Bucky balls ppt

2INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY, CSJM UNIVERSITY KANPUR

“Buckyball” is the common name for a molecule called Buckminsterfullerene.

which is made of 60 carbon atoms formed in the shape of a hollow ball.

British scientist Harry Kroto discovered it in 1985. The arrangement of the atoms resembled the shape of the geodesic domes invented by architect Buckminster Fuller.

INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY, CSJM UNIVERSITY KANPUR 3


Along with American researchers Richard Smalley and Robert Curl, Kroto was able to create bucky balls in the laboratory. For this work, the three were awarded a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1996.

The discovery of buckyballs was surprising, as the Scientists aimed the experiment at producing carbon plasmas to replicate and characterize unidentified interstellar matter.

Mass spectrometry analysis of the product indicated the formation of spheroidal carbon molecules.


These researchers found that buckyballs had many interesting properties .

They were very hard to break apart, even at temperatures of nearly 1000 °C, and would bounce back if squeezed or slammed against a solid object…

It is made up of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons with an unbonded electron surrounding each one of the 60 carbon atoms


They reflect a fluorescent light.

Fullerenes are soluble in many aromatic solvents such as toluene and carbon disulphide, but not in water. Solutions of pure C60 have a deep purple color which transforms into brown upon drying off the solvent.

It is the largest particle to possess wave-particle duality


It is a large molecule. They are the largest known molecule to exist in

space. The diameter of a C60 molecule is about 1

nanometer (nm). It is very strong, it can be twice as rigid as

diamond. It is very malleable, and resiliant beyond any

particle that we have ever known. It is a very stable molecule. It can be used to transport other molecules inside

like a basket, or on the surface like a "fuzzyball.“


The experimental evidence- a strong peak at 720 atomic mass units, indicated that a carbon molecule with 60 carbon atoms was forming, but provided little structural information.

The research group concluded, that the most likely structure was a spheroidal molecule.

The idea was quickly rationalized as the basis of an icoshedral symmetry closed cage structure. Kroto mentioned geodesic dome structures of the noted futurist and inventor Buckminster Fuller as influences in the naming of this particular substance as buckminsterfullerene.




Fullerenes can be made by vaporizing carbon within a gas medium.(they could form spontaneously in a condensing carbon vapor)


Schematic cross-sectional drawing of the supersonic laser-vaporization nozzle

used in the discovery of fullerenes





It is a powerful antioxidant, reacting readily and at a high rate with free radicals, which are often the cause of cell damage or death.

It behaves like a "radical sponge," as it can sponge-up and neutralize 20 or more free radicals per fullerene molecule.

It possess a novel ability of selectively entering oxidation-damaged cerebral endothelial cells rather than normal endothelial cells and then protecting them from apoptosis.


It enhances skin absorbtion and helps fight the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles sagging skin and dark spots caused by the oxidation of cells.

UV Whitening Cream contains Fullerene RS™, a patented Nobel Prize technology, which is a superior radical scavenger with unparallel anti-oxidation effect that eliminates free radicals and inhibits UVA-Induced melanin formation.

INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY, CSJM UNIVERSITY KANPUR18

Allergic disease is the sixth leading cause of chronic disease in the United States, and while various treatments have been developed to control allergy, no cure has been found.

These findings advance the emerging field of medicine known as nanoimmunology.

new biological function of a buckyball – the ability to block allergic response, setting the stage for the development of new therapies for allergy.


The exciting biological activities of water-soluble fullerene derivatives includes the inhibition of enzymes of-

human immunodeficiency (HIV) hepatitis A, B and C viruses, anti cancer action, antiproliferative effects, photodynamic therapy And efficient neuroprotective

activity.Some fullerene derivatives can be successfully applied as advanced bacteriostatic agents and contrast materials in

X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging.


The first and main use that scientists are hoping to implement with bucky balls is the use in the medical field. In 2007, there was a study conducted that used bucky balls to get medication into cancer cells.

They did this by creating proteins that could attach to the cell membrane of a cancer cell and then push through. Similar to how a virus is able to get into a cell, scientists were able to make bucky balls do the same thing.


The use of bucky balls in fibre optics. Because of the perfect spherical shape that they carry, they are able to transmit light. Polyurethane is added and this creates a thin film on a flat service that light can travel through. It's considered to be a more efficient method of transmitting the light across the cables.Fullerenes hold great promise also in non-physiological applications where oxidation and radical processes are destructive (food spoilage, plastics deterioration, metal corrosion).


The C60 molecule can also bind large numbers of hydrogen atoms (up to one hydrogen for each carbon) without disrupting the structure. This property suggests that bucky balls may be an efficient medium to make hydrogen fuel more accessible to the general economy.Buckminsterfullerene could also inhibit the HIV virus. In particular, C60 inhibits a key enzyme in the human immunodeficiency virus known as HIV-1 protease; this could inhibit reproduction of the HIV virus in immune cells.


The optical absorption properties of C60 match solar spectrum that favors C60-based films for photovoltaic applications. Conversion efficiencies up to 5.7% have been reported in C60-polymer cells.In medicine, buckyballs are able to function as miniature containers. Useful drugs can be inserted within the hollow spheres for later release within the body. Buckyballs also are small enough to enter skin pores directly and deliver subsurface medicine where needed.


Water soluble Fullerene Derivatives which were localized closely to Mitochondria gave a new perspective on the use of Fullerenes in drug delivery systems.There are rejuvenated creams based on vitamin C60 which had replaced vitamin E (released by nano-c in japan). the Zelen Fullerene C60 Day Cream which incorporates nanoscale C60 Fullerene and it turns out that the material has remarkable antioxidant properties. Zelens claims its newly released day cream is the first to harness the power of Fullerene C-60 carbon for cosmetics applications. That helps to explain the product's £150 ($250) price tag.


They are expensive to make and therefore, have not found much use in the actual world.

their main use is for research right now and as companies find ways to make them for cheaper

there is a good chance that bucky balls will begin to gain a foothold in both the medical and industrial world because of its strength and its properties.


http://www.tech-faq.comhttp://www.pearltrees.com Jiang W, Kim BY, Rutka JT, Chan WC: Expert Opin.

Drug Deliv. 2007, 4, 621-633. Chan WCW: In: Bio-Applications of Nanoparticles.

2007, Landes Bioscience, Austin, TX,USA. Kamal Singh Rathore, Rohit lowalekar,

Dr.R.K.Nema, Dr.C.P.Jain, The Pharma Review,2006, June, p.30-32.

http://www.pothi.comhttp://books.google.co.in




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Bucky balls ppt