Group 4

1668—

Periodic table was first published by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869.

The elements carbon, sulfur, iron, tin, lead, copper, mercury, silver, and gold

are known to humans since ancient times.

1669—

Phosphorus was discovered by German alchemist Hennig Brand.

1735—

Cobalt was first discovered by a Swedish chemist Georg Brandt.

1748—

Platinum was described by Julius Caesar Scaliger in 1557. But the metal

was observed by Antonio de Ulloa and Don Jorge Juan y Santacilia in 1748.

1751—

Nickel was discovered by the Swedish chemist Axel Fredrik Cronstedt.

1766—

Hydrogen was discovered by English chemist and physicist Henry

Cavendish.

1772—

Nitrogen was discovered by Scottish chemist Daniel Rutherford.

1774—

Chlorine was discovered by a Swedish scientist, Carl William Scheele.

1774—

Manganese was first observed by Swedish chemist Johann Gottlieb Gahn.

1774—

Oxygen was discovered by English chemist Joseph Priestley and Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

1781—

Swedish chemist Peter Jacob Hjelm isolated molybdenum in 1781. However molybdenum was discovered by Carl Welhelm Scheele, a Swedish chemist, in 1778.

1782—

Tellurium was discovered by Austrian mineralogist Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein.

1783—

In 1781, Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovered that a new acid, tungsticacid, could be made from scheelite. Tungsten was isolated by on Juan José D'Elhuyard and Don Fausto D'Elhuyard, Spanish chemists and brothers, in 1783, and they are credited with the discovery of the element.

1789—

Uranium was discovered by German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth.

1789—

Zirconium was discovered by German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth.

1791—

Titanium was first discovered by English clergyman William Gregor.

1794—

Yttrium was discovered by Finnish chemist Johan Gadolin.

1797—

Chromium was discovered by French chemist Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin.

1798—

Beryllium was discovered by French chemist Louis-Nicolas Vauquelin.

1801—

Niobium was discovered by the English chemist Charles Hatchett.

1801—

Vanadium was discovered by Mexican chemist Andrés Manuel del Río discovers vanadium.

1802—

Tantalum was discovered by Swedish chemist and mineralogist Anders Gustaf Ekeberg.

1803—

Palladium was discovered by English chemist and physicist William Hyde Wollaston.

1803—

Rhodium was discovered by English chemist and physicist William Hyde Wollaston.

1803—

Iridium was discovered by English chemist Smithson Tennant.

1803—

Cerium was discovered in Sweden by Jön Jakob Berzelius and Wilhelm Hisinger, and independently in Germany by Martin Heinrich Klaproth, both in 1803.

1804—

Osmium was discovered by English chemist Smithson Tennant.

1807—

Potassium was discovered by English chemist Sir HumphryDavy.

1807—

Sodium was discovered by English chemist Sir Humphry Davy.

1808—

Barium was isolated by English chemist Sir Humphry Davy.

1808—

Strontium was isolated by English chemist Sir Humphry Davy.

1808—

Calcium was discovered by English chemist Sir Humphry Davy.

1808—

Magnesium was discovered by Joseph Black, in England, in 1755. The element was isolated by A. A. B. Bussy and Sir Humphrey Davyin 1808.

1808—

Boron was first discovered by Sir Humphrey Davy, Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thênard.

1811—

Iodine was discovered by the French chemist Bernard Courtois.

1817—

Lithium was discovered by Swedish chemist Johan August Arfwedson.

1817—

Cadmium was discovered by German chemist Friedrich Stromeyer.

1817—

Selenium was discovered by Swedish chemists Jöns Jacob Berzelius and Johan Gottlieb Gahn.

1824—

Silicon was first identified by the French chemist Antoine Lavoisier in 1787. Silicon was re-discovered by Jöns Jacob Berzelius, a Swedish chemist, in 1824.

1825—

Aluminium was discovered by Danish chemist and physicist Hans Christian Oersted.

1826—

Bromine was discovered by two chemists, C. Lowg in Germany and Antoine-Jérôme Balard in France in 1825 and 1826, respectively.

1828—

Thorium was discovered by Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius.

1839—

Lanthanum was discovered by a Swedish chemist, Carl GustafMosander.

1843—

Terbium was discovered by a Swedish chemist, Carl GustafMosander.

1843—

Erbium was discovered by the Swedish chemist, Carl GustafMosander.

1844—

Ruthenium was discovered by the Russian scientist Karl Ernst Claus.

1860—

Caesium was discovered by German chemists, Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and Gustav Robert Kirchhoff.

1861—

Rubidium was discovered by German chemists Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff.

1861—

Thallium was discovered by British physicist Sir William Crookes.

1863—

Indium was discovered by German chemists Ferdinand Reich and Hieronymus Theodor Richter.

1875—

Gallium was discovered by the Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran.

1878—

Ytterbium was discovered by the Swiss chemist Jean-Charles-Galissard de Marignac.

