Conditional

sentences

Muzna AL Hooti

Wish and hopeinferences

What are we going to do?

ਃ wish and hope

Present / past/ future time references.

ਃ Making inference

ਃ Exercises

What is the difference?

• Expresses a feeling of regret about an event whose outcome is known or expected.Wish

• Expresses a feeling about an event whose outcome is unknown.

Hope

Wish forPresent Time References

• I wish I knew French.

•I wish it weren’t raining right now.

•I wish I could sing.

The main verb is simple past

The main verb ispast progressive

The main verb is could

• I hope the students are enjoying the class.

Hope forPresent Time References

The main verb is present progressive

Wish for Past Time Reference

• I wish Jack had come.

• I wish Mary could have come.

Past Perfect

Could + present perfect

• I hope she listened to my advice.

Hope for Past Time Reference

• I hope you weren’t sleeping when I called.

• I hope you have done your homework.

• I hope you have been studying while I was out.

Simple Past

Past progressive

Present perfect

Present perfect progressive

Wish for Future Time Reference

• I wish (that) she would tell me.

Use would to express a wish about the

future.

• I hope it rains tonight.

Hope for Future Time Reference

• I hope he’ll admit his fault.

Simple present

Future tense

Summary hopeWish

Present progressiveSimple pastPast progressiveCould

Present time references

Simple pastPast progressivePresent perfectPresent perfect progressive

Past perfectcould+ present perfect

Past time references

Simple presentFuture tense

WouldFuture time reference

Making Inferences

An inference is a conclusion based on previous knowledge or information.

Almost any combination of tenses is possible, depending on the meaning being expressed.

The modals should, must, have to, or ought to are often used.

Previous informationInference

The polls show that people are in support of the bill.

If the polls are correct, the bill will be passed.

The statistics say that the number of homeless has tripled in the last five years.

If the statistics are correct, the number of homeless in this city has tripled in the lastfive years.

The smog level is usually that high only when there is a heat wave.

If the smog level was that high last week, there must have been a heat wave.

Exercise: • Which one is correct?

If I were in the city right now, I had a job.

If I were in the city right now, I would have a job.

If I were living in a different city, I would be happier.

If I would be living in a different city, I would be happier.

A modal is often used in the main clause of a conditional sentence.

Will and would are not used in the if-clause conditional sentence.

Thank you