Collaborative Reflection Insights from the MIRROR project presented @ CSCL 2013

Individual and Collaborative Reflection at Work: Support for Workplace Learning in Healthcare Michael Prilla1, Krista de Leeuw2, Ulrike Cress2, Thomas Herrmann1

1Information and Technology Management, Ruhr University of Bochum 2Knowledge Media Research Center, Tübingen

Individual and Collaborative Reflection at Work – Prilla, Herrmann, deLeeuw, Cress @ CSCL 2013

Reflection: Transforming experiences into learning.Every day.


Reflection: Transforming experiences into learning.At Work.Collaboratively.

Behavior

Ideas

Feelings

Returning to experience

Attending to feelings

Re-evaluating experience

New perspectives

Change in behavior

Readiness for application

Commitment to action

Experience(s)Reflective

process Outcomes

Articulating, sharing(similar) experience(s)

Articulating, sharinginsights / outcomesShared perspectives,shared understanding

Coordinating and embedding group processes of reflection into work

Critical / counterfactual thinking

Inference, abstraction


A Collaborative Reflection BlueprintArticulation and Essential Steps (Prilla, Degeling and Herrmann 2012)

Documentation/ data capturing(data about work)

Articulation

Collaborative reflection

(discussion, meaning making, negotiation, ...)

Sustaining outcomes

(documenting, planning implementation)

Individual reflection

(understanding / meaning making, ...)


Use Case: Conversations with RelativesCollaborative Reflection to acquire interaction skills

Central part of daily workRelatives, patients, residents, clients, citizens, …

Conversation as a burdenSomething that “people might take home with them”Emotional stress vs. acting professionally

Learning about conversationsNot well covered in formal trainingExperience as major prerequisite


The Talk Reflection AppCollaborative Reflection of Conversations at Work

Mandatory documentation of conversations

complemented by

Sharing and Reflection features


The Talk Reflection AppCollaborative Reflection of Conversations at Work

Pilot studies in hospital and care home

4/5 weeks5 participants eachInterviews, observations, questionnaires


Reflection by ExampleUsing the Talk Reflection App in a German hospital ward

(…) Wife was prepared for care at home: She needs to see whether she can cope with it (…) Very difficult conversation, [she] did not notice what I said or blocked it out.

Externalisation

Own reflection

Colleague’s reflection

Reflection in meeting

Reflection outcome

Wife gives me the feeling that we are the reason for the diagnosis, hears for the first time that husband is [getting worse]

Especially in the initial conversation with relatives, it is important to take your time. Maybe these talks should also be done in a separate room?



Externalisation

Own reflection



Reflection outcome



Externalisation

Own reflection



Reflection outcome

Physicians remembered similar situations and agreed that it affected them often when they have to convey such bad news.

The reporting physician was also asked whether she had thought of asking a senior physician to help her.



The challenge is that the conversation was held alone. It should always be clear that a senior physician can support talks!

Externalisation

Own reflection



Reflection outcome


Collaborative Reflection: Insights Using Shared Artefacts

Memory aids: Referring to past experiences in conversations, reconstructing experience

Experience exchange: Sharing experiences, perspectives and insights with others

(Asynchronous) Communicational reference between f2f meetings


Articulation


(discussion, elicitation, negotiation, ...)

Sustaining outcomes (synergizing,

documenting, planning implementation)


(understanding / sensemaking, ...)


Collaborative Reflection: Insights Usage / Uptake in workplaces

Application: Mainly for documentationand

Social interaction: Comments, sharing results (mainly f2f)

“You do not go to the app because you have a comment, but because you have an issue to write down“


Articulation


(discussion, elicitation, negotiation, ...)

Sustaining outcomes (synergizing,

documenting, planning implementation)


(understanding / sensemaking, ...)


Escalating Prompts for Collaborative ReflectionCSCL at Work: Flexible guidance by prompts

▪ Notify users to motivate tool usage (“Can you think of a recent conversation?”)

▪ Make users aware of collaboration features: Motivate comments (“Have you been in a similar situation?”)

▪ Prompt regularly: Leave traces from f2f situations (“Did you come up with an idea for change?”)


Collaborative Reflection: Taking CSCL to Work? Similarities of Collaborative Reflection and CSCL approaches

Interplay between individual and collaborative phases

Externalisation of experiences, understanding, …

Referring to each other: Combining own attribution and others’ experiences to reflect together

Blending with f2f

Collaborative reflection in

team


Structuring: Supporting vs. impeding learningNo teacher / facilitator role available


Supporting Collaborative Reflection @ Work

Collaborative Reflection Support: Taking CSCL to the Workplace?

Barriers: Time, work processes, technology diffusion, spatiality, …Chances: Foster informal learning wit situated content.Challenge: Embedding CSCL practices into constraints of workplaces: content and process preparation / support


Thanks for your attention. Questions?

Michael Prilla [email protected] www.imtm-iaw.rub.de, www.mirror-project.eu

michael.prillaimtmmirrorip

Education

Collaborative Reflection Insights from the MIRROR project presented @ CSCL 2013