teams, or online; by amateurs or by
professionals.
Equipment varies with the game. Board games, such as Go,
Monopoly or backgammon need a board and markers. Card games,
such as whist, poker and Bridge have long been played as evening
entertainment among friends. Other games, such as bingo, played
with numerous strangers, have been organized to involve the
participation of non-players via gambling. Number games such as
Sudoku and puzzle games like the Rubik's cube can develop mental
powers.
ReadingReading has been a source of entertainment for a very long
time, especially when other forms, such as performance entertainments,
were (or are) either unavailable or too costly. Even when the primary
purpose of the writing is to inform or instruct, reading is well known for its
capacity to distract from everyday worries. Both stories and information
have been passed on through the tradition of orality and oral traditions
survive in the form of performance poetry. Limericks, for example, use
verse in a strict, predictable rhyme and rhythm to create humor and to
amuse an audience of listeners or readers..
ComedyComedy is both a genre of entertainment and a component
of it, providing laughter and amusement, whether the comedy is the sole
purpose or used as a form of contrast in an otherwise serious piece.
For eg : Mime
The meaning of the word "comedy" and the audience's expectations of it
have changed over time and vary according to culture . Simple physical
comedy such as slapstick is entertaining to a broad range of people of all
ages. However, as cultures become more sophisticated, national
nuances appear in the style and references so that what is amusing in
one culture may be unintelligible in another.
Performance
Live performances before an audience constitute a major form of
entertainment, especially before the invention of audio and video
recording. Performance takes a wide range of forms, including theatre,
music and drama. Opera is demanding performance style that remains
popular
Storytelling
Storytelling is an ancient form of entertainment that has influenced almost
all other forms. It is "not only entertainment, it is also thinking through
human conflicts and contradictions". Hence, although stories may be
delivered directly to a small listening audience, they are also presented as
entertainment and used as a component of any piece that relies on a
narrative, such as film, drama, ballet, and opera
Epic narratives, poems, sagas and allegories from all cultures tell such
gripping tales that they have inspired countless other stories in all forms of
entertainment. Examples include the Hindu Ramayana and Mahabharata;
Collections of stories, such as Grimms' Fairy Tales or those by Hans
Christian Andersen have been similarly influential.
Theatre
Theatre performances, typically dramatic or musical, are presented on
a stage for an audience. Plays , musicals, monologues, pantomimes and
performance poetry are part of the very long history of theatre which is also the
venue for the type of performance known as stand up comedy.
Cinema and film
Films are a major form of entertainment, although not all films have
entertainment as their primary purpose: documentary film , for example, aims
to create a record or inform, although the two purposes often work together.
Increasingly sophisticated techniques have been used in the film medium to
delight and entertain audiences. Animation , for example, which involves the
display of rapid movement in an art work.
Dance
The many forms of dance provide entertainment for all age groups and
cultures. Dance can be serious in tone, such as when it is used to express a
culture's history or important stories; it may be provocative; or it may put in the
service of comedy. Since it combines many forms of entertainment – music,
movement, storytelling, theatre
Animals
Animals have been used for the purposes of entertainment for millennia.
They have been hunted for entertainment (as opposed to hunted for food);
displayed while they hunt for prey; watched when they compete with each
other; and watched while they perform a trained routine for human
amusement. Many contests between animals are now regarded as sports
– for example, horse racing is regarded as both a sport and an important
source of entertainment.
Circus
A circus, described as "one of the most brazen of entertainment forms", is
a special type of theatrical performance, involving acrobatics and often
performing animals, usually thought of as a travelling show, although
permanent venues have also been used.
Magic
The form of entertainment known as stage magic or conjuring and
recognizable as performance, is based on traditions and texts of magical
rites and dogmas that have been a part of most cultural traditions since
ancient times. Fantasy Magicians have held an important place in literature
for centuries, offering entertainment to millions of readers.
Street performance
Street entertainment, street performance are forms of performance that
have been meeting the public's need for entertainment for centuries.
There are three basic forms of contemporary street performance. The first
form is the "circle show". It tends to gather a crowd, usually has a distinct
beginning and end, and is done in conjunction with street theatre,
puppeteering, magicians, comedians, acrobats, jugglers and sometimes
musicians. The second form “walk by act”, has no distinct beginning or end.
The third form “café busking” is performed mostly in restaurants , pubs, bars
and cafes.
Parades
Parades are held for a range of purposes, often more than one. Whether
their mood is sombre or festive, being public events that are designed to
attract attention and activities that necessarily divert normal traffic, parades
have a clear entertainment value to their audiences. Cavalcades and the
modern variant, the motorcade, are examples of public processions.
Fireworks
Fireworks are a part of many public entertainments and have retained an
enduring popularity since they became a "crowning feature of elaborate
celebrations" in the 17th century. For eg: fireworks were one of the
primary forms of display chosen to celebrate the turn of the millennium
around the world. Another example is new year celebrations.
Sport
Sports competitions have always provided entertainment for crowds. To
distinguish the players from the audience, the latter are often known as
spectators. Developments in stadium and auditorium design, as well as in
recording and broadcast technology, have allowed off-site spectators to
watch sport, with the result that the size of the audience has grown ever
larger and spectator sport has become increasingly popular. Two of the
most popular sports with global appeal are association football and cricket.
Fairs, expositions, shopping
Fairs and exhibitions have existed since ancient and medieval times,
displaying wealth, innovations and objects for trade and offering specific
entertainments as well as being places of entertainment in themselves.
Nowadays merchandising has become entertainment: video screens,
interactive computer kiosks, day care ..cafés.
Entertainment : Powerful Tourism Magnet
Live entertainment is often a main attraction for a vacation trip like
various concert tours which offers full pack of entertainment – DJ, music
concerts etc.
Entertianment has risen to a new level in vacation decision making
process. Today the travelling public wants to have fun, to be entertained,
to enjoy fanatsy and to escape from the realities of everyday life.
Example – Top two north american vacation destinations – Walt Disney
World and Las Vegas are built around the appeal of entertainment.