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Introduction Part 1: Value Proposition

Vision

In the year 2000 the United Nations officially established the 8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by the target date of 2015.[1] 4 out of these 8 goals are focusing on healthcare. However, there is no certainty that these goals will actually be attained due to several problems within the African continent. Especially in sub-Saharan Africa were 20% of the world’s population and only 2% of the world’s physicians live.[2] In addition, the African continent is struck by approximately 130 disasters influencing the lives of more than 30 million people each year, increasing the need of healthcare personnel and facilities.[3]

Several healthcare charity foundations such as Unicef, Red Cross, MSF and AHP are providing relief work in these areas, however they often lack good facilities and have limited resources. The SusBox can provide them an all-in-one solution, giving the foundations the resources and transportable facilities they need. The African Health Placement (AHP) indicated that they helped 2,9 million people with 450 doctors in a 2012. That is approximately 18 people every day per doctor working in different locations and in different dangerous environments. The SusBox can increase this number with 30%, increasing the amount of helped victims to 24 people every day. This will help the lives of almost 4 million people and that is only by providing the resources for the AHP.

Mission

The SusBox will provide the healthcare charity foundations, currently working in the sub-Saharan Africa, with a transportable self-sustaining healthcare facility. Currently they have a limited efficiency due to the weather conditions, dangerous working environment and limited working hours. The SusBox can increase the efficiency due to the following functions: Robust Shelter – Operational in different weather conditions and environments.Energy Independent – Providing electricity for medicine cooling and lighting.Clean Water Supply – Gravitational water purification system containing water for 1 week.

The Susbox creates new opportunities for relief workers to work in a self-sustaining environment without having concern about external factors, such as extreme weather conditions and wild animals, and due to the integration of lighting they can easily work in the evening if emergencies occur. At the same time the water can be used as drinking supply or as cleaning water for wounds and other medical applications. By offering the SusBox to the current healthcare charity foundations we hope to help with achieving the Millennium Development Goals by offering a better transportable facility.

"A business that makes nothing but money is a poor business." - Henry Ford We live in the year 2013 and in an age where sustainability is a way of life not a luxury but a necessity. As quoted above, we put our best foot forward to conceptualise a business, not for money but for welfare. Though we cannot dispute that we have to make money in this process as that is the only way to sustain any business, however, that was not the primary aim behind our concept. We are a team of 5 students from various fields of study which range from industrial design to ecology , from chemical engineering to systems and control which led us to focus on innovation as the core thought process. We had our own different perspective which with brainstorming became refined into the concept of SusBox. Certainly SusBox was not the first idea we came up with. Our aim was to think of an idea that is an immediate need and we could already think of Green buildings through Building Information modelling. This idea as the basis, we tried to reflect on more concrete demands of the world like housing and offices due to the shortage of space and finances. It was easy for us to think of recycling waste containers as houses as this concept is already in practice in The Netherlands. We try to put this concept to use in health care as we see an immediate need there for our business. With a robust, self sustaining structure in SusBox we provide a cornerstone for sustainable relief work.

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Part 2: AnalysisAmbition

The main goal of the SusBox is to help the lives of victims of natural disasters all over the world by providing the SusBox in disaster struck areas. In order to reach this goal we will use the triple P framework to assure that also the sub goals will be achieved. First of all we will support people with offering healthcare and give the relief workers the opportunity to do their work under better circumstances. Second of all we take into account that the planet should be taken care of and the environmental impact should be minimized by using green technology and sustainable materials and applying it in the SusBox. Third of all, profit is necessary for a sustainable continuation and expansion of the company. However, in order to reach our main goal we will firstly focus on providing healthcare in the sub-Saharan Africa. The logistics and location of South Africa can be used as an advantage in providing better healthcare in the neighboring countries such as, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, while closely working with locals and healthcare foundations such as the Africa Health Placements, Unicef, MSF, etc.Other stakeholders for the project can been seen in Figure 1. The first goal is to provide sufficient SusBoxes for in the sub-Saharan Africa by providing all the 450 AHP doctors their own transportable facility in the first four years, this is mainly to reduce the investment risk. The SusBox will be sold to the Healthcare Foundations with a one year maintenance service which can be extended for another year for an additional price. After increasing the amount of helped victims with 30% and having a more stable business and income we would like to expand the business more northwards to the middle and north of Africa and eventually make the step to other continents all over the world, producing more than 100 SusBoxes every year.

