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Started in Rome (Italy), and then it
spread across Europe.
Chronology: 17th Century
Where does the name come from? Its not clear
It might come from the Portuguese word barroco name given to irregular &
imperfect pearls.
It might come from the word verruga something that is considered defective.
It was first used in the 18th Century, by Neoclassical artists, in a
pejorative way to criticize the extravagant & distorted artistic
forms of the previous century.
C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S :
PROPAGANDISTIC ART: it tries to
impress, amaze & persuade
people.
Catholic Church used it to
promote its doctrines against
Protestantism.
Absolute Monarchs used it to
display their power & enhance their
authority.
Bourgeoisie used it to
demonstrate their economic success.
Considered OPPOSITE TO THE RENAISSANCE, despite it also uses
element taken from the Classical art:
Rejects Renaissance principles (proportion, symmetry, simplicity, order). It rather
prefers theatrical, excessive, pretentious & complex forms.
It tries to amaze & attract people appealing to their emotions, not their reasoning.
Great interest in DEPICTING FEELINGS, and pursuits DYNAMISM,
MOVEMENT & TENSION.
A R C H I T E C T U R E : C h A r a c t e r i s t i c s
Use of classical elements (columns, arches,
pediments, entablatures) but used with total
freedom no proportion (giant order), balance, order,
simplicity they rather pursue a visual & emotional
impact.
Taste for curved lines to create sense of movement
& a theatrical effect:
Curved walls to create chiaroscuro effects
(lights/shades)
Broken pediments
Solomonic column (twisted shaft)
Elliptical plans
Extensive decoration specially the faades, as they
are considered store windows to attract people inside
the buildings.
VS
RENAISSANCE
Villa Capra or Villa la Rotonda
(Palladio)
BAROQUE
Church of Saint Charles at the
Four Fountains (Borromini)
Transformations of Saint Peters Basilica (Vatican city):
Enlarged the central nave to convert its plan to one of Latin cross
Italy: CARLO MADERNO
Italy: CARLO MADERNO
Transformations of Saint Peters Basilica (Vatican city):
Redesign of he faacde of the Basilica use of giant order
Baldachin of St. Peters Basilica (Vatican city)
Bronze covering structure over the altar supported by huge Salomonic columns
Italy: BERNINI
Most renowned Baroque artist.
Architect & sculptor.
Sponsored by the Popes.
Italy: BERNINI
Baldachin of St. Peters Basilica (Vatican city)
St. Peters Square
(Vatican city)
Italy: BERNINI
Theatrical effect its shape symbolizes the big arms of
the Catholic Church that embrace the whole humanity.
St. Peters Square (Vatican city)
Italy: BERNINI
The Egyptian obelisk commemorates the martyrdom of St. Peter at the Circus of
the roman emperor Neron.
http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=5fHi43bVWkEqhM&tbnid=KllYzpaXkUF0QM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adevaherranz.es%2FArte%2FUNIVERSAL%2FEDAD%2520MODERNA%2FPaises%2FItalia%2FItalia%2520Barroco%2F&ei=lGFbUYKEDubO0QX7n4CwDQ&bvm=bv.44697112,d.ZG4&psig=AFQjCNG6Wmt_aFBC295cfuPOilmoRLP1xg&ust=1365029641760753
St. Peters Square (Vatican city)
Italy: BERNINI
Giant order
columns
San Andrs del Quirinal (Rome) Muro cncavo, portada convexa
Italy: BERNINI
San Andrs del Quirinal (Rome)
Italy: BERNINI
San Carlos de las Cuatro Fuentes
(Rome)
Italy: BORROMINI
Famous for his great display
of movement
San Carlos de las Cuatro Fuentes
(Rome)
Italy: BORROMINI
San Carlos de las Cuatro Fuentes
(Rome)
Italy: BORROMINI
San Carlos de las Cuatro Fuentes
(Rome)
Italy: BORROMINI
Borromini:
Church of San Ivo della Sapienza (Rome)
Italy: OTHER BAROQUE BUILDINGS
Borromini:
Church of San Ivo della
Sapienza (Rome)
OTHER BAROQUE BUILDINGS
Borromini:
Faade of the Church of Santa Ins (Piazza
Navona, Rome)
Italy: OTHER BAROQUE BUILDINGS
Borromini: Oratorio de San Felipe Neri
(Rome)
Italy: OTHER BAROQUE BUILDINGS
Baltasar Longhena:
Church of Santa Maria della Salute
(Venice)
Pietro da Cortona:
Church of Santa Maria della Pace (Rome)
Italy: OTHER BAROQUE BUILDINGS
Mansart:
Palace of Versailles (Paris) comisioned by the Roi Soleil
France
FrenchBaroque architecture was less complex:
Straight lines
Less decoration
France
Palace of Versailles (Paris)
HALL O MIRRORS
(Galera de los Espejos)
Creaban una escenografa autnticamente barroca
para exaltar la figura del Rey Sol:
17 ventanales a los que corresponde otros tantos
espejos en la pared de enfrente.
