March 7, 2011

Grammar: FragmentsWriting:

1. Organizing and Connecting Evidence; 2. Sentence Skills; and

3. The Four Bases of Writing

Housekeeping

• work handed back while you were away• vocabulary and other questions

Self-Quiz

Number your paper, and label each sentence “S” for simple, “CD” for compound, and “CX” for complex.

1. Before I go to bed, I brush my teeth. CX2. I brush my teeth, and I wash my face. CD3. She hates brushing her teeth. S

Fragments, p. 414-429

1. After I stopped drinking coffee.

2. Jill had to wait in line at the bank for almost an hour. To cash her paycheque.

3. I spent all day in the employment office. Trying to find a job that suited me. The prospects were bleak.

4. Tony has trouble accepting criticism. Except from Lola.

5. One example of my father’s generosity is that he visits sick friends in the hospital. And takes along get well cards with a few dollars folded in them.

Fragments, p. 414-429

A fragment is a word group that might look like a sentence, but is not a sentence because

• it is missing a subject or a verb, and

• it does not express a complete thought.

Ex: To cash his paycheque.

Before I had my shower.

Correcting Fragments

1. Join them correctly to other sentences:

Ex: After I learned the price of new cars. I decided to keep my old pickup.

Ex: After I learned the price of new cars, I decided to keep my old pickup.

2. If the fragment starts with a dependent word, rewrite it without the dependent word

Ex: After I learned the price of new cars. I decided to keep my old pickup.

Correcting Fragments3. Add a subject

Ex: Anna tried all the appetizers on the table. And then found that when dinner arrived she was not hungry.

Ex: Anna tried all the appetizers on the table. Then she found that when dinner arrived she was not hungry.

4. Add a subject and verb

Ex: The class often starts late. For example, yesterday at a quarter after nine instead of nine o’clock.

Ex: The class often starts late. For example, yesterday it began at a quarter after nine instead of nine o’clock.

5. Add a subject and change the existing verb as needed

Ex: I spent almost two hours on the phone yesterday. Trying to find a garage to repair my car.

Ex: I spent almost two hours on the phone yesterday. I was trying to find a garage to repair my car.

Four Kinds of Fragments, p. 415

1. Dependent Word Fragments

2. “-ing” and “to” Fragments

3. Added-detail Fragments

4. Missing-subject Fragments

Fragments Challenge

1. After I stopped drinking coffee. (p.416-417)

2. Jill had to wait in line at the bank for almost an hour. To cash her paycheque. (p. 419-420)

3. I spent all day in the employment office. Trying to find a job that suited me. The prospects were bleak. (p. 419-420)

4. Tony has trouble accepting criticism. Except from Lola. (p. 422-423)

5. One example of my father’s generosity is that he visits sick friends in the hospital. And takes along get well cards with a few dollars folded in them. (424-425)

Fragments Challenge

1. After I stopped drinking coffee. (p.416-417)

• After I stopped drinking coffee, I started to do my homework.

• I stopped drinking coffee.

Fragments Challenge

2. Jill had to wait in line at the bank for almost an hour. To cash her paycheque. (p. 419-420)

• Jill had to wait in line at the bank for almost an hour. She wanted to cash her paycheque.

• Jill had to wait in line at the bank for almost an hour to cash her paycheque.

Fragments Challenge

3. I spent all day in the employment office. Trying to find a job that suited me. The prospects were bleak. (p. 419-420)

• I spent all day in the employment office because I was trying to find a job that suited me. The prospects were bleak.

• I spent all day in the employment office trying to find a job. . .

Fragments Challenge

4. Tony has trouble accepting criticism. Except from Lola. (p. 422-423)

• Tony has trouble accepting criticism. However, he accepts it from Lola.

• Tony has trouble accepting criticism, except from Lola.

Fragments Challenge

5. One example of my father’s generosity is that he visits sick friends in the hospital. And takes along get well cards with a few dollars folded in them. (424-425)

• . . . hospital and he takes along get well

• One example of my father’s . . . to the hospital, and takes along get well . . . in them.