Figure 1. The main stakeholders within the project

2.1 Sustainability Analysis

People, planet and profit are the triple bottom line of sustainability. From a people point of view SusBox can contribute to the improvement of living conditions. With the Susbox, healthcare is provided at places without power and water facilities and comfort is higher than in emergency tents. If the boxes and integrated technologies such as solar panels and biogas production tanks are left behind when the organization is finished, these facilities can still be used by the community to improve their living conditions.

The impacts on the planet are low due to the reused container construction that prevents mining of metals or cutting trees. Countries with more imports than exports are building up a surplus of used containers that are not attractive to recycle. Existing doors function to lock the box from the outside. Locating the production of SusBox in South Africa can give a secure supply of materials and proximity of clients located in other southern African countries. Also other materials used are chosen with the environment in mind as described in section 2.3 on LCA.

A project can only be sustainable if it is also economically feasible. Development organisations have received less development aid in 2011 than in 2010 due to the economic crisis. This forces them to work more cost efficient or make choices where they can help. SusBox provides a shelter solution at competitive price that takes away any worries from the organisation. It is competitive priced in comparison to brick or concrete constructions. When using SusBox as transportation container for school books, medical supplies and other needs, costs could be further decreased.

2.2 Tech analysis

The technology inside the SusBox makes use of solar energy as it’s main source of energy to make itself energy independent.On a broad scope the technology at SusBox can be divided into 2 categories.

1. Water management technology 2. Electrical Technology

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Water Management technology [5]

The water technology is further subdivided into two - drinking water and sink watertechnology for drinking water uses traditional methods, which makes use of gravity as the driving force to filter the water. The biggest advantage for this technology is that it doesn't require any energy hence it is our choice. The subdivided water technology can be seen in figure 2.

Figure 2. A insight into how this technology works

The technology is centered around the adsorption of organic impurities in water that contains activated carbon particles which form the cake inside the filter. Activated Carbon (AC) works by attracting and holding certain chemicals as water passes through it. Because AC is a highly porous material, it has an extremely high surface area for contaminant adsorption. The equivalent surface area of 1 pound of AC ranges from 60 to 150 acres.AC is made of tiny clusters of carbon atoms stacked upon one another. The carbon source is a variety of materials, such as peanut shells or coal. The raw carbon source is slowly heated in the absence of air to produce a high carbon material. Passing oxidizing gases through the material at extremely high temperatures activates the carbon. The activation process produces the pores that result in such high adsorptive properties.The adsorption process depends on the following factors:1. Physical properties of the AC, such as pore size distribution and surface area2. The chemical nature of the carbon source, or the amount of oxygen and hydrogen associated with it;3. Chemical composition and concentration of the contaminant;4. The temperature and pH of the water; and5. The flow rate or time exposure of water to AC Activated carbon (AC) filtration is most effective in removing organic contaminants from water. Organic substances are composed of two basic elements, carbon and hydrogen. Because organic chemicals are often responsible for taste, odor, and color problems, AC filtration can generally be used to improve aesthetically objectional water. AC filtration will also remove chlorine.Similar to other types of water treatment, AC filtration is effective for some contaminants and not effective for others. AC filtration does not remove microbes, sodium, nitrates, fluoride and hardness. Lead and other heavy metals are removed only by a very specific type of AC filter.

