Completing the Learning Experience: Instructional

MaterialsInside the Classroom

 Jourdanne R. Timbreza

 

Master of Arts in Education, Major in Language Education, 3rd

TrimesterSchool Year 2013-2014

 Jose Rizal University Graduate

School

Instruction is defined as the set of events

embedded in purposeful activities that facilitate learning.

Various sub-processes such as gauging the student's learning readiness, selecting the class materials, managing class time and activities and monitoring the progress and performance of the student as the school term progresses.

Instruction and Teaching

Learning often comes from instruction and modeling,

which is attainable through the use of instructional materials. These materials allow the students to interact, explore and discover complex ideas and educational environments or subjects.

Instructional and Modeling materials used in the classroom engage the student in cognitive and social processes that complete their learning experiences. This means that the teacher or course trainer must be well-versed in instructional design so they may have a broader view of which materials and methods are most fitting for the students in their class.

Instruction and Teaching

Instructional design must aid both the teacher

and student in the teaching and learning/studying process respectively.

Teachers must recognize that learning is a complicated process that is affected by many variables and aspects

Instructional design can be applied at many levels and through many methods. Instructors should not limit themselves of think that there is only one best way to teach or demonstrate a subject matter.

Basic Assumptions about Instructional Design

Related to the previous assumption, is the fact that

instructional material designers and the teachers who use them should also remember that the designing of these materials should involve and consider the learners or students themselves.

Instructional design consists of numerous related sub-processes that focus on aligning desired outcomes with instructional methods and student assessments.

. Different learning types call for different types of instruction.

Basic Assumptions about Instructional Design

presented subject

information or simulation affects the learner's

receptors by registering what was taught to him.

Information will be converted to a form that

will be stored in the short-term memory.

Semantic encoding happens when information enters long-term memory

through repetition and reinforcement of the

teacher.

The student’s comprehension and

performance is measured when he is asked to

retrieved the information taught or demonstrated.

. Student performance can also be measured through

feedback in the form of examinations, class output through exercises and work

book activities and even homework.

The Nature of the Instructional Process

Gaining the attention of the learner often

involves the use of novelty (animation and demonstration).

The teacher should also inform the students of the objectives.

The presentation of information (or what to learn) is the most important part of the learning process.

Scaffolding or providing learning guidance is sometimes needed, especially when students are interacting with complex systems or concepts.

The Events of Instruction

The teacher should then motivate the students to

act on their own. Eliciting student performance is also a crucial part of the learning process, as it happens after there has been sufficient learning guidance on the teacher’s part.

Instructors should always provide feedback as to confirm the correctness or pointing out the errors of the student output.

The learning cycle ends and begins with the enhancing of knowledge through the use of reinforcement and retention.

The Events of Instruction

Audio Aids Audio classroom aids can be classified as audio cassettes, CDs and recordings used for training and teaching in the classroom. Visual AidsVisual learners are also more interested and become more motivated through the use of models and demonstrations through the use of visual aids, as they are able to personally see how things work.

Types of Instructional Materials

Instruction through the use of Computers Computers are often used to create classroom materials such as educational documents and even at times, replacing the traditional use of the blackboard and chalk. Students are often learning how to use such programs even at the earliest level of their primary schooling. This is because most schools have come to embrace technology as a part of academic and progressive learning

Types of Instructional Materials

Instruction through the use of Computers Training of students and teachers in hardware and Software usage.

Educational websites can be used as a support for studying and reviewing and can even provide additional information to augment the instructor’s lecture.

Types of Instructional Materials

Although, the teachers are free to look for instructional

models in libraries or websites, they are also encouraged to develop their own as it improves creativity and refines their

teaching capabilities. Make a note of materials you can use to teach the subject. Consider the students you will teach. Choose the best ideas from your list. If you are able to make and provide materials or aids, then

you should always budget them (if money will be used). However, electronic or computer-based materials are always recommended as it saves a lot of time and resources.

Developing Instructional Materials

They support student

learning. They provide a structure for

the lesson proper. It increases and updates

the knowledge of both teacher and students.

Importance of Instructional Materials