2. 3.4 NUTRITION 2 3. Nutrition (Group Work) What do you know
about proper nutrition? Where did you learn it? Do you think what
you know is common knowledge? How did your family eat? Did you all
eat together? Did you eat in front of the TV? Was there plenty of
junk food in your house? Was nutrition ever discussed? Were you
told to eat everything on your plate? 3 4. Nutrition Children born
this century may not live as long as their parents Why? Poor
childhood nutrition is associated with later Obesity Diabetes Heart
Disease Today 3 taller than in 1776 4 5. Nutrition More nutrients
More involved with peers Expressed more positive emotions Less
anxiety More curious Persistent Self- confident More alert Better
energy 5 6. Nutrition Poor nutrition Less energy Less physical
activity Less exploration Less attention to environmental stimuli
Diminished cognitive involvement Diminished development 6 7.
Nutrition Why is breakfast the most important meal of the day? 7 8.
Nutrition Why is breakfast the most important meal of the day?
Positive effect Memory Increased: Concentration Reasoning ability
Problem-solving Creativity 8 9. Nutrition
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5xQi-vMQ_c 9 10. Nutrition Habit
forming important Children who eat breakfast: More healthful food
choices More likely to keep proper weight Create lifetime of better
food choices 10 11. Nutrition Adolescent and breakfast More
independent choices Mean number of days eating breakfast drops 25%
Translates: Greater weight in early adulthood Males after 6 yrs. of
no breakfast 37% risk of overweight 11 12. Nutritional Needs
Parents worry Child eating enough? Dont worry Provide healthy
choices Toddlers & preschoolers Good at regulating nutritional
intake How do parents Encourage overeating Reward overeating
Problems? What should you feed your children? 12 13. Nutritional
Needs Daily basis kids need: Low in fat & high in fiber Protein
Lean meats such as chicken (low in fat) Meat, rice, soy, beans,
dairy and peanut butter. 13 14. Nutrition Daily basis kids need
cont.: High in Iron to prevent anemia Dark leafy Vegetables Iron
fortified cereal Meat Seafood Calcium-rich Diary, soy, vegetables,
nuts, fish Bones Teeth 14 15. Has eaten only instant noodles since
she was 5. (now 18) 53 & 98 lbs. 15 16.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zi_DaJKsCLo To eat or not eat
processed food? 16 17. Nutrition Children follow nutritional habits
of parents. Snacks in moderation Adolescents Poor eating habits
Additional healthy calories to support accelerated growth High need
for calcium beginning age 9 17 18. Overweight & Obesity in
Childhood Obesity: 20% higher than normal for height. 17% US
children & adolescents obese Since 1960s tripled Younger &
younger children diagnosed Breastfeeding may reduces risks
Overweight children susceptible in adulthood 18 19. Overweight
& Obesity in Childhood Health issues later: Cardiovascular
diseases Pulmonary Endocrine Orthopedic problems Risk of
psychological problems Lower self-esteem, tired, less attractive
Peer relations; rejection & withdrawal 19 20. Overweight &
Obesity in Childhood Motor development connected to brain
development Causes long-term effects of being overweight.
Overweight infants may create excess fat cells Causing possible
life long overweight Late motor development Cause of being
overweight Nature or nurture? Help? 20 21. Overweight Children
Treatment: Combination of Diet, weight loss programs Exercise,
calorie-burning activities Behavior modification, lifestyle changes
Daily diary Parents are very important for change Activity levels
are not hereditary What Are Central Issues in Childrens Health? 21
22. 22 23. 23 24. 24 25. Anorexia Nervosa Potentially
life-threatening eating disorder Primarily in adolescent &
young adult females Intense fear of becoming fat Distorted body
image Self-starvation 25 26. Anorexia Nervosa Potentially
life-threatening eating disorder Intense fear of becoming fat
Distorted body image Self-starvation Primarily in adolescent &
young adult females 10% die in 10 yrs. 20% die in 20 yrs. Recovery
about 1.7 yrs. 26 27. Anorexia Nervosa Highest mortality rate of
any mental disorder Starvation Cardiac arrest Suicide Depression 27
28. Anorexia Nervosa Pro-anoerxia web sites Tips & Tricks Make
yourself a snack, but instead of eating it throw it away. Leave the
dirty dishes where your parents can find them. They will think you
ate. Prepare a list of excuses as to why you can't eat - You're
sick, you're a vegetarian, allergic, etc. You'd be amazed at how
many good excuses there are. Get out of your house! If you're not
sitting around then people can't start shit with you about not
eating. Join a pro-ana group or start your own website. Anything
that will keep you motivated. 28 29. Anorexia (died 2010 age 38) 29
30. 30 31. Bulimia Nervosa 31 32. Bulimia Nervosa Eating disorder
Characterized by binges of eating followed by self-induced
vomiting. Binges Vomiting May after every meal Each morsel of food
or water 32 33. Bulimia Nervosa Exercise 3 hours a day
Self-medicate Speed Enemas Laxatives (whole box) Diuretics 33 34.
