COL 140

Simple sentences

Compound sentences

Complex sentences

Simple sentences

The UAE is one of the fastest growing countries in the world.

Compound sentences

The UAE is one of the fastest growing countries in the world and it is proud of this growth.

Complex sentences

The UAE is one of the fastest growing countries in the world because it has good leadership, .

Simple sentences

The UAE is one of the fastest growing countries in the world.

Compound sentences

The UAE is one of the fastest growing countries in the world and it is proud of this growth.

Complex sentences

The UAE is one of the fastest growing countries in the world because it has good leadership.

Cause Coordinators = for

Subordinators = because, since, as

Language of cause Reason, cause, rationale

Effect Coordinators = so

Transitions = as a result, therefore, thus, consequently

Language of effect Result, consequence, event, outcome

Cause

Coordinators = for

Subordinators = because, since, as

The UAE is growing fast because it has made good economic decisions in the past.

Since the UAE has made good economic decisions in the past, it has grown fast.

The UAE is growing fast. A reason for this is it has made good economic decisions in the past.

Effect

Coordinators = so

Transitions = as a result, therefore, thus, consequently

Language of effect

Result, consequence, event, outcome

Effect

Coordinators = so

Transitions = as a result, therefore, thus, consequently

The UAE is growing fast so it has much more traffic than before.

The UAE is growing fast. Consequently, ithas much more traffic than before.

The UAE is growing fast. As a result, it has much more traffic than before.

We have to be careful that there is a directrelationship of causality when one cause or a number of causes happens before an effect.

Mohamed and Mona move into a house. Then the fridge in the house breaks down. The owner of the house says that Mohamed and Mona are the reason that the fridge broke down because it had not happened until they moved in.

There is not a direct cause between Mohamed and Mona moving into the house and the effect of the fridge breaking down. It might have been an old fridge, it might have been an electrical issue in the house, etc.

Mohamed is a quiet child.

In art class, Mohamed paints only in black.

His teacher thinks he is depressed because he paints only in black and is quiet. So she sends him to a doctor for help.

What does the doctor discover?

Why does he paints only in black?

What does the doctor recommend the teacher do?

Mohamed is a quiet child.

In art class, Mohamed paints only in black.

His teacher thinks he is depressed because he paints only in black and is quiet. So she sends him to a doctor for help.

The doctor discovers the following.

Mohamed paints only in black because it is the colour closest to him. Consequently, the doctor tells the teacher Mohamed is fine.

A topic sentence presents the main idea of a paragraph. That is, what the paragraph will discuss.

It should be one complete sentence.

A cause and/or effect topic sentence should include the item/items which have been caused or upon which there is an effect. (e.g. deforestation).

It should mention the focus – cause / effect

E.g. The major causes of deforestation include….

E.g. The major effects of deforestation include…

It can list the points of cause/effect to be discussed.

E.g. The major causes of deforestation include demand for farming land, pressure for timber and the occurrence of fires.

E.g. The major effects of deforestation include erosion, loss of plant species and the loss of animal species.

It can state how many causes or effects are going to be discussed.

E.g. There are three major causes of deforestation.

E.g. There are three major effects of deforestation.

A topic sentence presents the main idea of a paragraph.

What the paragraph will discuss.

What the author’s purpose is in writing.

A cause and/or effect topic sentence includes the item(s) which have been caused or which there is an effect. (e.g. deforestation).

It should mention the focus – cause or effect

The major causes of deforestationinclude….

The major effects of deforestationinclude…

It can list the points of cause/effect to be discussed.

The major causes of deforestation include demand for farming land, pressure for timber and the occurrence of fires.

The major effects of deforestation include erosion, loss of plant species and the loss of animal species.

It can state how many causes or effects are going to be discussed.

There are three major causes of deforestation.

There are three major effects of deforestation.

if there is not time for research (i.e. a test).

You can support the important details (i.e. the causes or effects) with examples or common knowledge

if there is time for research.

You can support (i.e. the causes or effects) through research findings (opinions of experts, statistics, conclusions of studies, etc.) by using quotation, paraphrase or summary.

There are three major causes of deforestation. One reason is the ever increasing demand for land to farm on. Often there is a need to remove forests from the land in order to meet the local and international demand for agricultural land. In Brazil, for example, a lot of land was cleared of trees because farmers needed land to graze cattle on. Another cause of deforestation is the pressure for timber products. Trees themselves are considered valuable for building materials for houses and furniture; therefore, the need for wooden products often drives deforestation. For instance, in Indonesia there are many types of wood that are greatly valued in developed countries such as teak. A final reason for deforestation is through fires. These can be natural or man made. Natural fires typically occur in dry conditions through lightning strikes. Because of these natural fires, forests are burned. Man made fires can include arson or even hunting. All in all, the three major causes of deforestation include demand for farming land, pressure for timber products and the occurrence of fires.

Identify the topic sentence in the paragraph.

Identify the three important details.

Identify two types of support (e.g. examples).

Identify a subordinator of cause.

Identify a transition of cause.

What are the causes of pollution?