K Ramesh RaoMCL SBM( HISTORY DEPARTMENT)

Harinagar, New Delhi-64

India- climate, vegetation and wildlife

TEMPERATURE The day to day changes in the

atmosphere is known as temperature. It includes changes in the temperature, rainfall and sunshine etc.

Broadly the major seasons recognised in India

Cold weather season Hot weather season Rainy season Autumn season

• Winter season- the rays of the sun do not fall directly on the region.• Summer season- the rays of the sun directly fall on the region. • Rainy season- winds blow from Arabian sea and Bay of Bengal

towards the land. They carry moisture with them. When these winds strike the mountain barriers, rainfall occurs.• Autumn season- winds move back from the mainland to the Bay of

Bengal.

CLIMATE

Average weather conditions Which have been observed over many years. • How will you define the climate of India • The climate of India is a Monsoon type climate.• The term monsoon is derived from the Arabic word Mausim means seasons.

• India is located in the tropical region so most of the rain is brought by monsoon winds. Agriculture in India is dependent on rains. Good monsoon mean adequate rain and a beautiful crop.• The climate of a place depends on the various factors like: location, altitude,

distance from the sea, and relief.• Eg : Jaisalmar in the desert of Rajasthan is very hot and the Drass in Jammu

and Kashmir is freezing cold.

Natural vegetation Due to varied climatic conditions India has a wide range of natural vegetation. Vegetation is divided into five types: Tropical evergreen forest

Tropical deciduous forest

Thorny bushes

Mountain vegetation

Mangrove forest.

Tropical Evergreen Forest a) In the areas which receive heavy rainfallb) They are so dense that sunlight does not reach to groundc) They are called evergreen because many trees shed their leaves at different

times so they appear green all the time.

d) The names of the important trees found in this forest are: Mahogany, Ebony and Rosewood.e) Andaman and Nicobar islands , the part of north- Eastern states and a narrow strip of western ghats are home of these forest.

Tropical Deciduous forest.

a) These forest are also called monsoon forest.b) Less dense.c) Shed their leaves at a particular period of time.

a) Important trees of these forest are: Sal, Teak, Peepal, Neem and Shisham.b) Found in Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh ,

Odisha and some parts of Maharashtra

Thorny bushes

a) Found in dry areas of a countryb) The leaves are in the form of spines to reduce the loss of water

c) Eg: Cactus, Khair, Babool, Keekar, d) They are found in the following states: Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, Eastern slopes of Western Ghats and Gujarat.

Mountain Vegetation

a) Found in the mountain region according to the height.b) With increase in the height the temperature fallsc) Most of the trees are conical in shape.

d) These trees are called Coniferous trees. e) Eg: Chir, Pine and Deodar are important trees.

Mangrove forest

a) These forest survive in the saline water.b) Mostly found in Sunderbans in West Bengal and Andaman and Nicobar island.c) Sundari is a well- known species of trees in mangrove after which Sunderbans

have been named.

Plants release oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide.Roots of the plants binds the soil and help soil erosion.Forest provide us timber for furniture, medicinal plants, fuel, fodder, herbs and

honey.

Natural vegetation has been destroyed to an extent because of the reckless cutting of trees. We should plant more trees.

We should celebrate festival like Van Mahostav.

wildlife Forest are home to a variety of wild life.

National animal

a) Tiger is our national animal.b) It is found in various parts of the country.

National bird a) Peacock is our national bird b) Other common birds are pigeons, geese bulbul and ducks.

The government of India has started projects like Project Tiger and Project Elephant to protect them from human beings as we were forgetting the importance of them in our environment only for our selfish desires,

Lastly I would like to say that everything is important in our environment. So lets take a pledge that we

will not disturb our environment.

K Ramesh RaoMCL SBM( HISTORY DEPARTMENT)

Harinagar, New Delhi-64