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© Project SOUND Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden rdening with Western L.A. County Native Plan Project SOUND – 2012 (our 8 th year)

Delightful Dudleyas 2012

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This lecture was given in March, 2012 as part of the California native plant gardening series ‘Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden’.

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Page 1: Delightful Dudleyas   2012

© Project SOUND

Out of the Wilds and Into Your Garden

Gardening with Western L.A. County Native PlantsProject SOUND – 2012 (our 8th year)

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Delightful Dudleyas

C.M. Vadheim and T. Drake CSUDH & Madrona Marsh Preserve

Madrona Marsh PreserveMarch 3 & 6, 2012

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We already know that California (and Baja California) plants are special…

Our Mediterranean climate requires that plants adapt to summer drought.

One common adaptations is succulence. Modified tissues store large amounts of water, making the plant part appear fleshy, succulent, or swollen.

Species in various plant families and genera have independently evolved succulence as a mechanism for conserving water and survival in arid environments.

There are an estimated 10,000 succulent plant species throughout the world

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The Live-forevers: genus Dudleya

Named for William Russel Dudley (1849-1911), first professor of botany and head of the Botany Department at Stanford University

~ 40 species; native to the arid western United States (in particular, Southwest/ Northern California and Oregon), Baja California.

Very similar in appearance to other Stonecrops (sempervivum; sedum; echeveria).

Often grow in stone crevasses or sand dunes with little or no organic soil.

Long-lived (to 100+ years for some species) hence the common name

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_Russell_Dudley_(1849-1911).jpg

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The Stonecrop Family: Crassulaceae

~ 1500 species

Most genera exhibit some leaf succulence

Many species are used widely as garden and house plants Examples:

The genus Crassula includes the well-known Jade Plants and other small sub-shrubs, choice minatures and mat-forming plants.

Cotyledon includes interesting shrubby species with succulent stems and leaves. Some species have showy tubular yellow, orange or red flowers.

Echeverias are often used in rock gardens and indoor plants.

Kalanchoe includes plants with showy flowers.

Sedums are well known for hardy mat-forming Stonecrops which provides useful flower color in the garden in late summer and early autumn.

http://www.southampton.bcss.org.uk/images/image145.jpg

Echeverias

Kalanchoe http://www.ubcbotanicalgarden.org/potd/2006/02/sedum_spathulifolium.php

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Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)

Found in 3-4% of plant species; at least 26 angiosperm families

Nearly all are “succulents” (thick, fleshy leaves and stems)

Nearly all are from deserts or other hot-summer areas

Is an extremely important water-conservation strategy for plants in hot, dry climates

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All plants have the ability to convert carbon dioxide to sugars, using

energy from the sun

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The process of photosythesis

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Gases and water vapor enter and exit plants through stomata

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CAM - observations Stomates - open at

night; closed during day (inverted stomatal cycle)

CO2 uptake – high at night; low during day

Acid content of cells – highest at dawn; lowest at dusk

Conclusion: CAM plants store Carbon as an acid at night

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CAM plants like Dudleyas are adapted to hot, dry climates

Dudleyas only open their stomata at night to take up carbon dioxide.  They keep their stomata closed during the hot days, allowing the plant to conserve tremendous amounts of water

The plant assimilates the carbon dioxide at night and converts it to a variety of organic acids.  In the morning when the stomata close, the organic acids break down and carbon dioxide is released. 

With the energy of the new days sun light, the plant converts the carbon dioxide it has been accumulating all night into sugars.

Before being permanent CAM photosynthesizers, CAMs were probably started intermittently switching to CAM photosynthesis during times of drought and low rainfall.  Eventually those species evolved into species that solely depended on CAM photosynthesis

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Dudleyas can be used in several ways in the home garden

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http://davesgarden.com/guides/articles/view/2318/

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In terms of their garden potential, you can think of Dudleyas as belonging to one of

three categories

The Dudleya divas Often larger in size Showy (exuberant) flowers Very attractive foliage

The groundcover Dudleyas Medium to small size Readily spread, forming a mat

The ‘Pretty in a Pot’ Dudleyas Medium to small size Unique flowers or foliage

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Dudleya divas – showy accent plants

© Project SOUND

http://www.researchlearningcenter.com/bloom/species/Dudleya_pulverulenta.htm

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Chalk Dudleya – Dudleya pulverulenta ssp. pulverulenta

http://www.researchlearningcenter.com/bloom/species/Dudleya_pulverulenta.htm

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Chalk Dudleya – Dudleya pulverulenta ssp. pulverulenta

Coastal regions from San Luis Obispo south into Baja

Locally in Santa Monica Mtns., western San Gabriels

Rocky cliffs and canyons below 3000 feet

Coastal sage scrub, chaparral

http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?3284,3295,3327,3329

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Chalk Dudleya is very Echeveria-like

Size: 1-2 ft tall 1-2 ft wide (flower stalks

wider)

Growth form: Evergreen succulent Becomes somewhat dry in

summer

Foliage: Leaves flat, end in sharp tips completely covered with a

mealy white powder - hence "pulverulenta" or "powdery." 

Stem (caudex) becomes thickened with age – more so than other species

http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=DUPUhttp://www.anniesannuals.com/plants/plant_display.asp?prodid=1536&account=none

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Taxonomic confusion: is that an Echeveria or a Dudleya?

