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Compose a short paragraph of at least 40 words about what you’re doing this upcoming weekend. Use at least five or six commas correctly.

Comma Sense

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Hour-long presentation on simple comma rules, followed by a few tips on the use of italics.

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Page 1: Comma Sense

Compose a short paragraph of at least 40 words about what you’re doing this upcoming weekend. Use at least five or six commas correctly.

Page 2: Comma Sense

Understanding & Using Commas

Page 3: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Summary of Comma Use Rules● Use a comma to separate elements in a list● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect

two independent clauses● Use a comma to set off introductory material● Use commas to set off parenthetical information● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives● Use commas to set off quoted material● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases● Use commas to avoid potential confusion

Page 4: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use a comma to separate elements in a series or list.

Page 5: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

List of things that happened:He hit the ball.He dropped the bat.He ran to first base.

Use a comma to separate elements in a series or list.

Page 6: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and ran to first base.ran to first base.

Use a comma to separate elements in a series or list.

List of things that happened:He hit the ball.He dropped the bat.He ran to first base.

Page 7: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and ran to first base.ran to first base.

List of things that happened:He hit the ball.He dropped the bat.He ran to first base.

Use a comma to separate elements in a series or list.

Page 8: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and ran to first base.ran to first base.

List of things that happened:He hit the ball.He dropped the bat.He ran to first base.

Use a comma to separate elements in a series or list.

comma comma

The controversial “Oxford” or “Serial” comma

I say: Use it!Others say: Don’t!

Page 9: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and ran to first base.ran to first base.

List of things that happened:He hit the ball.He dropped the bat.He ran to first base.

Use a comma to separate elements in a series or list.

comma comma

Page 10: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and He hit the ball, dropped the bat, and ran to first base.ran to first base.

List of things that happened:He hit the ball.He dropped the bat.He ran to first base.

Use a comma to separate elements in a series or list.

Page 11: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

List of things to buy:BreadMilkCheese

Use a comma to separate elements in a series or list.

Page 12: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Buy me some bread, milk, and Buy me some bread, milk, and cheese.cheese.

List of things to buy:BreadMilkCheese

Use a comma to separate elements in a series or list.

Page 13: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Buy me some bread, milk, and Buy me some bread, milk, and cheese.cheese.

List of things to buy:BreadMilkCheese

comma comma

Use a comma to separate elements in a series or list.

Page 14: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Summary of Comma Use Rules● Use a comma to separate elements in a list● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect

two independent clauses● Use a comma to set off introductory material● Use commas to set off parenthetical information● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives● Use commas to set off quoted material● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases● Use commas to avoid potential confusion

Page 15: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use a comma before (and not after) a FANBOYS conjunction when two independent clauses are being connected.

Exceptions Alert!

Page 16: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use a comma before (and not after) a FANBOYS conjunction when two independent clauses are being connected.

Exceptions Alert!

Two Independent Clauses:He hit the ball well.He ran toward third base.

Page 17: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use a comma before (and not after) a FANBOYS conjunction when two independent clauses are being connected.

He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.

Exceptions Alert!

Page 18: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use a comma before (and not after) a FANBOYS conjunction when two independent clauses are being connected.

He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.

Independent clause

Exceptions Alert!

Page 19: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use a comma before (and not after) a FANBOYS conjunction when two independent clauses are being connected.

He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.

Independent clauseIndependent clause

Exceptions Alert!

Page 20: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use a comma before (and not after) a FANBOYS conjunction when two independent clauses are being connected.

He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.

FANBOYS Conjunction

Independent clauseIndependent clause

Exceptions Alert!

Page 21: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use a comma before (and not after) a FANBOYS conjunction when two independent clauses are being connected.

He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.

Coordinating Conjunction(one of the FANBOYS)

Independent clauseIndependent clausecomma

Exceptions Alert!

Page 22: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use a comma before (and not after) a FANBOYS conjunction when two independent clauses are being connected.

He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.He hit the ball well, but he ran toward third base.

Exceptions Alert!

Page 23: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use a comma before (and not after) a FANBOYS conjunction when two independent clauses are being connected.

Exceptions Alert!

Exception Alert: If the two independent clauses are shortshort and well balanced, the comma may be dropped if no confusion is created.

Page 24: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use a comma before (and not after) a FANBOYS conjunction when two independent clauses are being connected.

Our team is good but their team is better.Our team is good but their team is better.

Exceptions Alert!

Page 25: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use a comma before (and not after) a FANBOYS conjunction when two independent clauses are being connected.

Our team is good but their team is better.Our team is good but their team is better.

Independent clauseIndependent clause

Exceptions Alert!

Page 26: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use a comma before (and not after) a FANBOYS conjunction when two independent clauses are being connected.

Our team is good but their team is better.Our team is good but their team is better.

