WHO IS THIS ??

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OLEH : JAP NITA & NIKEN WIDYANINGRUM

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OVERVIEW

1. NATUR MANUSIA

2. KONSEP UTAMA

3. TEORI KONSELING

4. METODE CONSELING

5. APLIKASI

• CHILD-CENTERED COUNSELING & DEVELOPMENT OF

SELF-ESTEEM)

• MOTIVATIONAL THERAPHY

• CHILD-CENTERED PLAY THERAPY

• DIVERSITY APPLICATION OF CHILD CENTER THERAPHY

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BIOGRAFI

(1902-1987)

• Born in 1902 in Illinois, USA

• As a child, he was a sensitive, shy introvert, not very sociable and preferred to spend time with his books and his own world of thought

• Initially went to school for Scientific Agriculture, then went on to History, took a couple of psychology classes, then pursued his Ph.D. in Clinical and Educational Psychology

• Rogers later went on to pursue a career at Rochester, Ohio State University, the University of Chicago, University of Wisconsin, and the Western Behavioral Sciences Institute in California

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Carl Roger • Rogers eventually went beyond the traditional psychoanalytic

approach to therapy and began to develop a more nondirective counseling approach

• In 1939, he published his first book called The Clinical Treatment of the Problem Child

• He became a Professor at Ohio State University in 1940, he wrote a controversial book “Counseling and Psychoterapy” –which was considered the day Person-Centered Therapy was born

• Rogers also became the director of the Rochester Guidance Center. Rogers’ dissertation while attending the Teacher’s College was Personality Adjustment Inventory.

• During the 1940s and 1950s he was the president of the American Psychological Association

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HUMANISTIC APPROACH

• Human have natural potential, can

reach self-actualize and through which

we can find meaning

• (berfokus pada kemampuan manusia

untuk berfikir secara sadar dan rasional

dalam mengendalikan hasrat

biologisnya, serta dalam meraih potensi

maksimal mereka)

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NATURAL PEOPLE • People as Rational, Socialized, Forward-moving, and Realistic Beings

• Negative , antisocial emotions result of frustrated basic impulses

( Maslow’s hierarchy needs failure to meet basic needs of love and

belonging.)

• People posses capacity to experience

( capacity to control and regulate their own behavior)

• People move toward actualization psychological adjustment

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CORE CONCEPT

• PERSON - The center and all components of the human beings (Behavior, thought, feeling, and physical self) - Motivation by inner-directed to become fully functioning, improving more independent & enhancing themselves • WORLD - Everything the childeren’s experiences (external/internal) • SELF - The person’s private world that becomes recognized as “me” - Totality of the perceptions of the child

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COUNSELING THEORY

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• CONGRUENCE

Therapist’s openess and genuineness- the

willingness to relate to client without hiding behind

a professional façade.

• UPR ( UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD)

The therapist accepts, respect, liking the client totally without

evaluating & disapproving of particular feeling, actions.

• EMPATHY

Showing an emotional understanding and sensitivity to

the client’s feeling

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GOALS

• Assisting people in becoming more autonomous, spontaneous, and confident.

• Helping children trust and be honest with themselves

• Not focus on resolving a problem but on allowing people to lead more rewarding lives and to deal with joys and challenges

• The ultimate Goals to be a fully functioning person who has learned to be free and can counsel with self.

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COUNSELING METHOD •

•

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COUNSELING METHOD

• Based on counseling process is not to solve problems but to provide the necessary and sufficient therapeutic conditions of congruence, unconditional positive regard, and empathetic understanding so that the client can freely grow to become more of a fully functioning person in a safe and supportive therapeutic environment

• There is no specific technique in the practice of traditional person-centered therapy, however, general attitudes of a person-centered therapist may be described according to the three major factors Rogers has explained:

1. Congruence- genuineness, honesty with the client

2. Empathy- the ability to feel what the client feels.

3. Respect- acceptance, unconditional positive regard towards the client

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COUNSELING METHOD

• Good therapist is how the therapist bulid a good relationship with the client.

1. Acceptance

2. Congruence

3. Understanding

4. Nonjudgemental

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APPLICATION

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Child Centered Counseling and Development of

Self Esteem

• Self esteem in children improved when they can see a good thing in their education and daily life

• Three steps for counselor help children improve their self esteem :

1. “All peope special and valuable because they are unique”

2. “Because people are special and unique, they have responsibilty to help and not hurt themself”

3. “People are responsible for watching their action to see if they are remembering the truth they are special”

• After children can see positive things, therapist will help them to make their activities continue. It’s call self esteem series weave. The activity should be consistant

• Self esteem development is good way to help children improve their aademic performance

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MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEW FOUR PRINCIPLES OF MOTIVATIONAL INTERVIEW:

(MILLER and ROLLNICK)

•The Counselor uses reflective listening to convery understanding of

the message & caring the person

•The Counselor must develop the discrepancy between the person’s

stated values and current behavior.