Quite similar-looking; but with a few important differences

Several local species were formerly included in Echeveria: Canyon Live-forever – Dudleya cymosa Chalk Dudleya – Dudleya pulverulenta Ladyfinger Dudleya – Dudleya edulis

Echeveria Dudleya

http://www.collectorscorner.com.au/Cacti/Echeveria%20main.htm

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Dudleya flowers are slightly different

Dudleya flowers arise from somewhere near the bottom of the rosettes normally (rarely from the rosette center as most Echeveria flowers do). 

Dudleyas & Echeverias do not form hybrids between the 2 genera; Dudleyas only interbreed with other Dudleyas

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But the real difference – and the most important for gardeners – relates to their history

Dudleyas Native to the ‘Pacific Plate’ Adapted to rainy winters & hot, dry

summers Winter-growing; summer dormant Can kill them with too much summer

water

Echeverias Native to the ‘North American Plate’ Adapted to rainy summers & dry

winters Summer growing; winter dormant Can kill them with too much winter

water

The two genera have been separated for long enough that each is very well adapted to its own environment

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So…it’s recommended to NOT combine both in the same part of the garden

Summer watering of Dudleyas should be very occasional: they are very summer ‘water-wise’ compared to Echeverias

Most Dudleyas & Echeverias do best in well-drained soils; gravelly/sandy 

The roots of some Dudleya species do not absorb moisture well in the high heat; water simply rots the roots (susceptible to root rot fungi). 

Treat as Zone 1-2 (water only several times a summer & not at summer’s end)

Dudleyas in very well-drained soils (sandy) or in pots should be treated as Zone 2

Dudleya virens ssp hassei

http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?plant_id=538

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Dudleyas can also rot from the crown or leaves, particularly if water is left sitting on the delicate leaves (some are more sensitive than others). 

Either avoid getting water on the leaves, or plant them at an angle so the water runs off.

In nature, many species grow naturally on cliff faces and steep slopes so water cannot sit on these plants.

Excess water also attracts snails and slugs – which love Dudleyas

Dudleya virens ssp hassei

http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?plant_id=538

Bottom line: best to not combine Dudleyas with succulents that have very different water requirements (Echeverias; Sedums; etc.)

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Give them what they like…

Plant them in/near rocks Naturally occurring Local boulders brought in

to add interest

Plant them on slopes – or plant the rosette at an angle rather than horizontal

Water only occasionally during summer – Zone 1-2 about right

No overhead water in summer

D. virens ssp. hassei

http://www.flickr.com/photos/93452909@N00/191287029/

Dudleya pulverulenta

http://www.flickr.com/photos/eastbaywilds/241664905/

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Flowers are like no others: dramatic!

Blooms: spring/early summer; typical for Dudleyas

Flowers: On long flowering

stalks – plan accordingly

Note hummingbird-plant features:

Red color; Shape; Flowers held away

from plant to allow access

Heavy duty, sweet nectarhttp://www.timetotrack.com/jay/dudleyc5.htm

http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3003/2606066487_0aaaf1ed09.jpg?v=0

http://www.laspilitas.com/garden/Anna%27s_Hummingbird_on_chalk_dudlea.jpg

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Be creative with rocks & Dudleyas

Sometimes man-made stone structures are perfect places for Dudleyas

http://img4.sunset.com/i/2009/04/dream-gardens-stone-seat-l.jpg

http://www.flickr.com/photos/eastbaywilds/241665013/in/photostream/

http://www.marrsandersen.com/California-plants/California-plants-Pages/Image28.html

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* Silver Dollar Plant - Dudleya brittonii

http://www.yerbabuenanursery.com/viewplant.php?pid=1509

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Native coastal areas of the Pacific side of Baja California between Tijuana & Ensenada and on Isla Todos Santos

On cliffs and hilly areas in lava rock and other very porous soils.

© Project SOUND

Silver Dollar Plant - Dudleya brittonii

http://home.comcast.net/~ldecola/baja/

http://www.yacht-transport.com/page/autumn2009/Oregon.html

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Nathaniel Lord Britton

the specific epithet honors Nathaniel Lord Britton (1859-1934), botanist and first Director of the New York Botanical Garden. Dr. Britton is also famous for his collaboration with Joseph Nelson Rose of the Carnegie Institute on The Cactaceae, a four-volume work started in 1906 and published in 1924.

© Project SOUNDhttp://sabrinacampagna.tumblr.com/post/2675832454/the-cactaceae-vol-4-descriptions-and

http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~alroy/lefa/Britton.html

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Silver Dollar Dudleya – a larger dudleya

Size: 1+ ft tall 1-2 ft wide

Growth form: Basal rosette – stem (caudex) is

very short, so leaves are bunched up

40 to 100 leaves, each up to 10 inches long

Often solitary – not spreading Moderate lifespan – 30+ years

Foliage: Green or (more commonly in

trade) very blue-white Leaves flattened

http://www.soenyun.com/Blog/2010/10/18/my-new-natives/

http://www.bambooandmore.info/2011_10_02_archive.html

http://www.baynatives.com/plants/Dudleya-brittonii/

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Why are some Dudleyas so white?

