Computer Literacy Lesson 27

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Lesson 27Using the Internet and the World Wide

Web

Computer Literacy BASICS: A Comprehensive Guide to IC3, 3rd Edition

Morrison / Wells

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Morrison / Wells CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E222

Objectives

Understand the difference between the Internet and the World Wide Web.

Identify terminology related to the Internet and the World Wide Web.

Identify different items on a Web page. Identify different types and purposes of Web

sites. Use a browser to navigate the Web. Refresh a Web page.

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Objectives (continued)

Show a history of recently visited Web sites. Navigate to and delete history of recently

visited Web sites. Manage bookmarked sites. Copy elements from a Web site to another

program. Identify problems associated with using the

Web.

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Vocabulary

ActiveX client cookie digital certificate domain File Transfer Protocol (FTP) geographic imaging

hit home page Hypertext markup

language (HTML) Hypertext Transfer

Protocol (HTTP) Internet Protocol

(IP) address

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Vocabulary (continued)

Internet service provider (ISP) Mosaic podcast Portal Really Simple Syndication (RSS) Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) social networking site

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

Web 2.0 Web cache Web site webapp wiki

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Introduction

People use the Internet to research information, shop for goods and services, go to school, communicate with family and friends, read the daily newspaper, and make airplane and hotel reservations, for example.

Anyone with access to the Internet can connect to and communicate with anyone else in the world who also has Internet access.

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The Internet and the World Wide Web

Internet services include blogs, chat rooms, e-mail, FTP (file transfer protocol), instant messaging, mailing lists, newsgroups and bulletin boards, online conferencing, and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP).

The Internet’s most popular service is the World Wide Web.

Many people use the terms World Wide Web, or Web, and the Internet interchangeably, but they are two different things.

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The Internet and the World Wide Web (continued)

The Web actually began in 1990, when Dr. Tim Berners-Lee wrote Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). It became the language computers use to transmit hypertext documents over the Internet.

Dr. Berners-Lee developed a text-based program called Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) that creates hyperlinked documents.

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In 1993, the number of people using the Web increased significantly when Marc Andreessen released Mosaic, the first graphical browser.

In 1994, Andreessen cofounded Netscape Communications.

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In 2004, the phrase Web 2.0 was coined. Web 2.0 includes a new generation of Web-based services such as blogs, social-networking sites, wikis, and application software built into the site.

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Internet Terminology: ActiveX is a programming interface developed

by Microsoft for Windows. This set of rules controls Windows applications that are downloaded from the Internet and then run in a browser.

A cookie is a small text file that Web sites put on your computer to store information about you and your preferences.

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Internet Terminology (cont):

A digital certificate is an electronic document similar to an ID card. It verifies the identity of a person or company and confirms that they own a public key.

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Internet Terminology (cont): A domain identifies a computer or Web site on

the Internet. The Domain Name System (DNS) converts domain names to IP addresses, such as .com, .edu, .org, .gov, and .net.

Encryption is the process of converting text into an unrecognizable format when it is sent and changing it back (decryption) into plain text when it reaches its destination.

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Internet Terminology (cont):

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is used to transfer files between computers. You can upload (send) files from one computer to another and retrieve (download) files from a server to a computer.

A home page is the first page that appears in the browser when you visit a Web site.

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Home page for a community college

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Internet Terminology (cont): HTML is the programming language used to create

Web pages. A client is a type of computer program that makes a

service request from a server. An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that

provides connectivity to the Internet. An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a numerical

addressing system that uniquely identifies computers and networks linked to the Internet.

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Internet Terminology (cont): A podcast is a method of publishing files (primarily

audio) to the Internet that can be streamed or downloaded for playback on a computer or a personal digital audio player.

Really Simple Syndication (RSS) is a format originally developed to syndicate news articles online. This communication method now is used widely to share the contents of blogs.

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Internet Terminology (cont): Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a protocol for managing

the security of message transmissions on the Internet. A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is the address of a

Web page, FTP site, audio stream, or other Internet resource.

A Web browser is a software program you use to view and retrieve documents from the World Wide Web and to display the documents in a readable format.

A Web cache is a temporary storage area on your computer for collecting data.

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Internet Terminology (cont): A Web site is a collection of related HTML-

formatted Web pages located on the World Wide Web.

A wiki is a collaborative Web site that people can use to add, edit, remove, and organize Web page content.

XML is the abbreviation for Extensible Markup Language, which is a flexible text format for creating structured computer documents.

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Understanding Web Page Elements: A Web page can be a simple text document or it

can contain a variety of the following elements:– Links to other Web sites– Text, video, or other media– Hyperlinked text and graphics– Interactive objects such as buttons, text boxes, option

buttons, check boxes, menus, and lists– Images such as photos, pictures, maps, and drawings

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Morrison / Wells CLB: A Comp Guide to IC3 3E


Understanding Web Page Elements (cont):

20Nps.gov web page

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– Commercial– Academic– Organizational– Governmental– Web sites hosted in

different countries– Search sites

– Secure sites– Online Applications– Portal– Weblog– Social networking– Geographic imaging

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Understanding Web Page Elements (cont): Web sites can be organized into different

categories, each with a different purpose.