Independent Practice

• Review the parts of the chapter and do the exercises as needed.

• Complete answer keys for this chapter will be posted online.

• Be prepared for a brief quiz next Monday!

BREAK

Quick Review of Steps in Writing

1. Make a point

2. Support the point with specific evidence

3. Organize and connect the evidence

4. Write clear, error free sentences

I have decided not to go out with Tony anymore. First of all, he was late for our first date. He said that he would be at my house by 8:30, but he did not arrive until 9:20. Second, he was bossy. He told me that it would be too late to go to the new Chris Rock comedy that I wanted to see, and that we would go to a new action film with the Rock instead. I told him that I didn’t like violent movies, but he said that I could shut my eyes during the bloody parts. Only because it was a first date did I let him have his way. Finally, he was abrupt. After the movie, rather than suggesting a hamburger or a drink, he drove right out to a back road near Oakcrest High School and started making out with me. What he did a half hour later angered me most of all. He cut his finger on my earring and immediately said we had to go right home. He was afraid the scratch would get infected if he didn’t put Bactine and a Band-Aid on it. When he dropped me off, I said “Good-bye Tony,” in a friendly enough way, but in my head I thought, “Goodbye forever, Tony.”

I have decided not to go out with Tony anymore. First of all, he was late for our first date. He said that he would be at my house by 8:30, but he did not arrive until 9:20. Second, he was bossy. He told me that it would be too late to go to the new Chris Rock comedy that I wanted to see, and that we would go to a new action film with the Rock instead. I told him that I didn’t like violent movies, but he said that I could shut my eyes during the bloody parts. Only because it was a first date did I let him have his way. Finally, he was abrupt. After the movie, rather than suggesting a hamburger or a drink, he drove right out to a back road near Oakcrest High School and started making out with me. What he did a half hour later angered me most of all. He cut his finger on my earring and immediately said we had to go right home. He was afraid the scratch would get infected if he didn’t put Bactine and a Band-Aid on it. When he dropped me off, I said “Good-bye Tony,” in a friendly enough way, but in my head I thought, “Goodbye forever, Tony.”

Quick Review of Steps in Writing

1. Make a point

2. Support the point with specific evidence

3. Organize and connect the evidence

4. Write clear, error free sentences

I have decided not to go out with Tony anymore. First of all, he was late for our first date. He said that he would be at my house by 8:30, but he did not arrive until 9:20. Second, he was bossy. He told me that it would be too late to go to the new Chris Rock comedy that I wanted to see, and that we would go to a new action film with the Rock instead. I told him that I didn’t like violent movies, but he said that I could shut my eyes during the bloody parts. Only because it was a first date did I let him have his way. Finally, he was abrupt. After the movie, rather than suggesting a hamburger or a drink, he drove right out to a back road near Oakcrest High School and started making out with me. What he did a half hour later angered me most of all. He cut his finger on my earring and immediately said we had to go right home. He was afraid the scratch would get infected if he didn’t put Bactine and a Band-Aid on it. When he dropped me off, I said “Good-bye Tony,” in a friendly enough way, but in my head I thought, “Goodbye forever, Tony.”

I have decided not to go out with Tony anymore. First of all, he was late for our first date. He said that he would be at my house by 8:30, but he did not arrive until 9:20. Second, he was bossy. He told me that it would be too late to go to the new Chris Rock comedy that I wanted to see, and that we would go to a new action film with the Rock instead. I told him that I didn’t like violent movies, but he said that I could shut my eyes during the bloody parts. Only because it was a first date did I let him have his way. Finally, he was abrupt. After the movie, rather than suggesting a hamburger or a drink, he drove right out to a back road near Oakcrest High School and started making out with me. What he did a half hour later angered me most of all. He cut his finger on my earring and immediately said we had to go right home. He was afraid the scratch would get infected if he didn’t put Bactine and a Band-Aid on it. When he dropped me off, I said “Good-bye Tony,” in a friendly enough way, but in my head I thought, “Goodbye forever, Tony.”