Why? Protection against sun damage Water conservation

How? Leaves are covered with a dusty,

chalky, mealy white epicuticular “wax”.

The wax in its mealy state on the leaves is attracted to water and coats drops on the leaves and prevents their evaporation.

The wax has the highest measured ultraviolet reflectivity of any plant.

© Project SOUND

http://www.arthurleej.com/p-o-m-Jan11.html

http://image54.webshots.com/154/5/90/28/539959028nsjBLY_fs.jpg

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Flowers are fantastic

Blooms: in spring – usually Apr-June in our area

Flowers: Pale yellow Stout flowering stem and

bracts are pastel pink (worthy of a diva); beautiful contrast with foliage

Attract hummingbirds

Seeds: Dry capsules split open

when seeds are ripe Seeds are tiny, many

http://www.xericworld.com/forums/members/kelly-griffin-albums-dudleya-picture1145-dudleya-brittonii-la-mission.htmlhttp://www.succulent-plant.com/families/crassulaceae/dudleya.html

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Plant Requirements Soils:

Texture: well-drained pH: any local

Light: Afternoon shade Dappled shade

Water: Winter: needs normal

amount Summer: best with

infrequent summer water – Zone 1-2; no overhead water

Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils

Other: tolerates garden conditions

better than the similar looking Dudleya pulverulenta

http://www.scientificlib.com/en/Biology/Plants/Magnoliophyta/DudleyaBrittonii01.html

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Give the diva a proper stage!

In a Baja-themed garden, with it’s natural associates

In a rock or gravel garden – be sure to consider contrasts

Often grown as a specimen plant in a large containerhttp://www.flickriver.com/photos/amarguy/3949915856/

http://www.faroutflora.com/2011/01/08/dudleyas-dudleyas-dudleyas/

http://www.hotgardens.net/cactus%20and%20succulents%20at%20huntington%20desert%20garden.htm

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Designing with diva dudleyas

Accent plants whether alone or interplanted

http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/gXhU4_V-Hhg78Lwpg9OOZQ

http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/iiUK9e2RW16pM8msvsmB4g

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Use contrast to show divas in their best light

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http://www.plantscomprehensive.com/dudleya-brittoniihttp://www.southcoastbotanicgarden.org/node/368

http://www.hotgardens.net/succulent_cactus_gallery.htm

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Many Dudleyas are long-lived

© Project SOUND

http://www.flickr.com/photos/morabeza79/favorites/page38/?view=lg

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Dudleya ‘Palos Verdes’ – a lucky accident

Probably hybrid : D. pulverulenta X D. brittonii

Good characteristics of both parents

http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?plant_id=3232

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* Canyon Dudleya – Dudleya cymosa

http://www.calfloranursery.com/pages_plants/pages_d/dudcym.html

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* Canyon Dudleya – Dudleya cymosa Dudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia =

Santa Monica Mountains Dudleya (threatened species)

Dudleya cymosa ssp. marcescens also endemic to SMM (endangered)

http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?3284,3295,3310

http://www.xericworld.com/forums/crassulaceae/2906-dudleya-cymosa.html

Dudleya cymosa ssp. ovatifolia

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Many Dudleyas have small or threatened distribution: some are very rare

Like many California native plants, dudleyas are now considered rare, threatened or endangered, depending on the species. All are protected by law, making it illegal to remove any plants from their natural habitat.

More are coming into cultivation – but many still are not available

Dudleya greenii – a Channel Islands endemic

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Canyon Dudleya: a diva, yes, but smaller

Size: < 1 ft tall (6-8” commonly) < 1 ft wide

Growth form: Basal rosette; Echeveria-like

habit

Foliage: Leaves light green to blue-

green; waxy Shape varies with sub-

species; flat and spoon-shaped to lance-shaped.

Leaves cup/hold water

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dudleya_cymosa_1.jpg

http://www.flickr.com/photos/33818785@N00/2594840898/

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ssp. marescens

Endemic to Santa Monica Mtns Grows on shaded, rocky slopes Rare Flowers yellow, sometimes w/ pink bracts

http://www.researchlearningcenter.com/bloom/species/Dudleya_cymosa_marcescens.htm

http://jay.timetotrack.com/dudlym3.htm

http://www.callutheran.edu/wf/chap/family/bjc-1781.htm

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ssp. ovatifolia

Occur on sedimentary and volcanic rocks of the western Santa Monica Mountains

Also occurs in a few isolated occurrences in the Santa Ana Mountains of Orange Co.

Rare

Flowers bright yellow with pink stalk

© Project SOUND

Grows on shaded, rocky slopes

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ssp. pumila

CA endemic

San Gabriel Mtns; also found in Kern, Mojave and as far north as Monterey.

On Rocky outcrops, slopes, talus

Flowers yellow with conspicuous pink bracts

Likely the one available in the trade, as it is the most showy

Ssp. pumila

http://www.siskiyourareplantnursery.com/index.asp?PageAction=VIEWPROD&ProdID=200http://www.flickr.com/photos/33818785@N00/2594840898/

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Flowers are showy

Blooms: in spring – usually Apr-May in western L.A. Co.