FANBOYS conjunction

Independent clauseIndependent clause

No comma

Exceptions Alert!

Page 27: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use a comma before (and not after) a FANBOYS conjunction when two independent clauses are being connected.

Our team is good but their team is better.Our team is good but their team is better.

Exceptions Alert!

Page 28: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Summary of Comma Use Rules● Use a comma to separate elements in a list● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect

two independent clauses● Use a comma to set off introductory material● Use commas to set off parenthetical information● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives● Use commas to set off quoted material● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases● Use commas to avoid potential confusion

Page 29: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use a comma to set off introductory material.

Running toward third base, he suddenly Running toward third base, he suddenly realized how stupid he looked.realized how stupid he looked.

Exceptions Alert!

Page 30: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use a comma to set off introductory material.

Running toward third base, he suddenly Running toward third base, he suddenly realized how stupid he looked.realized how stupid he looked.

Introductory phrase

Exceptions Alert!

Page 31: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use a comma to set off introductory material.

Running toward third base, he suddenly Running toward third base, he suddenly realized how stupid he looked.realized how stupid he looked.

comma

Introductory phrase

Exceptions Alert!

Page 32: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Exceptions Alert!

Exception Alert: If the introductory material consists of one word or is very, very short, then the comma may be dropped, if no confusion or difficulty in reading is created.

Use a comma to set off introductory material.

Page 33: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Exceptions Alert!

After his short nap in the clubhouse before After his short nap in the clubhouse before the game, the pitcher felt better.the game, the pitcher felt better.

Use a comma to set off introductory material.

Page 34: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Exceptions Alert!

After his short nap in the clubhouse before After his short nap in the clubhouse before the game, the pitcher felt better.the game, the pitcher felt better.

Introductory phrase (kind of a long one, actually)

Use a comma to set off introductory material.

comma

Page 35: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Exceptions Alert!

After his nap, the pitcher felt better.After his nap, the pitcher felt better.

Introductory phrase (and this one is much shorter!)

comma

Use a comma to set off introductory material.

Page 36: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Exceptions Alert!

After his nap the pitcher felt better.After his nap the pitcher felt better.

Introductory clause (and this one is much shorter!)

Okay to omit this comma

Use a comma to set off introductory material.

Page 37: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Exceptions Alert!

After his nap the pitcher felt better.After his nap the pitcher felt better.

Use a comma to set off introductory material.

Page 38: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Exceptions Alert!

Inside the gym was warm and comfortable.Inside the gym was warm and comfortable.

Use a comma to set off introductory material.

Page 39: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Exceptions Alert!

Inside the gym was warm and comfortable.Inside the gym was warm and comfortable.

This is confusing and awkward to read because the writerdid not use a comma to set off the introductory material.

Use a comma to set off introductory material.

Page 40: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Exceptions Alert!

Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.

Use a comma to set off introductory material.

Page 41: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Exceptions Alert!

Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.

Use a comma to set off introductory material.

Introductory word

Page 42: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Exceptions Alert!

Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.

Use a comma to set off introductory material.

Introductory word

comma

Page 43: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Exceptions Alert!

Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.Inside, the gym was warm and comfortable.

That’s much better.

Use a comma to set off introductory material.

Page 44: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Summary of Comma Use Rules● Use a comma to separate elements in a list● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect

two independent clauses● Use a comma to set off introductory material● Use commas to set off parenthetical information● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives● Use commas to set off quoted material● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases● Use commas to avoid potential confusion

Page 45: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to set off parenthetical elements in text.

Page 46: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to set off parenthetical elements in text.

Fine. But what’s “parenthetical” mean?

Page 47: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to set off parenthetical elements in text.

Fine. But what’s “parenthetical” mean?

That’s a good question. Let’s take a look.

Page 48: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Parenthetical means extra information not needed to understand the sentence.

Use commas to set off parenthetical elements in text.

Page 49: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

The stadiumThe stadium, built in 1953, was small but comfortable.was small but comfortable.

Parenthetical means extra information not needed to understand the sentence.

Use commas to set off parenthetical elements in text.

Page 50: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

The stadium, built in 1953, The stadium, built in 1953, was small but comfortable.was small but comfortable.

Parenthetical means extra information not needed to understand the sentence.

Use commas to set off parenthetical elements in text.

Page 51: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

The stadium, built in 1953, The stadium, built in 1953, was small but comfortable.was small but comfortable.

Parenthetical (extra) information

Parenthetical means extra information not needed to understand the sentence.

Use commas to set off parenthetical elements in text.

Page 52: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

The stadium, built in 1953, The stadium, built in 1953, was small but comfortable.was small but comfortable.

comma

Parenthetical (extra) information

commaParenthetical means extra information not needed to understand the sentence.

Use commas to set off parenthetical elements in text.