34 35. Dangers Associated with Bulimia Foreign Objects: Objects
used to induce purging. (rupture) Teeth rotted away from stomach
acid. Acid / food damage to esophagus. Finger skin & nail
damage from acid. Red spots around the eyes. Subconjunctival
hemorrhage Prevent absorption of needed vitamins & minerals
Skin ages. 35 36. 36 37. Bulimia Cause? Treatment Behavioral
Cognitive Family 37 38. Binge Eating Disorder Usually overweight
Rapidly eat unusually large amounts of food several times week.
Binge when alone Most common eating disorder among adolescents 1.6%
Cause unknown? Depression Brain chemicals Hormones 38 39. 39 40.
PUBERTY 3.5 40 41. Puberty Puberty Most important marker of
beginning of adolescence Ends before adolescence ends 41 42.
Puberty Rapid physical maturation Hormonal Bodily changes Most
noticeable changes Signs of sexual maturation Increases Height
Weight 42 43. Age of Puberty Boys 11 Girls 9 -13 Affect pubertys
timing & makeup Nutrition Health Other environmental factors?
44 44. Hormones Affect Hormones Suppress or activate Behavior Moods
Stress Eating patterns Exercise Sexual activity 45 45. Puberty
Girls Early adolescence Outweigh boys Tall or taller than boys Mean
age growth spurt at 10 yrs. Boys Mean age growth spurt 12 yrs. Can
be 5 or more yr. 46 46. 47 47. Puberty in Girls
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECVT0MymH5o 48 48. Increase in
estrogen Hormone associated with development of: Widening of the
hips (wider birth canal) Breast Uterus & vagina Skeletal
Distribution of fat Hips, legs, & breast Skin becomes softer
Puberty in Girls 49 49. Puberty in Girls Breast budding 1st visual
sign of sexual development Menarche (period) follows in 2 3 yrs.
Ova becoming mature enough to be fertilized Puberty ends in 2 - 6
yrs. 50 50. 51 51. Early Puberty in Girls
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dH5ZJPtOacQ 52 52.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7yItmI6xgbY 53 53. Gonads:
Testosterone Hormone associated with development of: Genitals
Increase in height Deeping in voice Enlargement of Adams apple
Increased muscle mass Facial & body hair Broadening of
shoulders Skin coarser 54 Puberty in Boys 54. 55 55. 56 56. Puberty
Girls 8-year-olds puberty: 15% of white girls 50% of
African-American girls Rise in early puberty linked to: Rise in
obesity in U.S. children Environment Genetics Concerns of breast
cancers in these girls later 57 57. Gender Differences in Body
Image Adolescents preoccupied with their bodies Develop images of
what their bodies are like Girls less happy with their bodies more
negative body images 58 58. Boys More satisfied with their body
Probably due to muscle mass increases Gender Differences in Body
Image 59 59. Early and Late Maturation Mature earlier or later
perceive selves differently In what ways? 60 60. Early maturation
increases vulnerability to problems More likely to: Attention from
older boys Greater rates of delinquency Drink Depressed Do poorly
in school Anxious Drug use Earlier sexual experiences Early and
Late Maturation 61