Flowers:

Flowers on relatively short ( ~ 1 ft) flowering stalks that may be more simple or many branched (ssp. pumila); arise among older leaves (base of rosette)

Flowers usually yellow but may be pink; bracts and stems usually pink to orange-pink; often showy

http://www.calfloranursery.com/pages_plants/pages_d/dudcym.html

http://www.cnps-sgm.org/gallery/G-Dudleya.html

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Excellent drainage Soils: Texture: well-drained; sandy or

rocky best pH: any local

Light: Afternoon shade is best; will look

best and survive better even in hot inland gardens

Full sun only on immediate coast

Water: Winter: adequate; supplement in

dry years Summer: best with occasional

(once a month) summer water – Water Zone 1-2

Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils. ¼ strength fertilizer in spring for container plants

http://www.flickr.com/photos/33818785@N00/2594841114/

Use a rock mulch, like Mother Nature does

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Showcase a Diva Makes an attractive pot plant;

neat rosette & showy flowers

Recommended for rock crevices or growing out of the base of boulders in the rock garden

Pair with local ferns, Monkeyflowers, Nightshades

http://www.wildgingerfarm.com/Dudleya.htm

http://www.wrightmanalpines.com/plant/dudleya-cymosa

http://stevewolf.smugmug.com/keyword/crassulaceae/1/1264431629_VzWnxbD#!i=1264431629&k=VzWnxbDhttp://www.yerbabuenanursery.com/viewplant.php?pid=0284

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Be creative – Canyon Dudleya is a versatile addition to the garden

© Project SOUND

Penstemon heterophyllus, Dudleya cymosa, Mock Heather, and Sulfur Buckwheat seem to do fine in hard, compacted soils

http://www.laspilitas.com/stores/escondido

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http://www.cyndyandjohn.com/Holiday%20Letter%202004.htm

http://gardeninginaustin.blogspot.com/2012/01/project-front-flower-bed.htmlhttp://designerblog.blogspot.com/2008_07_01_archive.html

http://www.merchantcircle.com/business/Earth.Transformations.303-554-1352/picture/view/1707601

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Many-stemmed Dudleya – Dudleya multicaulis

© 2002 BonTerra Consulting

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Los Angeles Co. to western San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange and San Diego  Cos.

Most of its known occurrences are in Orange County, where it lives mostly along the coastal plain in heavy clay soils.

In dry, stony places below 2000 ft. in San Diegan Coastal Sage scrub, Valley Grassland & chaparral.

© Project SOUND

Many-stemmed Dudleya – Dudleya multicaulis

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Dudleya multicaulis is somewhat unusual

Size: < 1 ft tall & wide

Growth form: Stem/upper root corm-

like (underground vertical stem); dies back in dry season

In wild is not readily identifiable except during the late spring and early summer when succulent leaves and flowers may be observed.

Foliage: Leaves few, finger-like,

blue-green with pink blush

http://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/manystemmeddudleya.html

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Flowers: almost bulb-like Blooms: in spring - usually

in April-June

Flowers: dominated by its erect

stems, which are topped with a branching inflorescence bearing up to 15 flowers on each long, thin branch.

The flowers have pointed yellow petals up to a centimeter long, and long stamens.

Flowers age to red

Seeds: many, small in dry capsule that splits open

© 2010 Andrew Borcher

http://nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/plants/Crassulaceae/Dudleya%20multicaulis.htm

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Plant RequirementsDudleya multicaulis

Soils: Texture: well-drained; rocky

best pH: any local

Light: Afternoon shade or dappled

sun Can also take full sun – dies

back in summer

Water: Winter: adequate moisture Summer: dry to occasional

water – Water Zones 1 or 1-2; let dry out after blooming like a bulb

Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils

Other: inorganic mulch

http://nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/plants/Crassulaceae/Dudleya%20multicaulis.htm

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Bulb-like Diva

Grow where its small size will be appreciated: Rock walls Rock gardens Containers

Works well in local native bulb/fern garden

© 2003 Kristin Szabo

shown with Isocoma menziesii, Hemizonia fasciculata

http://nathistoc.bio.uci.edu/plants/Crassulaceae/Dudleya%20multicaulis.htm

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San Gabriel Mtns. Dudleya – Dudleya densiflora

© Project SOUND

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© Project SOUNDhttp://drystonegarden.com/index.php/2009/01/cabernet-stone-terracing/

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*Powdery Live-forever – Dudleya farinosa

© Br. Alfred Brousseau, Saint Mary's College

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*Powdery Live-forever – Dudleya farinosa

http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?3284,3295,3320

Most common along coast from San Francisco and north for about 800 miles to Oregon and some miles up its coast.

Typical coastal species – low-growing with very showy flowers

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Powdery Dudleya: a spreading diva

Super succulent to fill a pot or rock crevice

Can also be used as a succulent groundcover

http://www.infojardin.com/foro/showthread.php?t=36822

© 2002 Brad Kelley

Gerald and Buff Corsi © California Academy of Sciences

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Dudleya groundcovers – the spreaders

© Project SOUND

http://www.faroutflora.com/2011/01/08/dudleyas-dudleyas-dudleyas/

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Many Dudleyas work well in planters

© Project SOUND

http://drystonegarden.com/index.php/2009/01/cabernet-stone-terracing/

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Dudleyas are so versatile : formal or informal