1878—

Holmium was discovered by Marc Delafontaine and Jacques-Louis Soret in 1878 in Switzerland. Later in 1878, a Swedish chemist, Per Teodor Cleve independently discovered the element holmium.

1879—

Thulium was discovered by Swedish chemist Per Theodor Cleve.

1879—

Scandium was discovered by Swedish chemist Lars Fredrik Nilson.

1879—

Samarium was discovered by French chemist, Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in Switzerland in 1853. It was isolated in France in 1879 by the French chemist Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran.

1880—

Gadolinium was only discovered by a Swiss chemist called Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac.

1885—

Praseodymium was discovered by Carl F. Auer von Welsbach, a German chemist.

1885—

Neodymium was discovered by Baron Carl Auer von Welsbach in Vienna, Austria.

1886—

Germanium was discovered by German chemist Clemens Alexander Winkler.

1886—

Fluorine was discovered by French chemist Henri Moissan.

1886—

Dysprosium was discovered by French chemist Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran.

1894—

Argon was discovered by English chemists Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsav.

1895—

French astronomer Pierre Janssen in 1868 found proof that a new element helium existed in the Sun. Helium was isolated by Sir William Ramsay and independently by N. A. Langley and P. T. Cleve at 1895 in London, England and Uppsala, Sweden.

1898—

Krypton was discovered by Sir William Ramsay, a Scottish chemist, and Morris M. Travers, an English chemist.

1898—

Neon was discovered by Sir William Ramsay, a Scottish chemist, and Morris M. Travers, an English chemist.

1898—

Xenon was discovered by Sir William Ramsay, a Scottish chemist, and Morris M. Travers, an English chemist.

1898—

Polonium was discovered by French physicists Marie and Pierre Curie.

1898—

Radium was discovered by French physicists Marie and Pierre Curie.

1899—

Actinium was discovered by French chemist André-Louis Debierne.

1900—

Radon was discovered by German physicist Friedrich Ernst Dorn.

1901—

Europium was discovered by French chemist Eugène-AnatoleDemarçay.

1907—

Lutetium was independently discovered by French scientist Georges Urbain, Austrian mineralogist Baron Carl Auer von Welsbach, and American chemist Charles James.

1917—

Protactinium was discovered in 1917/18 by Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner.

1923—

Hafnium was discovered by Dutch physicist Dirk Coster and Hungarian chemist George Charles de Hevesy.

1925—

Rhenium was discovered by the German chemists Ida Tacke-Noddack, Walter Noddack and Otto Carl Berg.

1936—

Technetium was officially discovered by Italian physicist Emilio Segré and his colleague Carlo Perrier.

1939—

Francium was discovered by Marguerite Catherine Perey, a French chemist.

1940—

Neptunium was discovered by Edwin M. McMillan and Philip H. Abelson.

1940—

Astatine was isolated by Dale R. Corson, Kenneth R. Mackenzie, and Emilio Segré.

1940—

Plutonium was discovered by Glenn Seaborg, Edwin McMillan, Joseph Kennedy, and Arthur Wahl at the University of California, Berkeley.

1944—

Americium was discovered by Glenn Seaborg, Leon Morgan, Ralph James and Albert Ghiorso at the University of California, Berkeley.

1944—

Curium was discovered by Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, and Albert Ghiorso at the University of California, Berkeley.

1945—

Promethium was first produced at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1945 by Jacob A. Marinsky, Lawrence E. Glendenin and Charles D. Coryell. But its discovery was announced in 1947.

1949—

Berkelium was discovered by Glenn T. Seaborg, Albert Ghiorso, Stanley G. Thompson and Kenneth Street at the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory.

1950—

Californium was discovered by Stanley Thompson, Kenneth Street, Jr., Albert Ghiorso and Glenn T. Seaborg at the University of California at Berkeley.

1952—

Einsteinium was discovered by Albert Ghiorso and co-workers at Berkeley Laboratories, University of California, USA.

1952—

Fermium was discovered by Albert Ghiorso and co-workers at the University of California at Berkeley.

first person in

history to

discover a new

element

Hennig BrandAntoine-Laurent de Lavoisier

Lavoisier's Traite Elementairede

Chimie (Elementary Treatise of

Chemistry) is considered to be

the first modern

textbook about chemistry.

It contained a list of "simple

substances" that Lavoisier

believed could not be broken

down further, which

included oxygen, nitrogen, hydr

ogen, phosphorus, mercury, zin

c and sulfur, which formed the

basis for the modern list of

elements.

Dmitri Mendeleev

was the first scientist

to make a periodic

table similar to the

one used today.

Henry Moseley

He was then able to re-

sequence the periodic table

by nuclear charge, rather

than by atomic

weight. Moseley's discovery

showed that atomic numbers

were in fact based upon

experimental

measurements.

Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner

formed the triads of elements

with similar properties like the

triad of calcium, barium and

strontium.

1817

John Newlands

an English chemist proposed the Law of

Octaves. He based his classification of

elements on the fact that similar

properties could be noted for every eight

element when they are arranged in order

of increasing atomic masses.

1863

1869

1914

1649

1789