Electrical Technology

Figure 3. A insight of the electrical components

In order to satisfy the energy needs of the SusBox we use solar power in the form of a 245 W solar panel to power a Sundazer refrigerator which does not require a battery and directly converts the solar power into the usable form of energy. The excess solar energy from this process is stored in a battery. The capacity of a battery to be used is decided after some calculations which can be shown as follows:

Total energy required, E = 1000 Wh / day Backup in case of panel failure = 3 daysTotal required energy max = 3 X 1000 = 3000 Wh/dayDepth of Discharge = 0.7 (from heuristics)Demand final = 3000/0.7 = 4285.7 Wh/dayLowest temperature factor = 1.11 => 4285.7 X 1.11 = 4756.35 Wh/dayDesign based on 24 W system we have, 4756.7/24 = 198 Contingency factor = 100 AhTotal battery specs = approx. 300 Ah battery

Based on economics we can select the size of the battery pack which varies by location, however a global overview of the energy needs of the box can be seen in Figure 3..From the calculations plus taking into account contingency factors we come up with a 300-400 Ah battery capacity to store energy.This energy which is stored in the battery is used to drive the various electrical components in the box which includes ventilators , lamps, fans, tube-lights and power sockets for charging devices. Tabulated ratings of the various electrical components are as following:

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2.3 LCA

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) data are used to select the best materials from an environmental perspective. This simplified LCA compares typical alternative building materials in the Netherlands. Data about the South African situation are not available but will probably not differ much from the Dutch situation. With respect to transport more detailed data from South Africa can be used.

The inside of standard 3 by 6 meter containers will be insulated and covered with board material to keep the solar heat and night cold out. Softwood laths that are approved by FSC or a similar certification are the best environmental choice as published by NIBE on www.nibe.info. Cellulose insulation is one of the best choices to insulate the walls and ceiling against heat. Window and door frames should be made from wood from certified sustainable managed forests. Glass windows make sure that dust cannot enter the box and the door can best be made from MDF. Steel bars in front of windows are used for security. Total environmental costs of the entire infill are 105 euros as can be seen in appendix 1.

Transport by 24k truck uses about 0.42 litres of diesel per km[6]. With an average transport distance of 1,000 km the environmental costs are 266 euros. So transport has more environmental costs than the used materials. When SusBoxes are used for transportation of other goods such as food supplies then environmental impact becomes lower from avoided food transportation kilometres. Of course the transport takes place every time a SusBox has to be moved while materials are only produced once.

Figure 4. Container houses in Japan by architect Shigeru Ban [7]

Comparison with conventional alternatives could be a building from stone or prefabricated elements. Corrugated steel roofs are often placed on steel trusses and columns. The used materials are very uncertain but the same size building could have 680 euros of environmental costs. This is also elaborated in appendix 1.

Figure 5. Conventional concrete emergency shelter [8]

2.4 IP analysis (Intellectual Property)

It is of utmost importance to safeguard an idea for a business. By doing so entrepreneurs can be protect their concept from being exploited by others. Since the idea is the heart of the business, money is invested by entrepreneurs to protect their idea and thrive in a competitive environment. Some advantages of having Intellectual property rights include the following:- It protects an idea from being copied by competitors in the same segment of the market.- Having a registered IP helps in forming a good image of the business amongst customers.- IP gives an opportunity of another asset which can keep the business afloat.- With a registered IP , a business can easily licence their idea to other businesses and expand their market of interest.

Use of LCA data for making material choices is not protected intellectual property. This means that other parties can do the same without investing much effort. Our competitive advantage is that LCA data and material costs will be stored in a database that is only accessible to us. With Building Information Modeling (BIM) the database can be used to get real time information about costs and environmental impacts from LCA data. This will create an objective and time saving workflow that will stop potential customers from changing to other imitation-SusBox suppliers.

