Common Drafting Tools and Materials

Common Drafting Tools and Materials

Unlike other subjects, objectives of drawing cannot be obtained without the presence of drawing instruments.

Each tools and materials have their own functions and uses in completing a drawing.

Any activity with the aid of these mechanical instruments is called MECHANICAL DRAWING.

MECHANICAL DRAWING - is the method of constructing a design or an object with the use of prescribed mechanical instruments.

PENCILSthe most commonly used tools of a draftsman. They come in different grades of softness to hardness. American system of pencil grades range from #1-#3, while in the European system rages from 9H-9B.

PENCILS

9H 8H 7H 6H 5H 4H 3H 2H H F HB B 2B 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 9B

HARDEST → MEDIUM → SOFTEST

PENCILS

RULERS -used for measuring and setting of dimensions usually expressed in centimeters and inches, and drawing straight lines.

RULERS

TRIANGLES - used to draw vertical and oblique lines. The most commonly used triangles are the 45 degree and the 30 degree by 60 degree.

TRIANGLES

TRIANGLES

PROTRACTORS - used for measuring and setting

of angles

PROTRACTORS - used for measuring and setting of angles

COMPASSES - tools used in drawing arcs and circles. Similar to dividers, they are adjusted the same way.

COMPASSES

DIVIDERS - used to divide distances into a number of equal parts and to transfer measurements and spacing points of lines. Looks similar to a compass.

DIVIDERS

T-SQUARE - composed of a long strip called blade and a short piece called head. Used in drawing horizontal lines and also serves as guide in drawing vertical or diagonal lines for triangles.

T-SQUARE

T-SQUARE

DRAFTING / DRAWING TEMPLATES

- a flat piece of plastic with standard symbols cut in it. The drafting templates shapes are used as guides for drawing symbols on plans.

DRAFTING / DRAWING TEMPLATES

TRIANGULAR SCALE - a type of scale used in general drawing. The scale has various divisions. Its main purpose is to reproduce the dimension full of size on a drawing or to reduce or enlarge them.

TRIANGULAR SCALE

ERASER AND ERASING SHIELD - used to remove pencil or ink smears. The erasing shield is made up of metal or celluloid with irregular holes. It protects the rest of the drawing when making an erasure.

ERASER AND ERASING SHIELD

TAPES - These are used to fasten paper to the drawing board or table. Masking tape, scotch tape and other tapes are used. Thumb tacks are sometimes used in place of tapes.

TAPES

ADJUSTABLE TRIANGLE

- a devise combines the protractor with triangles to produce great versatility of use.

ADJUSTABLE TRIANGLE

FRENCH CURVES - used to draw irregular curves.

FRENCH CURVES - used to draw irregular curves.

TECHNICAL FOUNTAIN PEN

- with the tube and needle point, is available in several line width which are fixed and suitable for freehand and mechanical drawing and line work.

TECHNICAL FOUNTAIN PEN

DRAWING INK - black, waterproof and quick to dry ink used in drawing

DRAWING INK

DRAWING PAPER - a hard and smooth surface. It does not “groove” easily when pressure is applied to the pencil. It can withstand erasures. Oslo paper is an example of good drawing paper.

DRAWING PAPER

COLORING MATERIAL - Consists of pigment and mucilage, a gummy substance from various plants. It is used to color drawings.

COLORING MATERIAL

TRACING PAPER - thin, transparent paper on which inked or penciled drawing is made for reproduction in blue print or white print.

TRACING PAPER

DRAWING TABLE / DRAWING BOARD

- refers to a table where the drawing paper is laid and fastened. Their working edge should be perfectly straight and their surface, trim and smooth as this is the edge along which the T-square is moved.

DRAWING TABLE / DRAWING BOARD

DRAWING TABLE / DRAWING BOARD