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Blood Typing Alicia M. Triplett

Blood Typing

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This presentation is a simple tutorial on performing ABO blood group testing. It is submitted as a requirement for Central Michigan University's EDU 653.

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Page 1: Blood Typing

Blood TypingAlicia M. Triplett

Page 2: Blood Typing

Objectives

● In this lesson, you will ●learn the steps of the procedure to determine

a blood type.●watch a video of the procedure being

performed.●be referred to additional information on blood

types.

Page 3: Blood Typing

Introduction

● Whole blood is rarely used for transfusion.

● Red Blood Cells (RBCs) are the component of choice to increase oxygen carrying capacity.

● RBCs must be compatible between the donor and the recipient.

Reference:The Community Blood Center Inc. (2013). Retrieved Sept 20, 2013, from Blood Types: http://www.communityblood.org/commbc/what+is+blood/blood+type.asp

Justin Sahr
good diagram to show the compatibility of different blood types.
Page 4: Blood Typing

Introduction

● Plasma is the component of choice to replenish most coagulation factors.

● Plasma must also be ABO-compatible with the recipient’s RBCs.

Reference:Harmening, D. M. (2012). Modern Blood Banking & Transfusion Practices (Sixth ed.). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company.

Justin Sahr
good diagram to show the compatibility of different blood types.
Page 5: Blood Typing

Introduction

● There are 4 major blood groups.

● They are determined by RBC surface antigens.

● To determine which antigens are present, we do ABO blood typing.

Reference:Wikipedia. (2013, Sept 15). Blood Type. Retrieved Sept 20, 2013, from Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_type

Trevor Rheaume
What are RBC and ABO? I see what they mean but it might confusing to some.
Alicia Triplett
RBC = Red Blood Cell, and ABO are literally A, B, and O. I should have introduced the acronym RBC the first time I used it here. If I were to use this presentation for my MLT students, they would not be confused because they would have been introduced to these terms long before this lecture.
Ian Thomson
What is plasma?
Alicia Triplett
Plasma is the liquid portion of blood after it is spun down and separated into its components.
Page 6: Blood Typing

ABO Testing Supplies

● Items needed for testing:○ Forward blood grouping antisera○ Reverse typing reagent red blood cells○ Glass test tubes○ Transfer pipettes○ 0.9% saline

Trevor Rheaume
Nice format for listing items needed. Easy to view.
Ian Thomson
I love how this slide is straight forward with what you need right off the bat, but a picture of some of the more scientific supplies would help me make sure I got the right ones
Alicia Triplett
I had really cool pictures, but no licenses to use them :-(
Page 7: Blood Typing

ABO Testing Supplies

● Items needed for testing (continued):○ Centrifuge○ Agglutination viewer○ Felt tip marker○ Patient sample (5ml EDTA blood sample)

Trevor Rheaume
Nice format for listing items needed. Easy to view.
Ian Thomson
I love how this slide is straight forward with what you need right off the bat, but a picture of some of the more scientific supplies would help me make sure I got the right ones
Alicia Triplett
I had really cool pictures, but no licenses to use them :-(
Page 8: Blood Typing

ABO Testing - Forward

● Separate patient cells and plasma

● Label a tube with patient information

● Make a 2-5% cell suspension

Reference:F.A. Davis Company. (2012). DavisPlus Instructor and Student Resource Center. Retrieved Sept 20, 2013, from DavisPlus.fadavis.com: http://resources.fadavis.com/harmening6/Image_Ancillary/original/2682_F06_01p1.jpg

Page 9: Blood Typing

ABO Testing - Forward

● Label 2 tubes, one with Anti-A, and the other with Anti-B●Add a drop of Anti-A to the tube labeled “Anti-A”●Add a drop of Anti-B to the tube labeled “Anti-B”

Reference:F.A. Davis Company. (2012). DavisPlus Instructor and Student Resource Center. Retrieved Sept 20, 2013, from DavisPlus.fadavis.com: http://resources.fadavis.com/harmening6/Image_Ancillary/original/2682_F06_01p1.jpg

Justin Sahr
What do the Anti-A and Anti-B do? how do they work?
Alicia Triplett
Anti-A, and anti-B are naturally occurring antibodies that will cause the destruction of red blood cells that are incompatible a person's own blood type. So for example, if you are blood type A, then you have A antigens on your red blood cells and anti-B antibodies in your plasma. If you were to be transfused with type B blood, your anti-B would cause those cells to be destroyed. In our test procedure they cause the cells to clump together and that's how we identify what antigens are on the red blood cells.
Page 10: Blood Typing

ABO Testing - Forward

● Add a drop of the 2-5% patient cell suspension to each of the two tubes

● Mix gently and centrifuge for 15 seconds● Gently resuspend the cell button, and check for

agglutination (clumping)● Record reactions

Reference:F.A. Davis Company. (2012). DavisPlus Instructor and Student Resource Center. Retrieved Sept 20, 2013, from DavisPlus.fadavis.com: http://resources.fadavis.com/harmening6/Image_Ancillary/original/2682_F06_01p1.jpg

Ian Thomson
Super clear instructions that help with organization too!
Page 11: Blood Typing

ABO Testing - Reverse Reference:

F.A. Davis Company. (2012). DavisPlus Instructor and Student Resource Center. Retrieved Sept 20, 2013, from DavisPlus.fadavis.com: http://resources.fadavis.com/harmening6/Image_Ancillary/original/2682_F06_02p1.jpg

● Label two tubes○ One with patient ID and “A1”○ One with patient ID and “B”

Maureen Tront
In what types of situations would you need to do reverse testing?
Page 12: Blood Typing

ABO Testing - Reverse

Reference:F.A. Davis Company. (2012). DavisPlus Instructor and Student Resource Center. Retrieved Sept 20, 2013, from DavisPlus.fadavis.com: http://resources.fadavis.com/harmening6/Image_Ancillary/original/2682_F06_02p1.jpg

● Add two drops of patient plasma to each tube● Add 1 drop of A cells to the tube labeled “A.”● Add 1 drop of B cells to the tube labeled “B.”

