By: Jitendra Sharma

DECISION MAKING PROCESS-How To Take Effective Decisions-

By: Jitendra Sharma

PROBLEM SOLVING VS

DECISION MAKING

PROBLEM SOLVING DECISION MAKING

The process by which individuals and groups generate alternatives and evaluate those alternatives in light of the identified problem.

A decision is a choice between two or more alternatives.

If you only have one alternative, you do not have a decision.

By: Jitendra Sharma

By: Jitendra Sharma

FACT ABOUT GOOD DECISION

A good decision-making process will not guarantee success, but a poor process will almost certainly contribute to failure.

By: Jitendra Sharma

Increasing Decision-Making Effectiveness

Seven General Principles (Brilhart)1. Focus on the problem before talking2. Begin with a single question3. Develop a thorough statement of the

problem analysis4. Group agrees on criteria for evaluation5. Resist evaluation when generating ideas6. Avoid groupthink7. Verbally plan for implementation

By: Jitendra Sharma

Mind Locks (Oech)

1. The right answer2. That’s not logical3. Follow the rules4. Be practical5. Avoid ambiguity6. To err is wrong7. Play is frivolous8. That’s not my area9. Don’t be foolish10. I’m not creative

By: Jitendra Sharma

Information Criteria

• Three characteristics of informaiton should be considered in forming our decision-making rules (Gouran, 1979)

Relevancy Sufficiency Plausibility

Relevancy, sufficiency, and plausibility of information affect not only individual decisions but also the quality of group efforts.

By: Jitendra Sharma

Decision Making Stages(B. Aubrey Fisher)

Orientation stage – This phase is where members meet for the first time and start to get to know each other.

Conflict stage – Once group members become familiar with each other, disputes, little fights and arguments occur. Group members eventually work it out.

Emergence stage – The group begins to clear up vague opinions by talking about them.

Reinforcement stage – Members finally make a decision, while justifying themselves that it was the right decision.

By: Jitendra Sharma

Individual vs. Group Decision Making

In establishing objectives, groups are probably superior to individuals because of the greater amount of knowledge available to groups.

In identifying alternatives, the individual efforts of group members encourage a broad search in various functional areas of the organization.

In evaluating alternatives, the collective judgement of the group, with its wider range of viewpoints, seems superior to that of the individual decision maker.

By: Jitendra Sharma

Individual vs. Group Decision Making

In choosing an alternative, group interaction and the achievement of consensus usually result in the acceptance of more risk than would be accepted by an individual decision maker.

Implementing a decision, whether or not it was made by a group, is usually accomplished by individual managers.

By: Jitendra Sharma

APPROACHES OF TAKING DECISIONS

RATIONAL INTUTIVE

By: Jitendra Sharma

INFLUENCED DECISIONS

By: Jitendra Sharma

By: Jitendra Sharma