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15 th Century Italian Art- Humanism and Antiquity Chapter 21 p574

Chap 21 15th century italian art humanism and antiquity

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Page 1: Chap 21 15th century italian art  humanism and antiquity

15th Century Italian Art- Humanism and Antiquity

Chapter 21

p574

Page 2: Chap 21 15th century italian art  humanism and antiquity

Allure of Antiquity

• Humanism/ political/ economic

• Quest for knowledge- Greeks and Romans

• Dante – Divine Comedy ( Heaven & Hell)

• Humanist believed in individual potential and encouraged individual achievement along with civic responsibility.

Page 3: Chap 21 15th century italian art  humanism and antiquity

The Medici Family and Princely Courts

• Banking Family -Medici Family who had managed to prosper economically came to artistic circles

• Not a court family

• Princely courts- high demand for art/ many people working for the prince, court artists needed

Page 4: Chap 21 15th century italian art  humanism and antiquity

A Competition in 1330

• Florence baptistery doors

• Great prestige if you won

• Pisano and Giovanni did the south side doors

• The Subject – Sacrifice of Isaac for the second set of doors

Page 5: Chap 21 15th century italian art  humanism and antiquity

The Competition, Who Won?

Brunelleschi – Sacrifice of Isaac – 1400Drapery, flying Issac’s throat, knife

Ghiberti – Sacrifice of Isaac -1400, S Curve, posed, Roman?, nude male

Page 6: Chap 21 15th century italian art  humanism and antiquity

Donatello – Feast of Herod 1425

• Each character has a different face

• King Herod receives the head of John the Baptist.

• Horror • Children move back• Perspective- Ancient

Roman illusionism returned

Page 7: Chap 21 15th century italian art  humanism and antiquity

Ghiberti – the doors are lighter, more illusion

Page 8: Chap 21 15th century italian art  humanism and antiquity

Di Banco – Four Crowned Saints - 1408

• More space to work with

• Drapery• Rome• Saints• Personality• (saint means holy to

God)

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Donatello – St. Mark 1413

• Movement • Drapery• Doryphoros• Shifting weight• Outside niche?

Page 10: Chap 21 15th century italian art  humanism and antiquity

Habbakuk – Seer aka Pumpkin Head by Donatello

Page 11: Chap 21 15th century italian art  humanism and antiquity

Da Favriano- Adoration of the Magi - 1423

• Gentile, Gothic • Frame over elaborate• Experimental trends• Naturalistic meets

inventive• International style• Elaborate costumed

styles• Forshortened forms

Page 12: Chap 21 15th century italian art  humanism and antiquity

Masaccio – Tribute Money - 1427

• Descendant of Giotto, calm style• Tax collector – St. Peter retrieves money (state income tax)• Continuous Narrative –modeling – blurring of background as the background

descends

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Masaccio – Expulsion from Eden -

• Hazy background• Deep relief with light• Adam’s feet on the

ground represent the decent into the Earth

• They are stumbling in blindly

Page 14: Chap 21 15th century italian art  humanism and antiquity

Masaccio – Holy Trinity - 1428

• Illusionism important• Vanishing point at the

foot of the cross• Pictorial Illusionism• Made as a tombstone• Brunelleschi- inspired

architecture • Despair of death below

Page 15: Chap 21 15th century italian art  humanism and antiquity

Florence Cathedral – Dome – Brunelleschi - 1420

• Brunelleschi turned to arch after loosing the baptistery commission. Turned to architecture was heavily influenced by Roman architecture.

• Solve engineering problems, Used new building methods, made new machinery, made the dome a pointed arch

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Santo Spirito – Basilica ChurchBrunelleschi 1436

Rhythmic harmony , clarity no room for murals

Cruciform shape

Page 17: Chap 21 15th century italian art  humanism and antiquity

Private Chapels - Brunelleschi

Pazzi family gift to the church of Santo spirito, medallions serve on the corners as pendentives.

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Page 19: Chap 21 15th century italian art  humanism and antiquity

Medici as Patrons

• Medici’s had a fortune

• Cosimo intended to build his palace

• He had political power as well

• Wealthy families struggled for power, Medici’s got kicked out of Florence

• Hired Bartolommeo to work on his palace( Bart- worked with Donatello)

Page 20: Chap 21 15th century italian art  humanism and antiquity

Medici Palace 1445 - Bartolommeo

• Building looks higher as you look up

• Roman Rusticated masonry

• Independence from the antique

• Early Renaissance style

Page 21: Chap 21 15th century italian art  humanism and antiquity

Donatello – David Late 1420s

• Classically inspired• Commissioned by the

Medici’s• First free standing

sculpture since ancient times

• Classical nude• Biblical David slaying

Goliath

Page 22: Chap 21 15th century italian art  humanism and antiquity

Verrocchio - David

• Important sculptor during the late 15th century

• Very realistic, quiet, classic

• Hunter stance

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Pollaiuolo – Battle of the Ten Nudes - 1465

• Twisted bodies

• Viewpoints

• Nude figure

• Slashing no mercy

• muscles

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Botticelli – Birth of Venus- 1482

• Zephyrus blows Venus- born of sea foam and carried on a cockle shell to her sacred island Cyprus. Nymph covers her

• Mythology • Anatomy • Romance

Page 25: Chap 21 15th century italian art  humanism and antiquity

Rise of Portraiture –Botticelli 1480s (Tempera on Panel)

• Exploration of character – Botticelli

• Elegant hand gesture• Expressing• Worked with Fra

Filippo Lippi

Page 26: Chap 21 15th century italian art  humanism and antiquity

Equestrian Sculpture

• Dominant in character• Portrait of Erasmo da

Narni – 1450• Military leaders –

Venetian commander

Page 27: Chap 21 15th century italian art  humanism and antiquity

Ghirlandaio – Florentine Art 1488

• A wealthy man’s daughter

• Rigid, prominent placement

• Sacred

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Ghirlandaio – Saint Anne – mother of Mary - 1485

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Alberti – Florence Italy - 1452

• Classical elements to contemporary buildings

• Building – Palazzo Rucellai – 1452

• Lighter at top• Columns

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Alberti – Santa Maria Novella – 1458 –Rations, pre Gothic design,

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Images of Devotion

• Fra Angelico -1440• Dominican Monastery • Simple image, clarity

Page 32: Chap 21 15th century italian art  humanism and antiquity

Castagno – Last Supper -1447

• Biblical narrative• Perspective• Lavish• Both ceiling and floor visible?

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Perugino – Christ Delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to

Saint Peter – Vatican 1481Total Authority – Roman Catholic Church

- Rome

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Alberti – Sant ‘ Andrea-

1470 Classical elements, rebuilding a church