DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECHDIRECT SPEECHCHARACTERISTICS:

It is original quotation of a talk It is always placed between two quotation marks It is always preceded by Capital letter

Colon (:), Comma (,) are placed before direct speech when the introductory verb position is in the front

Comma (,) are placed after direct speech when the introductory verb position is placed after or between the direct speech

The use of punctuation like exclamation mark (!), question mark (?) that point type of sentence of direct speech do not change

Eg. - ‘Where do you live?’ she asked - My mother says to my sister: ‘Wash your hands!’- She yelled at me: ‘Don’t have the door open!’

INDIRECT SPEECH

It is a kind of report sentence (reported speech)

It retells one’s talk or idea It undergoes certain modification

It has three types of indirect speech 1. Imperative (Command/request)2. Declarative (Statement)3. Interrogative (question

1. Imperative (Command/request) The reported is a command Because of a command so that it

does not know subject The verb in direct imperative does

not change

- Imperative has contain verb 1 like go, sleep, open etc so in the indirect speech is preceded by to infinitive) namely to go, to sleep, to open

It also has non verb, so the reported command is preceded by ‘Be + adjective/adverb!’ like: be quiet, be happy, be here so in the Indirect Speech it becomes to be quiet, to be happy, to be here

POSITIVE IMPERATIVE:DIRECT SPEECHDIRECT SPEECH

She said, “She said, “GoGo away!” away!”

““Come Come here!” she here!” she said.said.

I said, “I said, “Be quiteBe quite!” !”

‘‘Be quietBe quiet!’ she yelled at !’ she yelled at the children the children

She begged, “She begged, “Be Be happyhappy!” !”

‘‘Please Please helphelp me!’ she me!’ she told him told him

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

INDIRECT SPEECHINDIRECT SPEECH She told me She told me to goto go away away

She ordered her She ordered her to goto go away away

She asked him She asked him to cometo come there there

She commended them She commended them to cometo come there there

I begged us I begged us to be quiteto be quite

I suggested the children I suggested the children to be quiteto be quite

She ordered the children She ordered the children to to be quietbe quiet

She warned She warned to be happyto be happy

She asked him She asked him to helpto help her her

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE:DIRECT SPEECHDIRECT SPEECH

She said, “Don’t go away!”

“Don’t Come here!” she said

I said, “Don’t Be noisy!”She begged, “Don’t be lazy!”

‘Don’t be lazy!’ she said to Laila

‘Don’t worry about it!’ She said to him

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

INDIRECT SPEECHINDIRECT SPEECH

She told me not to go awayShe ordered her not to go away

She asked him not to come thereShe commended them not to come there

I begged us not to be noisyI suggested the children not to be noisy

She warned us not to be lazy

She advised Laila not to be lazy

She told him not to worry about it

oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

Declarative (Statement) A. Pronoun and Possessive adjective

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECHI He/SheYou me/he/she/them/I/him/herMy his/herOur their/ourYour My/his/her

Declarative (Statement) B. Adverb of time and Place

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH now then today that day tomorrow the next day

the day afterthe following daya day later

next the … after the following …

Declarative (Statement) B. Adverb of time and Place

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH last … the … before

the previous …the preceding …

… ago … before … earlieryesterday the day before

the previous daythe preceeding day

the day before yesterday two days beforehere there this that these those

Declarative (Statement) C. Tenses

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Present Simple Past SimplePresent Continuous Past ContinuousPresent Perfect Past PerfectPresent Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

Declarative (Statement) C. Tenses

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Future Simple Past FutureFuture Continuous Past Future ContinuousFuture Perfect Past Future PerfectFuture Perfect Continuous Past Future Perfect

Continuous

Declarative (Statement) C. Tenses

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECHPast Simple Past PerfectPast Continuous Past Perfect ContinuousPast Perfect Past Perfect

Let’s see the following changes DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECHVerb 1 Verb 2Verb 2 Had + Verb 3Is wasAm wasAre wereHave hadHas hadDo didDoes didWas/were had beenDid had + verb 3

Let’s see the following changes DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECHCan couldMay mightMust had toShall shouldWill would

Let’s see the following changes DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Ought to + verb 1 ought to + have + verb 3 / beenCould + verb 1 could + have + verb 3 / beenMight + verb 1 might + have + verb 3 / beenShould + verb 1 should + have + verb3 / beenWould + verb 1 would + have + verb 3 / been

Examples:DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Andi: ‘I will go now.’ Andi said that he would go then

Rani: ‘They love me.’ Rani told me they loved her

‘I’ve been writing’, Dina Dina answered that she answered had been writing

Mother: ‘I was sick yesterday.’ Mother told that she had been sick

the day before

3. Interrogative (question)a. Preceded by Auxiliary

When the question is preceded by auxiliary that needs yes/No answer it will be used the conjunction if or whether in the indirect speech

The steps how to make indirect speech: The question sentence of the indirect speech is firstly

changed to be statement It then follows the rules before

ExampleDIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Doctor: ‘Do you usually take a nap?’It is firstly changed to be: You usually take a nap Doctor asks

if/whether I usually take a

nap

ExampleDIRECT SPEECH

Mary: ‘Are you a student?’It is firstly changed to be: You are a student

INDIRECT SPEECH

Ratu asked if/whether I was astudent

ExampleDIRECT SPEECHJohn: ‘May I borrow your car?’

Preceded by Question Word (QW)It is firstly changed to be: I may borrow your car

INDIRECT SPEECH John asked if he might borrow my John asked whether he might borrow my

a. Preceded by Question WordsIn the question using Question

Word (QW)To form indirect speech the question

is firstly changed to be statementQW: what, when, where, which,

why, who, whom, etc. are used as conjunction

ExampleDIRECT SPEECH

Andi: ‘How do you spell your name?’

- It is firstly changed to be:You spell your name

INDIRECT SPEECH Andi asked how I spelt my name

ExampleDIRECT SPEECH Sophia: Where can you keep your money safely?’

It is firstly changed to be:You can keep your money safely

INDIRECT SPEECH - Sophia asked me where I could keep my

money safely.

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