Dudleyas with strict rosettes look quite formal

http://www.ecosalon.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/more-showcase-2009-023-341x455.jpg

http://kristamaxwell.com/garden/photos2.html

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Dudleya Groundcovers

© Project SOUND

http://marvistagreengardenshowcase.blogspot.com/2012/02/3041-midvale-avenue.html

http://marvistagreengardenshowcase.blogspot.com/2012/02/12806-stanwood-drive.html

Dudleya farinosa Dudleya virens Dudleya edulis Dudleya anomala Dudleya viscida Dudleya caespitosa

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Bright Green Dudleya – Dudleya virens ssp hassei

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Bright Green Dudleya – Dudleya virens ssp insularis

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Bright Green Dudleya – Dudleya virens

Two local subspecies: ssp. hassei – Catalina ssp. insularis – Palos

Verdes, S. Channel Islands

On steep slopes in chaparral, coastal bluff scrub, and coastal sage scrub habitats below 1000 ft.http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Dudleya+virens

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Characteristics of ssp. hassei

Size: < 6 in. tall 1-2 ft wide

Growth form: Spreading clump of

succulent rosettes Evergreen; dries in

summer

Foliage: Succulent, cylindrical

leaves Color: blue-green to

more yellow-green

Flowers: pale yellow on pale pink stalk

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dudleya_virens

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Dudleya virens ssp. hasseii

© Project SOUND

http://www.faroutflora.com/2011/01/08/dudleyas-dudleyas-dudleyas/

http://crassulaceae.net/dudleyamenu/72-speciesdudleya/224-dudleya-part-5-list-of-species

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Characteristics of ssp. insularis Size: a bit bigger

~ 1 ft tall 1-2+ ft wide

Growth form: Spreading clump of

succulent rosettes Evergreen; dries in summer

Foliage: Succulent, cylindrical

leaves Color: blue-green to more

yellow-green; usually more glaucus (white farina) than ssp. hassei

Flowers: pale pink-yellow on brighter pink stalk

© 2003 BonTerra Consulting

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Dudleya virens ssp. insularis

© Project SOUND

http://crassulaceae.net/dudleyamenu/72-speciesdudleya/224-dudleya-part-5-list-of-species

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Plant Requirements for Dudleya virens

Soils: Texture: best in light, well-

drained soil, but can succeed in many gardens

pH: any local

Light: Full sun only in coastal area Light shade (afternoon shade)

in hotter inland gardens; needs enough sun for good color, shape

Water: Winter: needs good winter

rains Summer: keep fairly dry –

Zone 1-2 best

Fertilizer: likes poor soils; can lightly fertilize (1/5 strength) in winter (esp. in pots)

© 2005 BonTerra Consulting

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Groundcover Dudleyas in the garden

Attractive pot plants

Good for succulent ground-covers (best in small areas; smaller varieties (spp. hassei) work best)

Excellent choice for rock gardens, dry-stone walls, retaining walls

On hillsides, slopes

http://www.smgrowers.com/products/plants/plantdisplay.asp?plant_id=2987

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Keeping Dudleyas healthy: summary Plant in well-drained soils, at an angle

Water properly; depends on soils

Promote good air circulation

Don’t stress the plants: heat, cold

Prevent & treat common problems: Aphids & Mealy bugs: prevent Argentine ants from

introducing mealybugs or aphids to your dudleyas - Mealybugs particularly attack roots

Snails & slugs: don’t over-water; remove

Rabbits & deer: exclude from garden area

For greatest success in cultivation, choose species from your local area.

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*Ladyfinger Live-forever – Dudleya edulis

© 2000 Salvatore Zimmitti

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*Ladyfinger Live-forever – Dudleya edulis

http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?3284,3295,3319

Orange, Riverside and San Diego Counties south to Baja

Rocky/sandy slopes, hillsides, ledges below 4000’

coastal sage scrub, chaparral

edulis : edible

http://www.kenbowles.net/sdwildflowers/FamilyIndexes/Crassulaceae/FotoIndex.htm

http://www.miriameaglemon.com/photogallery/Plants.htm

http://www.plantscomprehensive.com/sandiegonatives-blog

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Ladyfinger Dudleya: small and upright

Size: to 1 ft tall 1+ ft wide

Growth form: Evergreen succulent Spreads by forming new

rosettes; may become mat-like in right setting

Foliage: Blue-green to light green

with white cast; may be pink tinged

Leaves finger-like, upright

© 2009 Aaron Schusteff

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Ladyfinger flowers are delicate & pretty

Flowers: Pale color- range from

white to light yellow or light peach

Open star shape – quaint appearing

Showy red or orange anthers – really distinctive

© 2005 Jasmine J. Watts

http://www.kenbowles.net/sdwildflowers/FamilyIndexes/Crassulaceae/FotoIndex.htm

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Lady-fingers stars in pots or as a ground cover

Nice in a large pot – fills the pot or plant with other species; place it where you can enjoy the flowers

Great groundcover on slopes or in small areas; will fill in around rocks

You can even use it as a house plant

http://www.flickr.com/photos/eastbaywilds/3526601427/

http://www.kenbowles.net/sdwildflowers/FamilyIndexes/Crassulaceae/FotoIndex.htm

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Garden hardy - even inland

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Maintaining Dudleyas: fairly easy

No pruning is necessary, although dudleya will benefit from a beheading (stem cutting) if the plant becomes old or tall and spindly.