Abundancia decorativa.
Bveda con pinturas sobre las victorias de Luis XIV.
Iluminacin a base de 3.000 lmparas duplicada por
los espejos.
France
France
Palace of
Versailles
(Paris)
Palace of Schnbrunn (Viena)
Palace of La Granja de
San Ildefonso (Segovia)
Versalles became the model of Royal palace in Europe.
France
Les Invalides (Paris)
France
Commissioned by
Louis XIV, as a hospital
and a retirement
home for war
veterans.
Burial place of
Napoleon Bonaparte.
ACTIVITY 1
1) What similarities & differences does Baroque art have with Renaissance art?
2) Why do we say that Baroque art was propagandistic?
3) Who were the main patrons of Baroque art?
4) Devise a diagram to summarize Baroque architecture. Include:
Characteristics Artists Examples
Naturalism
Expression of feelings
Movement achieved by dynamic & complex compositions (figuraserpentinata), unstable poses, treatment of clothing, excessive gesticulation
Strong chiaroscuro big contrasts of lights & shades to increase dramatism.
Topics:
Mainly religious in Catholic countries (Italy, France, Flanders, Spain...)
New topics addressed to the bourgeoisie (especially in Protestant countries)
Mythological
Scenes of everyday life
Portraits
Landscapes
Still lifes (bodegones)
S C U L T U R E & P A I N T I N G :G E N E R A L C h A r a c t e r i s t i c s
ACTIVITY 2
1) Fill in the chart as you follow the explanation:
2) Match the artists with their characteristics:
Artists Examples
SCULPTURE Italy
PAINTING
Italy
Flanders
Holland
Spain
Caravaggio
Rubens
Rembrandt
Velazquez
Court painter of Felipe IV
Master in painting portraits
Tenebrism & great realism
Movement, colour & voluptuous women
David
Italy: BERNINI
VSRENAISSANCE
BAROQUE
David
Italy: BERNINI
Apolo & Dafne
Italy: BERNINI
Ecstasy of
Saint
Theresa
Italy: BERNINI
Tomb of Pope Urban VIII(Vatican City)
Italy: BERNINI
Portrait bust of
Louis XIV
Italy: BERNINI
Realism: no idealization; reality & nature are represented as they are
(ugliness, pain, deformity)
Triumph of color over line. Fluid brush-strokes.
Illusion of depth & distance (3D) through aerial perspective & a
magnificent use of chiaroscuro.
Main artists:
Italy Caravaggio
Flanders Rubens
Holland Rembrandt
Spain Velazquez
P A I N T I N G :s p e c i f i c c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s
The Calling of St.
Mathew(Vocacin de San Mateo)
JesusSt. PeterSt. Mathew
Italy: CARAVAGGIO
Tenebrism (very
pronounced form of
chiaroscuro)
Great realism (total
absence of
idealization)
humble people &
environments.
Conversion of Saint Paul(La Conversin de San Pablo)
Crucifixion of St. Peter(Crucifixin de San Pedro)
Italy: CARAVAGGIO
La Flagelacin de
Cristo
La Decapitacin de San Juan Bautista
Judit y
Holofernes
El entierro de
Cristo
Italy: CARAVAGGIO
Baco
Still life (bodegn) Absence of idealization (vulgar
character, symptoms of
inebriation)
Italy: CARAVAGGIO
Characterized by:
Movement curved lines,
complex & dynamic
compositions
Colour clear triumph of
color over line. Fluid brush-
strokes. Brilliant colours.
Curvy & voluptuose
women with white skin
ideal of female beauty
The Three Graces
(Las tres Gracias)
Flanders: RUBENS
El juicio de Paris
Flanders: RUBENS
La adoracin de los magos
Flanders: RUBENS
El alzamiento de la cruz
El Des