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Peer-Review in Scientific LiteratureALEX FILAZZOLACRITICAL THINKING LAB 2
What is peer-review? - Quality control on scientific research prior to publication
- Expert criticism of experimental work
- Important part of the scientific method
Example of a bad paper
Moss cushions facilitate water and nutrient supply for plant species on bare limestone pavements Sand-Jensen and Hammer 2012
Title
Indicates the main finding Abstract
Concisely written?
Provides a clear overview of the work?
Contains the essential facts from the paper?
Ends by placing the work in a broader context, highlighting its significance?Intro
Provides a clear, concise background to the study?
Outlines the aims of the study and hypotheses
Provides context to the current work
Motivation for the work is explained
Is there satisfactory citation of prior literature?
Methods
Enough detail to replicate study?
Is it clear what measured?
Are the statistical design and analyses appropriate?
Results
Are the results provided in a form that is easy to interpret and understand?
Have results for all the questions asked been provided?
Are the figures and tables appropriate?
Have the correct units of measurement been used?
Discussion and Conclusions
Have the authors answered their research question(s)/hypotheses?
Are the conclusions drawn from the results justified?
Has the significance of the study been fully explained?
How do the results relate to similar studies?
By how much has this study advanced the current understanding of the science?
Universal intellectual standards Clarity
◦-“Education is an issue in America”
Accuracy◦-“Dogs are on average over 300 pounds”
Universal intellectual standards Precision
◦-“Jack is overweight”
Relevance◦- Does a paragraph, section or article stay on target?
Universal intellectual standards Depth
◦- “Just say no”
Breadth◦- Bias
Universal intellectual standards
Logic◦- does this make sense?
Lacks precision
Examples
Examples
Lacks clarity and depthBad writing…
Speed reading an article
Abstract
End of introduction
Methods
Beginning of discussion or conclusion
Example of a good paper
Habitat fragmentation effects on annual survival of the federally protected eastern indigo snake Breininger et al. 2011
Template for analyzing an article 1. The main purpose of this article is: 2. The Key question that the author is addressing is: 3. The most important information in the article is: 4. The main inference/conclusions in the article are: 5. The key concept we need to understand in the article are: 6. The main assumptions underlying the authors thinking are: 7. The main points of view presented in this article are (present both sides of a debate if present):
8. Find examples (good or bad) of the seven Universal Intellectual Standards
Clarity
Accuracy
Precision
Relevance
Depth
Breadth
Logic