You may want to remove any leaves which have died. This will help to avoid rot and bugs.

Avoid touching the healthy leaves - your body oils will leave marks or remove farina.

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Sticky Dudleya – Dudleya viscida

© 2002 Dean Wm. Taylor

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Southern coastal S. CA – primarily Orange & San Diego Co.

Rocky bluffs and hillsides in CSS and Chaparral – often a literal ‘cliff-hanger’

Rare/threatened in the wild – CNPS 1B.2

© Project SOUND

Sticky Dudleya – Dudleya viscida

http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?3284,3295,3339

© Roxanne Bittman and CNPS

http://crassulaceae.net/dudleyamenu/72-speciesdudleya/224-dudleya-part-5-list-of-species

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Sticky Dudleya – slowly spreading

Size: 1 ft tall (flower stalks taller) 1-2 ft wide – spreads slightly

Growth form: Starts as rather dense basal

rosette – caudex short Succulent – frost sensitive

Foliage: Bright green to red-tipped or

yellow green – depends on heat, sun, drought

Cylindrical, upright leaves – pointed tips

Sticky with slightly resinous exudate – more so in hot-dry – unusual for Dudleya

http://www.soenyun.com/Blog/2010/10/18/my-new-natives/

http://davesgarden.com/guides/articles/view/2318/

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Flowers are pink!!!

Blooms: in spring - usually April-May in our area

Flowers: Pale pink (nearly white) to

medium pink with darker pink stripes

Small size – like all Dudleyas

Flowering stem is much-divided – so many more flowers than most Dudleyas – literally ‘covered with flowers’

Seeds: tiny; birds will eat

Vegetative reproduction: naturally produces offsets (pups)

© 2006 Jasmine J. Watts

© 2009 Robert Steers

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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dudleya_viscida

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Plant Requirements Soils: Texture: well-drained rocky

soils are best – but more adaptable than most

pH: any local

Light: Full sun to part-shade

Water: Winter: needs good drainage Summer: best with occasional

summer water – Water Zone 1-2; very drought tolerant but won’t look as nice

Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils

Other: Use an inorganic mulch Cut old flower stalks in fall

© 2009 Robert Steers

http://crassulaceae.net/dudleyamenu/72-speciesdudleya/224-dudleya-part-5-list-of-species

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Good for slopes & walls

On dry slopes As an attractive pot plant –

a real beauty in bloom In a rock garden In a dry-stone wall Along a sidewalk or block

wall© 2009 Robert Steers

© 2009 Robert Steershttp://crassulaceae.net/dudleyamenu/72-speciesdudleya/224-dudleya-part-5-list-of-species

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Dudleya Garden - Santa Barbara Botanic Garden

© Project SOUND

http://www.gardentourist.org/Santa_Barbara_Botanic_Garden/Santa_Barbara_Botanic_Garden.html

http://www.gardentourist.org/Santa_Barbara_Botanic_Garden/Santa_Barbara_Botanic_Garden.html

A fairly informal garden

http://www.xericworld.com/forums/members/sarmis-luters-albums-dudleyas-santa-barbara-botanical-garden-picture4779-sticky-live-forever-dudleya-viscida-july-2-2011.html

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* No Name Dudleya – Dudleya anomala

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Range: Baja Norte, Mexico on Coronado and Todos los Santos Islands (off coast near Ensanada), and rarely at Pico Banda

Always growing on north facing cliffs

© Project SOUND

* No Name Dudleya – Dudleya anomala

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Garden uses for No Name Dudleya

Nice smaller groundcover Dudleya – especialy in bright shade to afternoon shade

As an attractive pot plant

http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/showimage/330302/

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Sea Lettuce – Dudleya caespitosa

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Sea Lettuce – Dudleya caespitosa

http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?3284,3295,3307

© 2006 Steven Thorsted

http://www.faroutflora.com/2010/04/27/im-a-dudleya-dork/

Ft. Funston bluffsPoint Mugu

Coastal California, from Monterrey county to Los Angeles county – locally at Point Mugu, N. Santa Monica Mtns

Commonly found on coastal bluffs

AKA ‘Sand Lettuce’

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Characteristics of Dudleya caespitosa Size: medium

~ 1 ft tall ~ 1 ft wide

Growth form: Slightly different in N & S

part of range N coast – echeveria-like S coast – more sparse,

more finger-like leaves Spreading - groundcover

Foliage: Pale green to blue-green;

sometimes pinkish tipped Nice looking with just a little

waterhttp://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Crassulaceae/Dudleya_caespitosa.html

http://www.researchlearningcenter.com/bloom/species/Dudleya_caespitosa.htm

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Flowers: yellow with pink accents

Blooms: in spring – usually Mar-May in our area

Flowers: On rather slender,

branching pink stalks - wand-like

Flowers bright yellow – flower bracts may be orange or even pink

Lovely massed ; and hummingbirds will love this groundcover!