•The counselor addresses resistance with reflection rather than

confrontation

•The Counselor supports the client’s self-efficacy by giving the

message (client capable of change)

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Example Techniques

Development a motivational discrepancy between the current behavior (real self) and the desired goals (ideal self)

Client : Maybe I did pick on her more than I thought. I never counted how many times I called her a name before. Counselor : You’re surprised. Client : Yes, I didn’t think about how many bad things the hears from me. But everyone talks trash to other people. Counselor : You’re confused. On one hand you see you’ve been saying lots of hurtful things but on the other hand you know other folks do the same thing.

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CHILD CENTERED PLAY THERAPY

• Child-Centerd Play Therapy =

- Attitude, a philosophy, and a way of being.

- Based on beliefs in the child’s innate desire for growth and

capacity for self-direction

- Focus is on the relationship (central to success or failure counseling)

Child leads

- Counselor focus on the child’s strengts reflects the child’s feeling, and

recognize the power of warm, caring acceptance and sensitive

• Play Therapy

The art relationship contains details about accomplishing these goals and about

setting up a play area.

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•Must develop a warm and friendly relationship with the child.

•Accepts the child as she or he is.

•Establishes a feeling of permission in the relationship so that the child feels free to express his or

her feelings completely.

•Is alert to recognise the feelings the child is expressing and reflects these feelings back in such a

manner that the child gains insight into his/her behaviour.

•Maintains a deep respect for the child’s ability to solve his/her problems and gives the child the

opportunity to do so.

•Does not attempt to direct the child’s actions or conversations in any manner.

•Does not hurry the therapy along.

•Only establishes those limitations necessary to anchor the therapy to the world of reality and to

make the child aware of his/her responsibility in the relationship.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE CHILD-CENTERED RELATIONSHIP

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A-C-T MODEL

• STEP 1

Acknowledging the child’s

feeling and wishes

• STEP 2

Communicating the limits

• STEP 3

Targeting acceptable

alternatives.

EXAMPLE : Child : “Im going to paint your face now” A and C Steps Conselor : “You want to share your paint with me, but I’m not for painting” Child : “ But I want to.. “ T Step Counselor : “You really want to use your paint more. You could draw something on that clown over there” Child : “oh, okay”

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Five Distinct phases of child-centered play

therapy, Kottman (2004):

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Diversity of Child-Centered Therapy

• Roger believed every person is unique

• He treated all persons having own culture and was willing

to spend the time to let his clients teach him about the

world views

• Counselors acceptance and understanding reagrdless of

person’s ethnicity, circumstance, or concern

• Counselour posit that the child can communicate thourgh

play in a way taht is comfortable and typical of the child

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Accountabilty

• The therapist does not attempt to solve the problem

• The therapist trusts the actualising tendency of the

client

• Through a trusting relationship where they are

understood and accepted, the actualising tendency

motivates the person towards health

• The therapist does not attempt to solve the problem

• The therapist trusts the actualising tendency of the

client

• Through a trusting relationship where they are

understood and accepted, the actualising tendency

motivates the person towards health

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DAFTAR PUSTAKA • Axline, V. (1947). Play Therapy: The Inner dynamics of childhood. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

• Baggerly,J.,& Parker, M. (2005). Child-Centered group play therapy with African American Boys at the elemantary

school level. Journal of Conseling & Development, 83, 387-396.

• Carkhuff,R. (1973, March). Human Achievement, educational, career achievement: Essential ingredients of elementary

school guidance. Paper presented at the National Elementary School Guidance conference, Louisville, KY.

• Rogers,C. (1986). Carl Rogers on the Development of the Person-Centered Approach. Person-Centered Review.

1(3).257-259.

• Prout, H. T., & Brown, D. T. (1999). Counseling and psychotherapy with children and adolescents: Theory and

practice for school and clinical settings. Retrieved February 2, 2016, from

https://books.google.co.id/books?id=N6U6nvb8tlkC&printsec=frontcover&hl=id#v=onepage&q&f=false

• Gladding, S.T. (2013). Counseling: A Comprehensive Profession. 7thEd. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson

• Kirschenbaum, H. (2004). Carl Rogers’s life and works: An assessment on the 100th anniversary of his birth [Electronic

version]. Journal of Counseling and Development, 82, 116-124

• Rogers, C. R., & Dymond, R. F. (1954). Psychotherapy and personality change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press

• Thompson, C. L., Rudolph, L. B., & Henderson, D. A. (2004). Counseling children. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Brooks/Cole

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