Page 53: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

The stadium, built in 1953, The stadium, built in 1953, was small but comfortable.was small but comfortable.

comma

Parenthetical (extra) information

commaParenthetical means extra information not needed to understand the sentence.

Use commas to set off parenthetical elements in text.

That’s the way you handle it.

Page 54: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Summary of Comma Use Rules● Use a comma to separate elements in a list● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect

two independent clauses● Use a comma to set off introductory material● Use commas to set off parenthetical information● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives● Use commas to set off quoted material● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases● Use commas to avoid potential confusion

Page 55: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

Page 56: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

Page 57: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

versus

Page 58: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

versus

Page 59: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

versus

comma

No comma

Page 60: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

Page 61: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

Lots of times, we make phrases like this:

Page 62: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

Lots of times, we make phrases like this:Adjective noun…Adjective noun…

Page 63: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

Lots of times, we make phrases like this:Adjective noun…Adjective noun…

Adjective adjective noun…Adjective adjective noun…

Page 64: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

Lots of times, we make phrases like this:Adjective noun…Adjective noun…

Adjective adjective noun…Adjective adjective noun…

Adjective adjective adjective noun…Adjective adjective adjective noun…

Page 65: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

Lots of times, we make phrases like this:Adjective noun…Adjective noun…

Adjective adjective noun…Adjective adjective noun…

Adjective adjective adjective noun…Adjective adjective adjective noun…

That question is, when do you use commas between the adjectives?

Page 66: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

Here’s a easy way to tell if you need commas between all those adjectives:

If you can put the word and or but between the adjectives, then you (almost certainly) need commas between them.

Page 67: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.

Page 68: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.

Page 69: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.

Page 70: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.

He is a tall, distinguished gentleman.He is a tall, distinguished gentleman.

comma

Page 71: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.He is a tall and distinguished gentleman.

He is a tall, distinguished gentleman.He is a tall, distinguished gentleman.

comma

Page 72: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

She is a little and old lady.She is a little and old lady.

Page 73: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

She is a little and old lady.She is a little and old lady.

Page 74: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

She is a little and old lady.She is a little and old lady.

Page 75: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

She is a little and old lady.She is a little and old lady.

She is a little, old ladyShe is a little, old ladycomma

Page 76: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

She is a little and old lady.She is a little and old lady.

She is a little, old ladyShe is a little, old ladycomma

Page 77: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

She is a little and old lady.She is a little and old lady.

She is a little, old ladyShe is a little, old ladycomma

She is a little old ladyShe is a little old ladyNo comma

Page 78: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

I live in an old, run-down house.

Page 79: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

I live in an old, run-down house.

I live in a little, purple house.

Page 80: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives.

I live in an old, run-down house.

I live in a little, purple house.

I live in a little purple house.

Page 81: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Summary of Comma Use Rules● Use a comma to separate elements in a list● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect

two independent clauses● Use a comma to set off introductory material● Use commas to set off parenthetical information● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives● Use commas to set off quoted material● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases● Use commas to avoid potential confusion

Page 82: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to set off quoted material.

““I want you to stop at second base this time,” I want you to stop at second base this time,” the coach said.the coach said.

comma

This comma separates the quote

from the rest of the sentence.

Page 83: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to set off quoted material.

““I’ll stop at second,” the batter said, “but I can I’ll stop at second,” the batter said, “but I can keep going if you want me to.”keep going if you want me to.”

First comma

If the “split” is in the middle of the sentence, then two commas are needed.

Second comma

Page 84: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Summary of Comma Use Rules● Use a comma to separate elements in a list● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect

two independent clauses● Use a comma to set off introductory material● Use commas to set off parenthetical information● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives● Use commas to set off quoted material● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases● Use commas to avoid potential confusion

Page 85: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to set off contrasting words or phrases.

Page 86: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to set off contrasting words or phrases.

The puppies were cute, but messy.The puppies were cute, but messy.

Page 87: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to set off contrasting words or phrases.

Cute and messy contrast with each other.

The puppies were cute, but messy.The puppies were cute, but messy.

Page 88: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to set off contrasting words or phrases.

Cute and messy contrast with each other.

The puppies were cute, but messy.The puppies were cute, but messy.

Page 89: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to set off contrasting words or phrases.

Cute and messy contrast with each other.

The puppies were cute, but messy.The puppies were cute, but messy.

comma

Page 90: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Summary of Comma Use Rules● Use a comma to separate elements in a list● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect

two independent clauses● Use a comma to set off introductory material● Use commas to set off parenthetical information● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives● Use commas to set off quoted material● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases● Use commas to avoid potential confusion

Page 91: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to avoid potential confusion.

Page 92: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to avoid potential confusion.

For most the year was already finished.For most the year was already finished.

Page 93: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to avoid potential confusion.

For most the year was already finished.For most the year was already finished.