Vegetative reproduction: Readily forms offsets (pups)

http://www.researchlearningcenter.com/bloom/species/Dudleya_caespitosa.htm

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dudleya_caespitosa

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Coastal plant: coastal requirements

Soils: Texture: well-drained – rocky

or sandy best pH: any local – 6.00-8.00

Light: Full sun to light shade along

coast Afternoon shade in most

gardens

Water: Winter: adequate moisture Summer: best with a little

summer water – Zone 1-2 (even 2 in sandy soils); don’t let water sit on leaves

Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils

Other: inorganic mulchhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dudleya_caespitosa

http://www.laspilitas.com/nature-of-california/plants/dudleya-caespitosa

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Dudleya caespitosa

A versatile Dudleya that can be used in many attractive ways in the garden

http://www.flickr.com/photos/exuberance/3251771669/ http://www.anniesannuals.com/plt_lst/lists/general/lst.gen.asp?prodid=3942

Point Loboshttp://geogdata.csun.edu/~voltaire/ann/plant/pointlobos.html

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Dudleya ?caespitosa hybrid 'Frank Reinelt'

Beautiful native succulent with silver leaves that blush rose-purple with winter chill.

form dense mounds 6 - 8 inches tall

Recommended in rock gardens and as groundcover esp. on slopes w/ other N CA species. Great in containers!

Sometimes mistakenly sold as Dudleya 'Anacapa' in the nursery trade.

© Project SOUND

http://www.calfloranursery.com/plants/dudleya-frank-reinelt

http://www.theodorepayne.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Dudleya_'Frank_Reinelt'&printable=yes

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Smaller Dudleyas – the container species

© Project SOUNDhttp://slosson.ucdavis.edu/documents/2005-200610656.pdf

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Container gardens – allow you to provide just the right conditions

http://slosson.ucdavis.edu/documents/2005-200610656.pdf

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Containers also allow you to design with plants and containers, creating unique garden accents

© Project SOUND

http://marvistagreengardenshowcase.blogspot.com/2011/02/3922-albright-avenue.html

http://www.flickriver.com/photos/eastbaywilds/sets/72157594276050096/

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Designing with succulents: use shape & color contrasts to createinterest

Dudleya pulverulenta (l) & D. edulis (r)

http://www.flickr.com/photos/72544341@N00/2310150657

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Containers, plants & mulch should complement

http://lasmmcnps.org/images/Dudleya%20pulverulenta%202.JPG

Native succulents Dudleya pulverulenta (chalk dudleya) Dudleya edulis (San Diego dudleya) and a small Sedum spathulifolium (stonecrop)

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Lance-leaf Dudleya (Live-forever) – Dudleya lanceolata

http://www.timetotrack.com/jay/dudleyl2.htm

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Santa Barbara and Kern Cos. to northern Baja

Local mountain ranges including both coastal & desert ranges; also Palos Verdes peninsula

common on dry and rocky slopes to 3500' in coastal sage scrub and chaparral

Most often on less harsh and moister north-facing slopes

http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?3284,3295,3323

Lance-leaf Dudleya (Live-forever) – Dudleya lanceolata

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Lance-leaf DudleyaDudleya lanceolata

Local mountain ranges including both coastal & desert ranges; also Palos Verdes peninsula

Interesting foliage color & shape

Flowers very showy – hot pink

http://kristamaxwell.com/garden/photos2.html

http://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/lanceleafdudleya.html

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Palmer’s Live-forever – Dudleya palmeri

Gary A. Monroe @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database

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Palmer’s Live-forever – Dudleya palmeri

http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?3284,3295,3326

Endemic to the central & s. coast from Monterey to Los Angeles Co. – locally in Santa Monica Mtns.

Coastal areas in natural rock gardens, rock crevices, slopes, hillsides under 500 ft elevation

http://www.researchlearningcenter.com/bloom/species/Dudleya_palmeri.htm

© 2004 Brent Miller

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Characteristics of Palmer’s

Size: moderate 1 ft tall 1 ft wide

Growth form: Basal rosette typical of

Dudleya 15-25 leaves

Foliage: Medium to blue-green Leaves flat, broad, lance-

shaped Leaves can be short or

quite long depending on light & other conditions

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dudleya_palmeri

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Palmer’s flowers are bright & showy

Blooms: in spring usually March/April/May in western L.A. County

Flowers: One a stout pink flowering

stalk like a candelabra – at least 12” above the rosette

Flowers yellow/yellow-orange; bracts are hot pink – really bright and showy (to attract hummingbirds)

Seeds: Many, small in dry capsule Birds eat them

© 2004 Brent Miller

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dudleya_palmeri

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Plant Requirements:Palmers Dudleya

Soils: Texture: well-drained pH: any local

Light: Afternoon shade/dappled

shade In nature, usually on east-

facing slopes, canyon walls

Water: Winter: adequate;

supplement if needed Summer: infrequent (Water

Zone 1-2); keep leaves dry

Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils; pots need ¼ strength in spring

Other: inorganic mulch (if any) – follow Mother Nature’s cues

http://www.researchlearningcenter.com/bloom/species/Dudleya_palmeri.htm

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Garden uses for Palmer’s Dudleya As an attractive container plant –

alone or with other dudleyas In a rock garden or rocky berm In drystone wall and pervious

retaining walls East-facing slopes with CA fuschia &

local native ferns

http://davesgarden.com/guides/articles/view/2318/

http://www.researchlearningcenter.com/bloom/species/Dudleya_palmeri.htm

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Growing Dudleyas in containers Dudleyas grow well in pots and

make excellent outdoor specimens in Mediterranean climates. 

