“AN ORIENTATION”

Raksha Srivastava (CSE IIIrd Year)

COMPUTER ??? • A computer is an electronic device, operating

under the control of instructions (software) stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input), manipulate data (process), and produce information (output).

• A computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a set of arithmetic or logical operations.

• A computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU) and some form of memory.

• The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit that can change the order of operations based on stored information.

What Does A Computer Do?Computers can perform four general operations, which comprises the information processing cycle.

Input Process Output Storage The basic functions that a computer generally performs in its basic cycle of computation.

Why Is A Computer So Powerful?

•The ability to perform the information processing cycle with amazing speed.

•Reliability (low failure rate).•Accuracy.•Ability to store huge amounts of data

and information.•Ability to communicate with other

computers.

WHAT IS COMPUTER SCIENCE?? :-•Computer science (abbreviated CS )is the scientific and practical approach to computation and its applications.•It is the systematic study of the feasibility, structure, expression, and mechanization of the algorithms.•Its subfields can be divided into a variety of theoretical and practical disciplines , Some fields, such as computational complexity theory are highly abstract, while fields such as computer graphics emphasize real-world visual applications. •Still other fields focus on the challenges in implementing computation. For example, programming language theory.

Name Of The Field :-• The term "computer science" appears in a 1959 article in 

Communications of the ACM• Danish scientist Peter Naur suggested the termdatalogy,

to reflect the fact that the scientific discipline revolves around data and data treatment, while not necessarily involving computers. The first scientific institution to use the term was the Department of Datalogy at the University of Copenhagen, founded in 1969, with Peter Naur being the first professor in datalogy.

• The term computics has also been suggested.• Edsger Dijkstra, states that "computer science is no more

about computers than astronomy is about telescopes."The design and deployment of computers and computer systems is generally considered the province of disciplines other than computer science.

EVOLUTION :-The evolution of computer technology is a fascinating journey to review and examine. This is because with a thorough understanding of their evolution you can not only look toward the future of computers, you can also recognize other developments across the world that may in fact lead back to anticipating their future application and in turn the future of computers.The evolution of computers is a study in the power of necessity to drive innovation. There are thousands of underlying developments and adaptations that occurred throughout this time. Each innovation could be analyzed to show how small leaps forward contributed to large leaps forward such as the transistor or integrated circuit. Each of these having a history of development that could fill pages of detail.

AREAS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE:-computer science spans a range of topics from theoretical studies of algorithms and the limits of computation to the practical issues of implementing computing systems in hardware and software.

Theoretical computer science.Applied computer science.

Theoretical computer science

Theory of computationInformation and coding theoryAlgorithms and data structuresProgramming language theoryFormal methods

Applied computer science

Artificial intelligenceComputer architecture and engineeringComputer graphics and visualizationComputer security and cryptographyComputer Networks Information scienceDatabases and information retrievalSoftware engineering

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING BIO-INFORMATICS

FieldEmerging Technology Status

Potential Applications

Biomedical

Life extension, Strategies for Engineered Negligible Senescence

Research, experiments, animal testing

Increased life spans

Display Laser video displays

first commercial Laser TV in 2008, Mitsubishi LaserVue TV

Displays with very wide colour 

Electronics

Spintronics Working prototypes

Data storage

Neuroscience

Brain-computer interface

Research and commercialization

A revolution in entertainment, medicine, and computing.

IT & Comm - unication

Quantum cryptography

Commercialization

Secure communications

Robotics

Swarm roboticsHypothetical, experiments[

Autonomous construction, space construction

IT is the engineeringIT is the engineeringOf functional systems Of functional systems At MOLECULAR levelAt MOLECULAR level

Computers In The Government Offices

Computer In Business

Computer In Hospitals

Computer @ Home

Computers In Manufacturing

Computers In School