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2.5 Market analysis

We mainly focus on the disaster aid market in the sub-Saharan Africa, and we are especially aiming at providing the self-sustaining healthcare facility and temporary shelter for the victims in that situation. Especially since the African continent is struck by approximately 130 disasters influencing the lives of more than 30 million people each year, but only 2% of the world’s physicians are active in this area. In addition, they have a limited efficiency due to the weather conditions, dangerous environment and limited working hours, increasing the need of healthcare personnel and facilities. The logistics and location of South Africa can be used as an advantage in providing better healthcare in the neighboring countries such as, Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, while closely working with locals and health care foundations. Our product will be sold via B2C channels. Because in our business plan, the first step is reaching the Healthcare Foundations such as Africa Health Placements, UNICEF, Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), etc, with a one year maintenance service which can be extended for another year for an additional price. If these foundations would like to use our product, they will contact with the African government and discuss the details of the usage in the particular place and time. So far, the SusBox is the only self-sustaining temporary shelter at present. There are some other different kind of temporary housing products in the market, such as the Spacebox in the campus of the TU Delft. And in the market we found some suppliers for the disaster aid which can be our competitors. For example, Diamond Brand has also designed and produced Disaster Relief tents for humanitarian use and to relief organizations such as FEMA, USAID, and Samaritan’s Purse. Another famous supplier is Warner Shelter Systems Limited (WSSL). But what is deserved to be mentioned none of them can generate energy and supply clean water to the user. Providing a robust and energy independent shelter is the innovation and unique selling point of our product. This is also the reason why the SusBox is suited for disaster situation and emergency aid in some places where the resource shortage problem occurs.

2.6 Need assessment

Considering the needs of our customers, the hostile environment in the natural disaster environment should be taken into account. Our research pointed out that the energy supply would be a tremendous problem in the disaster area. Because it relates to the basic needs of the victims, so it would be really helpful if our product can generate the energy for lighting, heating and other basic needs. To provide a reliable living space is also important in the emergency aid, but most of the temporary shelters are simple and crude nowadays. Especially for the victims in the disaster, they should have a warm and safe temporary living space. Some statistics indicate that 1,1 million children die of no or limited (clean) water, sanitation & hygiene. We noticed how significance the health care is in the disaster area. Thus we conclude the user needs in these three respects: energy supply, safe shelter and healthcare facility. So if the SusBox can generate enough energy to support the daily life of the victims, they don’t need to worry about the lower temperature at night, since the heater and isolation can stabilize the temperature in the room. And the children can be taken care off better in the safe and comfortable shelter. Since clean water is difficult to obtain in such places, a gravitational water purification system is integrated that contains water for approximately 1 week. Moreover, the clean water and the energy generation system also can be used for the healthcare facility, such as the cooling of the medicine storage or cleaning wounds. Therefore, our main goal is to help the lives of victims of natural disasters by providing the SusBox in disaster struck areas. In order to reach this goal we will firstly focus on providing healthcare in the sub-Saharan Africa by the self-sustaining energy system and clean water supply in a safe shelter. As said before in the market analysis, first we will reach the health care Foundations and see if our product can fit in the usage situation. So once they are satisfied with what we can provide, they can ask the money from the government to pay for the SusBox. However, of course we also have some competitors. But these kinds of products don’t have the advantages of energy independent. So that is the strong points of the SusBox, and that is why I think we have the chance to get into this market nowadays. In this existing market, people are more and more looking forward to see the high efficiency and environmental friendly solutions. Since it will charge a lot of resource to rebuild the homeland after the disaster, so it is important for them to save the energy usage in that situation, especially for the shortage resource place. Following this trend, it is not so difficult for our new product to enter the existing temporary housing market. By the green technologies, SusBox can bring a lot benefits to the victims and governments.

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2.7 SWOT Analysis

SWOT stands for Strengths , Weakness , Opportunities and Threats. In any business these four factors can help in deciding the feasibility of the model whether it will be successful or not. The Strengths and Weaknesses decide the positive and the negative parts of one’s business and the other two in Opportunities and Threats help in indicating the external environment in which the business will exist.