Potting soil should be very well-draining; amend potting soils with sharp sand and pumice to insure good drainage. 

Watering: treat as Zone 2; monitor carefully in hot weather

Light: afternoon shade or bright shade best

Propagation: easiest by removing rooted offsets (pups), but can be from seed

Dudleya farinosa

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Other considerations for growing Dudleyas

Bright light is integral to the proper growth of this genus.

Plants grown in low-light will lose their color, grow tall and spindly and will eventually die.

Most Dudleyas make poor houseplants

Most Dudleyas do best with moderate temperatures - protect from blistering afternoon heat, frosts (particularly if in pots)

Potting soil should be very well-draining; use a cactus mix or amend available soils with sharp sand and pumice to insure good drainage. 

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Dudleya ‘Bright Sprite’ 1 ft x 1 ft Pale, pastel foliage and flowers Sun to part-shade Occasional water Beautiful in rock gardens or

containers. Excellent mass planted or as an accent against darker foliage such as Ceanothus

© Project SOUND

http://www.theodorepayne.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Dudleya_'Bright_Sprite'

http://photobucket.com/images/Dudleya+'Bright+Sprite'/

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Dudleya gnoma [D. greenei] - ‘White Sprite’

Native to Santa Rosa Island – rare in nature

Small and charming – very white

Readily available

http://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Crassulaceae/Dudleya_gnoma.html

http://www.yerbabuenanursery.com/viewplant.php?pid=1531

http://crassulaceae.net/dudleyamenu/94-photos/538-dudleya-gnoma-white-sprite-photos

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Abram’s Dudleya – Dudleya abramsii

© 2006 Steve Matson

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Abram’s Dudleya – Dudleya abramsii

http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?3284,3295,3296

Ssp. affinis

© 2011 Chris Winchell

Mountains of San Diego, Riverside and San Bernardino Counties & N. Baja

Rocky outcrops (granitic or quartzite, rarely limestone); Chaparral, Yellow Pine Forest, Foothill Woodland between 150 and 8500 feet

Name honors Leroy Abrams, its discoverer, 1903

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Desert side of San Bernardino Mtns

© Project SOUND

San Bernardino Mountains Liveforever - ssp. affinis

http://www.desertusa.com/flowers/San-Bernardino-Mountains-Liveforever.htmlhttp://www.xericworld.com/forums/crassulaceae/2878-dudleya-abramsii-affinis-baldwinensis.html

http://rareplanttreasurehunt.blogspot.com/2011/08/highlights-of-season.html

http://crassulaceae.net/dudleyamenu/72-speciesdudleya/224-dudleya-part-5-list-of-species

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Dudleya abramsii ssp. murina

San Luis Obispo

© Project SOUND

http://crassulaceae.net/dudleyamenu/72-speciesdudleya/224-dudleya-part-5-list-of-species

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Conejo Dudleya - ssp. parva

© Project SOUND

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudleya_abramsii

http://hazmac.biz/061030/061030DudleyaAbramsiiParva.html

http://crassulaceae.net/dudleyamenu/72-speciesdudleya/224-dudleya-part-5-list-of-speciesMark W. Skinner @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database

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Characteristics of Abram’s Dudleya

Size: petite: often 6” tall and wide

Growth form: Leaf & stem succulent Short caudex – forms basal

rosette Usually 10-20 leaves per rosette

Foliage: Pale green to blue-green Waxy white Leaves lance-shaped, flattened

and pointed

Roots: reach into cracks in the rocks

http://www.soenyun.com/Blog/2010/10/18/my-new-natives/

© 2008 Thomas Stoughton

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Flowers are also petite Blooms: in spring – April-June

Flowers: Pale yellow; typical Dudleya

shape Many pale pink, branched

stalks – lots of flowers for such a small plant

Vegetative reproduction: may produce off-sets

© 2008 Thomas Stoughton

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Plant Requirements Soils:

Texture: more adaptable than expected – likes well-drained

pH: any local

Light: Afternoon shade best in

most gardens Dappled sun fine

Water: Winter: adequate to

replenish deep stores Summer: occasional water

for best appearance – Water Zone 1-2; taper off in fall

Fertilizer: none; likes poor soils

Other: slugs, snails, mealybugs© 2005 Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area

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Place where you can appreciate it

As an attractive pot plant In a rock garden – near the

front On a rocky berm In a drystone wall© 2005 Chris Wagner, SBNF

© 2006 Steve Matson© 2011 Chris Winchell

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More small-sized Dudleyas from S. CA

© 2006 Steve Matson

© 2006 Vince Scheidt

Dudleya attenuata ssp. orcuttii

© 2006 Steve Matson

Dudleya cymosa ssp. pumila

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We hope you’ve gotten some ideas…

© Project SOUND

Photo: Griselda Sasayama

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Hillsides work well for cacti & succulents

Promote plant health by providing good drainage

Allow the viewer to see/appreciate each species

A fire-wise alternative

Decrease challenges of watering steep slopes

http://www.casperlandscape.com/22_view.html

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From lawn to succulent garden…

http://www.indahbulan.com/tantenbaum.html

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We’ve come to the end of our We’ve come to the end of our tour of Delightful Dudleyastour of Delightful Dudleyas

© Project SOUND