What? It’s not clear what this is supposed to mean.

Page 94: Comma Sense

For most, the year was already finished.For most, the year was already finished.

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to avoid potential confusion.

Make it clear by using a comma to set off the introductory material.

Page 95: Comma Sense

For most, the year was already finished.For most, the year was already finished.

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to avoid potential confusion.

Make it clear by using a comma to set off the introductory material.

comma

Introductory phrase

Page 96: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Use commas to avoid potential confusion.

That’s much better!

For most, the year was already finished.For most, the year was already finished.

Page 97: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Summary of Comma Use Rules● Use a comma to separate elements in a list● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect

two independent clauses● Use a comma to set off introductory material● Use commas to set off parenthetical information● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives● Use commas to set off quoted material● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases● Use commas to avoid potential confusion

Page 98: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

TypographicalReasons for Commas.

Page 99: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

TypographicalReasons for Commas.

On June 14, 1845, the first baseball game was On June 14, 1845, the first baseball game was played.played.

There is an understanding and agreement to use commas in certain ways for certain constructions:

Page 100: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

TypographicalReasons for Commas.

On June 14, 1845, the first baseball game was On June 14, 1845, the first baseball game was played.played.

There is an understanding and agreement to use commas in certain ways for certain constructions:

comma comma

Page 101: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

TypographicalReasons for Commas.

In June 1845, the first baseball game was In June 1845, the first baseball game was played.played.

There is an understanding and agreement to use commas in certain ways for certain constructions:

Page 102: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

TypographicalReasons for Commas.

In June 1845, the first baseball game was In June 1845, the first baseball game was played.played.

There is an understanding and agreement to use commas in certain ways for certain constructions:

comma

Page 103: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

TypographicalReasons for Commas.

I lived in Dallas, Texas, for many years.I lived in Dallas, Texas, for many years.

There is an understanding and agreement to use commas in certain ways for certain constructions:

Page 104: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

TypographicalReasons for Commas.

I lived in Dallas, Texas, for many years.I lived in Dallas, Texas, for many years.

There is an understanding and agreement to use commas in certain ways for certain constructions:

comma comma

Page 105: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

TypographicalReasons for Commas.

About $15,600 was spent on the highway this About $15,600 was spent on the highway this year.year.

There is an understanding and agreement to use commas in certain ways for certain constructions:

Page 106: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

TypographicalReasons for Commas.

About $15,600 was spent on the highway this About $15,600 was spent on the highway this year.year.

There is an understanding and agreement to use commas in certain ways for certain constructions:

comma

Page 107: Comma Sense

Understanding& Using Commas

Summary of Comma Use Rules● Use a comma to separate elements in a list● Use a comma+FANBOYS to connect

two independent clauses● Use a comma to set off introductory material● Use commas to set off parenthetical information● Use commas to separate coordinate adjectives● Use commas to set off quoted material● Use commas to set off contrasting phrases● Use commas to avoid potential confusion

Page 108: Comma Sense

In yourWriting

What are Italics?● Italics are those “leaned-over” letters you see sometimes:

These are just regular, non-italic letters.These are just regular, non-italic letters.

These are italic letters!These are italic letters!

And these are also italic letters!And these are also italic letters!

Page 109: Comma Sense

In yourWriting

What are Italics?● Italics are those “leaned-over” letters you see sometimes.

● If you’re handwriting, you can underline instead of try to hand-write italic letters.

Page 110: Comma Sense

In yourWriting

What Are Italics Used For?● Titles of works that “stand on their own”: books, magazines, newspapers

Page 111: Comma Sense

In yourWriting

What Are Italics Used For?● Titles of works that “stand on their own”: books, magazines, newspapers

● When referring to words and letters as words or letters:

The word the is an article.

Page 112: Comma Sense

● Names of ships:

In yourWriting

What Are Italics Used For?

The Queen Mary sailed last night.

Page 113: Comma Sense

● Names of ships:

In yourWriting

What Are Italics Used For?

The Queen Mary sailed last night.

● When using foreign words in English:

The lawyer did the work pro bono.

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In yourWriting

What Are Italics Used For?

● When defining technical words or terms:

An even number is a multiple of 2.

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● Occasionally in novels to indicate a character’s thought process instead of quotation marks:

In yourWriting

What Are Italics Used For?

● When defining technical words or terms:

An even number is a multiple of 2.

Oh, what shall I do now? Belinda wondered.

Page 116: Comma Sense

● Occasionally in novels to indicate a character’s thought process instead of quotation marks:

In yourWriting

What Are Italics Used For?

● When defining technical words or terms:

An even number is a multiple of 2.

Oh, what shall I do now? Belinda wondered.

Page 117: Comma Sense

Recompose your bellringer to check for and correct comma problems!

And I’ll collect both versions, please!