A SWOT analysis can offer helpful perspectives at any stage of an effort. You might use it to:- Explore possibilities for our business problem solving.- Make decisions about the best way to apply our initiative. Identifying our opportunities for success in context of threats to success can clarify directions and choices.- Determine where change is possible. If we are at a juncture or turning point, an inventory of our strengths and weaknesses can reveal priorities as well as possibilities.- Adjust and refine plans mid-course. A new opportunity might open wider avenues, while a new threat could close a path that once existed.- SWOT also offers a simple way of communicating about your initiative or program and an excellent way to organize information we've gathered from studies or surveys. STRENGTHS- Off grid solution- Robust structure- Easy assembly- Green technology

WEAKNESS- Expensive- Transport is an issue.- Not independent so can be delayed.- Maintenance can be problematic in remote areas. OPPORTUNITIES- Market for health care in Africa is legitimate- Market trends in other disaster areas can be a good option- A collaboration with NGOs is a feasible option- Shipping goods inside the containers

THREATS- Government policies in disaster stricken areas can be a hindrance.- Cheap alternatives can be preferred

Figure 6. Swot analysis

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2.8 Cost Structure/Revenue

Since we are a product based company, our initial investment will be mainly focussed towards installing a small scale industry where the assembling of the SusBox will be done and for the development of the initial prototypes and models of the SusBoxes. And since our primary target group are the 3rd world African countries, the duties and taxes involved in the establishing the industry or running our business will also be included in the initial investment. The total initial investment is predicted at Euro 414000. The split has been explained in detail. We have planned to set up a small scale industry on a temporary basis. So depending on the demand of the product we can shift our industry to the respective country or state. Due to this, we will be able cut down the heavy transportation charges. It includes the cost of the land, equipment and the plant. The cost of the land can vary from country to country depending on the country laws and policies. But the overall cost is estimated at Euro 200000.

Then depending on the country, there will be taxes and legal costs for which we have to pay the government. But, since our business is helping the country in improving the living conditions, we will be provided with subsidies from the Government. The total estimate for the legal Expenses has been accounted for Euro 5000. After setting up the factory, in order to attract our customers, we have planned to build a prototype of our product. This prototype along with the initial inventory will cost for an approximate amount of Euro 30000. This includes the cost of all the inventories required to build 5 Susboxes. And finally there is a part of investment reserved for losses. If in unfortunate cases, we don’t make enough profit for keeping the business running, the reserve will help save our company during financial crisis. This reserve is planned as Euro 10000. The table below tabulates the different initial investments made:

Figure 7. The different initial investments

The Individual Cost of a SusBox is estimated at Euro 6380. It involves all the material cost and installing cost involved in making a SusBox. With the effective cost of Euro 6380 we plan to sell the Susbox at Euro 9000. Hence providing us a marginal profit of almost euro 2500 for every Susbox. The inventories required for assembling a SusBox will be imported from different countries according to the availability. The containers used for our SusBoxes will be the ones which are not utilized anymore by the shipping industries. We are in talks with different container companies for providing us the best deal.

A table has been given which describes the individual cost of each Susbox. The rates are subjected to change according to the rates of a particular country.

Figure 8. Estimated cost per SusBox

For manufacturing the Susbox and for setting up the factory, we plan to hire 20 labours from the local place where we are planning to set up the industry. Proper training and guidance will be provided to the labours so that the work is carried out efficiently. Each labour will be paid an amount of Euro 200. This payment will be on monthly basis. The number of labours involved will depend on the demand and supply of the Susboxes, by this way we are not only helping our business grow, but also help the government by providing more employment opportunities. After the assembling part, the Susboxes has to be transported to different sites for which there will be extra transportation charges. These costs are accounted for Euro 2000 which again depends from country to country.

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SusBox will be sold to clients with maintenance for one year included. After one year of service an additional service contract can be signed. Selling a service instead of a product is possible at a later stage when initial investments are paid back. Our primary revenue target will be to achieve a production of 100 SusBoxes in our first year. Each SusBox will be sold at a price of € 9.000 resulting in year-end revenue of € 900.000. With the following revenue we have planned to achieve our break-even point in 2.5 to 3 years time. This period is subjected it change according to the changes in the demand of our product. As our business grows we will be able to produce more SusBoxes by establishing our presence in different countries.

Our primary target market will be the already established NGO's and the government health organisations. Any other non-profit organization which helps in improving the health and living conditions of the people will also be in our focus. In the future we plan to sell our product as human dwellings for universities and other student housings.