Page 13: Blood Typing

ABO Testing - Reverse Reference:F.A. Davis Company. (2012). DavisPlus Instructor and Student Resource Center. Retrieved Sept 20, 2013, from DavisPlus.fadavis.com: http://resources.fadavis.com/harmening6/Image_Ancillary/original/2682_F06_02p1.jpg

● Mix gently and centrifuge for 15 seconds● Gently resuspend the cell button and check for

agglutination● Record reactions

Trevor Rheaume
Very clear and precise instructions. It might help to insert a some visuals however.
Alicia Triplett
I did have pictures, but it would have taken 6-8 weeks to get written permission to use them from the copyright owner.
Justin Sahr
Very clear instructions. It might be nice to talk about some of the possible things they may encounter at each step.
Page 14: Blood Typing

Interpretation of Results

● Blood Group A● A antigen, Anti-B antibody

● Blood Group B● B antigen, Anti-A antibody

● Blood Group AB● A & B antigen, no antibody

● Blood Group O● No antigen, Anti-A and

Anti-B

Trevor Rheaume
I like the display of information here as well as the chart for visual. Great slide!
Page 15: Blood Typing

ABO Testing (Demonstration)

Video From: The Indian Immunohematology Initiative: YouTube: Creative Commons Attribution License (reuse allowed). Retrieved September 21,2013

Maureen Tront
The video was a great supplement to your presentation.
Justin Sahr
Good instructional video. Easy to follow.
Page 16: Blood Typing

Additional Information

● To learn more about blood types visit The American Red Cross.

● When you feel confident, test your knowledge by playing The Blood Typing Game.

Maureen Tront
Are certain blood types in higher demand for donation?
Justin Sahr
Great job making a clear presentation that was easy to follow. I loved the game! I actually was "bloody right" with two of my patients. It must be the "bloody good" presentation I just read.
Ian Thomson
This is a great presentation that shows procedure, organization and a difficult concept really well. Personally, thanks for not putting too many pictures of blood up too! I'm kinda squeamish about that, but I love how you made this really clear and easy to follow.
Page 17: Blood Typing

Image CreditsSlide 3. Diagram showing blood group compatibility for transfusion purposes. Created by InvictaHOG (Own work) on Adobe Illustrator 8/24/06 and released into public domain.Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Retrieved September 21, 2013.http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Blood_Compatibility.svg/120px-Blood_Compatibility.svg.png

Slide 4. Plasma compatibility chart In addition to donating to the same blood group; plasma from type AB can be given to A, B and O; plasma from types A, B and AB can be given to O. Created: 26 February 2009 (first version); 2 March 2009 (last version). Attribution: Giancaldo at the English language Wikipedia [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)], via Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved July 7, 2014.http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Plasma_donation_compatibility_path.svg

Slide 5. Diagram of ABO blood antigen system. Created: 11 September 2006. Created by InvictaHOG (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved September 20, 2013.http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/ABO_blood_group_diagram.svg

Slide 8. Scheme of a blood sample after centrifugation. Date 9 February 2008 (original upload date). : Original uploader was KnuteKnudsen at en.wikipedia. [CC-BY-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], from Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved July 7, 2014http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Blood-centrifugation-scheme.png

Maureen Tront
Are certain blood types in higher demand for donation?
Justin Sahr
Great job making a clear presentation that was easy to follow. I loved the game! I actually was "bloody right" with two of my patients. It must be the "bloody good" presentation I just read.
Ian Thomson
This is a great presentation that shows procedure, organization and a difficult concept really well. Personally, thanks for not putting too many pictures of blood up too! I'm kinda squeamish about that, but I love how you made this really clear and easy to follow.
Page 18: Blood Typing

Image and Video CreditsSlide 10. Description: Agglutinated red cells in the bottom of test tubes from blood typing in the blood bank. Created10 March 2005. Attribution: By Bobjgalindo (Own work) [GFDL http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-SA-3.0-2.5-2.0-1.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved July 7, 2014.http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/Tube_blood_banking.JPG

Slide 14. Diagram of ABO blood groups and the IgM antibodies present in each. Created by InvictaHOG on Adobe Illustrator on 8/25/06 and released into the public domain. Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 20, 2013.http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/ABO_blood_type.svg

Slide 15. Susan Johnson, MSTM, MT(ASCP)SBB, MS, Associate Director of the Indian Immunohematology Initiative, demonstrates how to determine an individual's ABO and Rhesus blood type in test tubes. Published on May 23, 2013 to YouTube: Creative Commons Attribution License (reuse allowed). Retrieved September 21,2013https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJ9w-LNnOT4

Maureen Tront
Are certain blood types in higher demand for donation?
Justin Sahr
Great job making a clear presentation that was easy to follow. I loved the game! I actually was "bloody right" with two of my patients. It must be the "bloody good" presentation I just read.
Ian Thomson
This is a great presentation that shows procedure, organization and a difficult concept really well. Personally, thanks for not putting too many pictures of blood up too! I'm kinda squeamish about that, but I love how you made this really clear and easy to follow.