Beyond micro credentials

8 March 2016

Badges in Higher education

This presentation is based on work supported by John D. & Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation under Prime Award No. 13-104890-000-USP and The Regents of the University of California.

Beyond Micro-credentials

Southampton University

Trust, the Revolution!

Beyond Behaviourism!


Address

Micro-credentials

reinforceignore

The problems

Address


Micro-credentials

The problems

Trust, the Revolution!“provides a more granular and accurate picture of what one has learned than a diploma” (B. Bull)

(*) http://www.knappinternational.com/assets/uploads/pages/Microcredentials-Is%20Small%20the%20Next%20Big%20Thing.pdf

“A subset of a certification that recognizes achievement toward the larger credential.” (*)

“Recognizes achievements toward a bigger goal.” (*)

reinforce


Micro-credentials

The problems

sub-standard

Micro-credentials

traditional

Fragmentation

Control

Credentials

Traditional

micro-

FormalTop-Down

Credentials

Micro-credentials are to credentials what modularisation is to course instruction

Both approches are grounded in behaviourism

to infer human behaviour

A theory based on the study of pigeons

Behaviourism

Badge “pathways,” the latest avatar of behaviourist theory

“In the 'model' approach, personalization typically means more: more options, more choices, more types of tests, etc. You need to customize the environment (the learning) [to] fit the student.In the 'connections' approach, personalization typically means less: fewer rules, fewer constraints. You need to grant the learner autonomy within the environment.”

Stephen Downes. “Connectivism and Connective Knowledge.”

Connectiv ism vs.Behaviourism

Fragmentation

Learning

One of the main dangers with micro-credentials is the fragmentation of learning into a series of meaningless activitieswith no relation to high order goals.

Carpet Badging

Weapons of mass

destruction

Spray and PrayDan Hickey

no! of pedagogy

Micro-credentials

ignore


The problems

?What is the main problem facinG

education

?!educationTrust

What is the main problem facinG

?!educationTrust


70 7050 5030 3010 100 060 6040 4020 20% %

By literacy proficiency level By educational attainment

Slovak RepublicEstonia

ItalyCzech Republic

FranceKorea

GermanyJapan

IrelandPoland

England/N. Ireland (UK)Average

Flanders (Belgium)CanadaSpain

AustriaUnited States

AustraliaFinland

NetherlandsSwedenNorway

Denmark

Level 4 or 5Level 3Level 2Level 1 or below Below upper secondary education

Upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education

Tertiary education

*Education at a Glance 2014 OECD Indicators

Percentage of adults reporting that they trust others*

?educationTrust


REBuilding !?

“The best way to find out if you can trust somebody is to trust them.”

- Ernest Hemingway


- Ernest Hemingway?How


- Ernest Hemingway?How

Micro-credentials

Micro-credentials: instruments for rebuilding

trust*

* at the micro, meso and macro levels

Empower individuals with the power to trust

Not just institutions!

Community

Individuals

Organisation

NationRegion

SectorEnvironment

Meso

Macro

Micro

Trust!

Issuer Earner

Chains of trust

Networks of trust

The Open Badge Passport aims at enabling the seamless issuing, collection, organisation, display, discovery and exploitation of digital credentials. By establishing and nurturing networks of trust, it encourages the emergence of a new generation of services supporting learning, (self-) employment, social inclusion and citizenship.

ePortfolio

Identity

Trust

Open Personal data

Open Trust

Personal Ledger

Personal Ledger

1000 Received Credentials Name ID Issuer Criteria Evidence Picture …

2000 Issued Credentials Name ID Earner Criteria Evidence Picture …3000 Evidence Name ID Type … … … …

4000 Assets Name ID Type … … … …

5000 … … … … … … … …

… … … … … … … … …

4000 Assets Name ID Type … … … …4100 IPR … … … … … … …4200 Publications … … … … … … …4300 … … … … … … … …

Personal Ledger

Personal Ledger1000 Date/Time Name ID BoT Issuer Criteria Evidence Picture …

1001 1/6/2016/11:23 Ledger Expert Level1 1FL2LFL8K8… +4 I82NCJ7FK… CF84KULF… ELPO7DUJ… PINFJ48D6… …

1001 24/9/2017/09:12 Assessor Level 2 1IFN74JS91… +849 IK49FL4MM… C3MPG7D… FP4TLRS4… null …

1100 … … … … … … …

1101 … … … … … … …

Received Credentials

Issued Credentials

2000 Date/Time Name ID BoT Earner Criteria Evidence Picture …

2001 … Trustworthy Company 2FL2LFL8K8… 10 IKFI7469HL… CCL0FLD.… EPFLDKD8… - …

2001 … Creativity 2IFN74JS91… 4838 I0DU7CHKB… … … … …

2100 … … … … … … …

EvidenceCompetency Framework

My Trust capital = Trust received (debt) + Trust invested in others (credit)

Individual Trust Capital = debts + credits

Social Trust Capital = ∑debts = ∑credits

Group Trust Capital = ?

Personal Ledger

Personal LedgerThe power to

trust

Personal LedgerBeyond BehaviourismConnectivist Badges

Personal LedgerBeyond BehaviourismConnectivist Badges

“The effectiveness of knowing is defined not by conformity but by adaptation.”

Stephen Downes. “Connectivism and Connective Knowledge.”

“The most important function of a person in a community is no longer conformity, but rather, creativity and expression. ”

Connectivist Badges

ConnectPeople

Ideas

Places . . .Past

Futureconcepts

Events

Achievements

Connectivist Badges

ConnectPeople

Ideas

Places . . .Past

Futureconcepts

Events

Achievements

I trustYou trustHe/She trustsWe trustYou trustThey trust


Merci !ePIC 2016

Pathways to educational andsocial innovation

BOLOGNA 27-29 OCTOBER

Open Badge

ePortfolio

Identity

Trust

Blockchain

http://openepic.eu

0101011

01100

Serge RavetADPIOS, EUROPORTFOLIO, Badge Europe, France@Szerge, learningfutures.eu, iosf.org openbadgepassport.com, europortfolio.org