2.9 Key partners

The SusBox is aiming to help the victims of disasters, however this can’t be achieved without support of certain key partners in the project. Within this chapter different key partners will be addressed and it is briefly explained what their importance is and what they provide at a certain stage of the project. The key partners are divided in 5 groups, each being explained below:- Humanitarian aid (Unicef, AHP, MSF)- Government (Local government)- Engineering & construction experts- Financial & Intellectual Property partners (Kempen & Co, ECN)- Container Suppliers

Humanitarian aidThe main key partners are the humanitarian aids, since they provide direct resources to the victims such as temporarily shelter, food and water. After contacting these humanitarian aids it was found that they often go to the location of the disaster and create a support plan at the location of the disaster itself. Therefore, the humanitarian aids contact the local government in order to get their support and obtain a better understanding of the situation. For the SusBox it is important to work together with these aids since they can provide specific requirements on their needs at different locations so the SusBox can be specifically adapted to support these aids effectively.

GovernmentThe (local) governments of struck countries have an high importance, since they provide information and permission to the humanitarian aids when a disaster occurred. Another reason for SusBox to have key partners in the sub-Saharan Africa governments is to enable us to deploy the Susboxes in a legal, fast and efficient way. Furthermore the government can support the humanitarian aids by paying the costs for the SusBoxes and providing the specific resources that are needed by themselves with the help of SusBox. The governments will be approached with help of the humanitarian aids as key partners, since they can help convince the governments that the SusBox is an all-in-one and efficient solution during the time the humanitarian aid is providing their support.

Engineering & construction expertsThe SusBox still needs to be produced and has to fulfill all the safety requirements, for example concerning transportation and usage, and regulations of the (local) governments. Therefore, engineering & construction experts are needed in order to combine all the used technologies in the SusBox and to make sure the SusBox is safe to use in different environmental conditions. They are mainly involved in the production of the SusBox and in improving or adapting the design for more specific requirements, such as extreme weather conditions etc.

Financial & intellectual property partnersSusBox also consulted financial and intellectual property partners, such as Kempen & Co and ECN, in order to have a better insight in the financial side of the project and making it more profitable. Kempen & Co can be an important key partner as an investment bank by providing business strategies and a starting budget for the project. Additionally ECN was also consulted to give more insight in how to sustain our technology and knowledge within the company and protect it to create a competitive business advantage within the field of expertise.

Container suppliersThe last key partner would be the supplier for the containers and transportation towards the desired location. Since SusBox would be focusing on the sub-Saharan Africa, the supplied containers would come from the Durban Harbor located in South Africa. Transnet [9] would possibly be one of the providers of sea containers and transportation, since they are already located at the Durban Harbor and SusBox can efficiently use the sea containers that are not allowed to be used for transport anymore.

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2.10 Analysis of the context

The production of the SusBox in South Africa and logistics to sub-Saharan countries deserves some attention. Doing business in these countries will be different than we are used to in Europe. As a production location for SusBox we have chosen for South Africa because there are already resources and good infrastructure available. Neighboring countries where SusBoxes can be deployed are accessible by road transport.

South Africa suffered from apartheid until the 1990s where society was divided between white and African people. After elections in 1994 won by Nelson Mandela’s ANC, policies were focused on repairing injustice from the past. In reality the division between rich and poor has only become larger. African people are now discriminated to have preference for government and many jobs with businesses. The wealthy upper class currently consists of a mix of different races. Unemployment is estimated to be as high as 48% in 2009[10]. Criminality is a major problem and violent murders occur against the white Boer inhabitants[11]. This violent climate makes people reluctant to do long term investments that could lead to further development. For example the lack of portable water could be solved by more water efficient technologies. HIV contamination is also considered to be a national crisis with 5.6 million people carrying the virus and 310,000 deaths in 2009[12]. This causes the population to decrease in size with 0.46% per year now.

