Cell organelle presentation

Prokaryote Vs. Eukaryote

Big differences

• Prokaryotes:– “Before nucleus”– Simple, smaller than Eukaryotic cells

• Eukaryotes– “True nucleus” – All Eukaryotes have three basic parts:

• Plasma membrane• Cytoplasm• Nucleus

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Prokayrotic Cells

• Kingdoms: – Archaeobacteria:

kingdom of primitive bacteria

• Oldest living organisms on earth

– Eubacteria: true bacteria





Characteristics

• General characteristics: – Cell wall: murein

• Penicillin: how it works

– Cell membrane– Genetic Material

• Naked DNA not enclosed by a membrane

– Prokaryotes are small– Not able to join into

tissue– Some move using

flagellums or cillia





Do NOT have

• Prokayrotes DO NOT HAVE: – Nucleus– Membrane bound

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Eukaryotic Cells

• Larger and more complex than prokaryotes

• Kingdoms: – Protista, animalia,

plantae,





Eukaryotic Cells

• Evolved from prokaryotic cells

• Contain membrane bound nucleus– DNA

• Contains specialized organelles “little organs”

• Have the ability to combine into specialized tissue



Essentials

• Eukaryotic Cells MUST HAVE: – PLASMA MEMBRANE

• Outer boundary of cell

– CYTOPLASM• Semi-fluid outside

nucleus

– NUCLEUS• Contains chromosomes

• Separated from cytoplasm



See the difference?



The Origin of Eukaryotic Cells

• Original Earth atmosphere did not contain oxygen

• Cynobacteria and archaea pumped oxygen into the environment – Give them a round of

applause



• Over millions of years oxygen became plentiful and cellular organisms evolved that could survive off of oxygen

• Problem for archaea– Anaerobic



Solution?

• Engulf aerobic bacteria into their plasma membrane – Aerobic

• Some anaerobic bacterium picked up smaller aerobic mitochondrion

– Evolved into mitochondria • Others happened to pick up

photosynthesizing smaller bacteria

– Evolved into chloroplasts • Now they’re dependent on each

other



Supporting evidence

• Mitochondria are considered proof for this theory – Contain their own

DNA– Enclosed in their

own membrane – Synthesize their own

energy



Resolution

• Organisms could flourish in new environment – Further evolution of

specialized organelles

• Over millions of years you get infinite types of eukaryotic cells.



What are organelles?

• Definition: – specialized

structures that perform important cellular functions in eukaryotic cells

• Factory analogy • Body organ analogy



As a group:

• For each organelle you will write: • DEFINITION: short description of what it looks

like, where it is found, how to recognize it– Example: Definition of an iPOD: a small

technological device that comes in a variety of colors and contains songs you can play

• The FUNCTION is what it does: its purpose– Function of an iPOD: used as a portable device to

play music and is often used when someone is studying or exercising.

In Small Groups

• In your small table groups fill out the diagram and DEFINITION AND FUNCTION of all the organelles in a Eukaryotic Cell

• Then: quiz each other on the functions and definitions and the origin of the Eukaryotic cell.

• At the end we will have a face off!!

Education

Cell organelle presentation