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Connecting to the Internet

Before you can access the Internet, you have to connect to it.

If you connect from an office or academic setting, you probably are connecting through a local area network (LAN).

Home users connect using a dedicated high-speed digital telephone line, a cable modem, or a wireless connection. Dial-up modems linked to telephone lines are becoming less common.

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Connecting to the Internet (continued)

Steps for connecting to the Internet:1. Locate an ISP or an online service

2. Install telecommunications software that enables your computer to connect to another computer.

3. Install a Web browser. Most computers purchased today come with a browser installed.

You may have to give instructions to your computer to dial a local telephone number if you are using a dial-up modem, but if you have a high-speed dedicated phone line, a cable connection, or a wireless service, you start your browser.

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Hotspots are wireless hookups. Applications are available to search for hotspots.

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Different types of Internet connections provide a range of options.

Broadband connections can transmit multiple channels of information over a single link.

Cable modems, digital subscriber lines (DSL), and T-1 lines offer high bandwidth, as opposed to a dial-up telephone modem, which has only a single bandwidth that can transmit voice or data, but not at the same time.

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Browser Basics

A browser is a software program you use to retrieve documents from the World Wide Web and to display them in a readable format.

To connect to the Internet, the browser sends a message to the Web server to retrieve your requested Web page.

The browser then renders the HTML code to display the page.

You navigate the Web by using your mouse to point and click hyperlinked words and images.

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Browser Basics (continued)

Parts of the Browser Window:

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Parts of the Browser Window (cont):

Parts of the Internet Explorer window

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Navigating the Web: In most instances, you can double-click the browser

icon located on your computers’ desktop to start your Web browser.

Your browser was installed with a default home page.

If you want to visit a specific Web site, you need to know the address, which you enter in the Address bar.

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Refreshing or Reloading a Web Page: When you visit a Web page, a copy of the contents

are stored in your cache, a temporary storage area for data you access frequently.

If you access a Web page with updated information, you may need to refresh the information using one of three options:– Click the Refresh button on the Address bar– Select View on the menu bar and then click Refresh– Press the F5 key

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Recent History: In Internet Explorer,

you can view a list of recently visited Web sites by clicking the Favorites Center button and then click the History button.

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Finding Text on a Web Page: Many Web sites contain a large number of pages and links

and provide a search tool specific to the site. You can also use the Find command.

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Organizing and Managing Favorites:

Internet Explorer provides a tool, called Favorites, to make it easy for you to easily access a Web site that you visit frequently.

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Organizing and Managing Favorites (cont):

Once you have a Web site added as a favorite or bookmarked site, you can access a site, move a favorite or bookmarked site between folders, and share favorite or bookmarked sites with other users.

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Downloading a File from a Web Site: You can download a file such as a program, graphic,

or document from a Web page. You should only download files from reliable

sources. Many sites provide an interface that makes the

process of downloading simple.

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Copying and Printing Information from a Web Page:

You can copy and save specific elements of a Web page to disk and use them in a new document or file.

You can also print a copy of a Web page directly from your browser.

36Copying text on a Web page

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Web Browser Settings

In Internet Explorer, you can change your browser’s security settings using the Internet Options dialog box.

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Browser Issues

A “Page not found” message might be displayed because the page was moved, an old index is still maintained in the search engine, or you made a typing error when entering the Web site address.

A Web page may load slowly because of heavy server traffic or the page may contain a large number of images.

Pop-up ads pop up in the middle of a page that you are reading to call attention to their content. Internet Explorer contains a pop-up blocker that limits most pop-ups.

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Summary

In this lesson, you learned: The Internet and the World Wide Web have their own

terminology. You should be familiar with terms such as ActiveX, cookies, digital certificate, and domain.

A Web page can be solely a text document or it can be made up of elements such as Web site addresses that link to other Web sites; audio, video, graphics, or other media; hyperlinked text and hyperlinked graphics; and interactive objects such as buttons, text boxes, option buttons, check boxes, menus, and lists.

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Summary (continued)

Select an Internet connection to balance the features you want, such as connection speed and reliability, with the cost and availability of the different options. For example, broadband connections allow multiple channels of information to be transmitted over a single link so more than one channel of video, voice, and computer data can be carried simultaneously.

Parts of the Internet Explorer browser window include the Address bar, document tabs, status bar, and command bar.

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Summary (continued)

A browser displays a home page when it starts. You use the Address bar to verify the address of the current page and enter addresses to visit other pages. A Web address is called the Uniform Resource Locator (URL), which uniquely identifies each Web page and tells the browser where to locate the page.

Internet Explorer and other browsers provide a favorite or bookmarked sites list to make it easy for you to return to a particular Web site you visit frequently. Internet Explorer provides a Favorites Center that lists and organizes the Web pages in your Favorites list.

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Summary (continued)

Web sites used for financial transactions or e-commerce usually use encrypted communication to make them more secure than sites that simply provide information. Some Web sites also require you to log on using an account or user name and a password.

Problems associated with using the Web include not being able to display Web sites, navigating to pages that are slow to load or contain garbled text, or finding pop-up ads distract you from or block the content on the page.

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Education

Computer Literacy Lesson 27