Development aid for Africa related to healthcare was over 6 billion USD in 2011[13]. Mozambique received in million USD 766, Zambia 405, Zimbabwe 130 and Namibia 95 for healthcare. A large part is for population policies including HIV/aids control. Infrastructure between South Africa and Namibia can be considered good for African standards. Mozambique and Zimbabwe experienced civil wars in the 1980s that demolished many roads. Infrastructure is still under development to be improved to decrease transport distances. In general transport between these countries is however possible.

Corruption is a factor to take into account when doing business in many African countries. About 10% of development aid is lost due to corruption[14]. Government officials have a monopoly on their activities that make corruption possible. By cooperating with these practices, development organizations help to keep it in place but there are often no alternatives to get things done. Better education and transparency are ways to counteract corruption on the long term.

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Part 3: Feasibility of the business model

The idea of dwellings like Susboxes has already been implemented in Europe in different ways. For example Spaceboxes is a concept made especially for students. It also utilizes shipping containers which are converted into housing complexes. There are also other companies which utilize containers for different other purposes. But SusBoxes has been made keeping in focus, a specific market and for a specific group of people. Our company targets the sub-African countries. These countries have been analysed as the counties in which there is an immediate and prolonged requirement of housing complexes like SusBoxes. We not only seek for development and profit for our company but also are a part for developing the society. With this attitude we have a good chance to attract customers, namely the government whose main motto is to develop the conditions of the society and other NGOs We also found that there are almost no companies which targets this kind of specific group.

The fact that we convert the containers into energy efficient dwellings gives us even more upper hand than our competitors. Techniques such as LCA and other energy efficient equipment help in making the Susbox as totally energy independent and sustainable. Utilizing such technologies we aim at providing a housing place which is robust and fully energy independent at the same time. Some of the main features due to which SusBox will be a success are: - Profit making being not the only motive but also to an attitude to help people and upliftment of the society.- Almost no competitors for our target group in specific- Totally energy efficient and sustainable

Delivering SusBoxes to health care NGO’s in emergency areas can let them focus on what they are good at: helping people. They do not have to worry about logistics of their accommodation, energy, and food supply. With water storage for one week they can wash hands and drink water from the gravity fed activated carbon filter. Delivering other goods at the same time can provide additional revenues not taken into account in the chapter on Profit.

Future expansion is possible with supplying the SusBox to other organizations as well such as Doctors Without Borders. SusBox also provides the option to quickly construct entire villages. After proving the concept with health care other markets can be explored. With more demand in Asia and South America there could be more assembling locations in these continents.

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Appendix: LCA data

Figure 1, board material LCA

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Reference

[1] United Nations, Mil lennium Development Goals, http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/

[2] African Health Placements, Who we are, http://www.ahp.org.za/about-ahp/who-we-are

[3] Wereldrampenkaart 2011, Rode Kruis, http://www.rodekruis.nl/actueel/pers/documents/wereldrampenkaart%202011.pdf [4] African Health Placements, Milestones, http://www.ahp.org.za/about-ahp/ahp-milestones

[5] Treatment Systems for Household Water Supplies: Activated Carbon Filtration , University of Minnesota

[6] Brent, A., 2010. Life cycle inventories to assess value chains in the South African biofuels industry. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 21 (4) p.15-26

[7] Inhabitat, 2011, http://inhabitat.com/ex-container-project-provides-shipping-container-housing-for-victims-of-japan-earthquake

[8] Inhabitat, 2011, http://inhabitat.com/plastic-formwork-system/plastic-formwork-system-2/

[9]Transnet, http://www.transnet.net/Pages/Home.aspx

[10] CIA, 2013, www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html

[11] Trouw, 2010, www.trouw.nl/nieuws/wereld/article2976849.ece

[12] CIA, 2013, www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sf.html

[13] OECD

[14] ISSUU, 2013, Hoe komt het dat Afrika de Millenium doelstellingen niet haalt?, http://issuu.com/mondiaalnieuws/docs/mo-paper73_benin

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Figure 2, insulation material LCA

Figure 3, window and door frame material LCA

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TABLE 1, MATERIAL LCA FOR SUSBOX

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TABLE 2, MATERIAL LCA FOR ALTERNATIVE