Quick Review of Steps in Writing

1. Make a point

2. Support the point with specific evidence

3. Organize and connect the evidence

4. Write clear, error free sentences

I have decided not to go out with Tony anymore. First of all, he was late for our first date. He said that he would be at my house by 8:30, but he did not arrive until 9:20. Second, he was bossy. He told me that it would be too late to go to the new Chris Rock comedy that I wanted to see, and that we would go to a new action film with the Rock instead. I told him that I didn’t like violent movies, but he said that I could shut my eyes during the bloody parts. Only because it was a first date did I let him have his way. Finally, he was abrupt. After the movie, rather than suggesting a hamburger or a drink, he drove right out to a back road near Oakcrest High School and started making out with me. What he did a half hour later angered me most of all. He cut his finger on my earring and immediately said we had to go right home. He was afraid the scratch would get infected if he didn’t put Bactine and a Band-Aid on it. When he dropped me off, I said “Good-bye Tony,” in a friendly enough way, but in my head I thought, “Goodbye forever, Tony.”

Organizing and Connecting Evidence

Even if you

– make a clear point, and

– support that point with specific evidence,

you must still decide how to

– order the support, and

– connect the support.

Organizing Evidence

The two main ways of organizing evidence are• time order (Example, p. 84)

– the supporting evidence is organized by the order events happen in

• emphatic order (Example, p. 85)

– the supporting evidence is organized from least important to most important [“save the best for last”]

Connecting Evidence

Important tools for organizing and connecting your evidence are transitions.

Transitions are words that • help the reader follow the writer’s thoughts,

and• show the relationship between ideas

Ex: First, second, moreover, most importantly

Organizing and Connecting Evidence

• What type of order does the writer of “Good-bye Tony” use to connect her support?

I have decided not to go out with Tony anymore. First of all, he was late for our first date. He said that he would be at my house by 8:30, but he did not arrive until 9:20. Second, he was bossy. He told me that it would be too late to go to the new Chris Rock comedy that I wanted to see, and that we would go to a new action film with the Rock instead. I told him that I didn’t like violent movies, but he said that I could shut my eyes during the bloody parts. Only because it was a first date did I let him have his way. Finally, he was abrupt. After the movie, rather than suggesting a hamburger or a drink, he drove right out to a back road near Oakcrest High School and started making out with me. What he did a half hour later angered me most of all. He cut his finger on my earring and immediately said we had to go right home. He was afraid the scratch would get infected if he didn’t put Bactine and a Band-Aid on it. When he dropped me off, I said “Good-bye Tony,” in a friendly enough way, but in my head I thought, “Goodbye forever, Tony.”

Activity 1, p. 88

• Do numbers 1 (addition) and 2 (time). • Fill in each blank with the appropriate

transition word.

• If you finish these activities and other students are still working read p. 92-93 and do Activity 3. Answers will be posted online.

Activity 1, p. 88

1. one, another, finally2. First, next, before, After, then

Do numbers 3 and 4 for practice (at home). Answers will be posted online later in the week.

Sample Paragraphs, p. 143-144

• Paragraph A – “Pantry Helper”

This paragraph is an example of a paragraph that has a point and lots of support, but that has no clear structure.

Quick Review of Steps in Writing

1. Make a point

2. Support the point with specific evidence

3. Organize and connect the evidence

4. Write clear, error free sentences

Writing Clear, Error Free Sentences

• Turn to p. 145

• What is it like to read this paragraph?

• What are its strengths? What are its weaknesses?

The Four Bases of WritingThe Four Steps In Writing The Four Bases for Evaluating

WritingIf you make one point and stick to it,

your writing will have unity.

If you back up the point with specific evidence,

your writing will have support.

If you organize and connect the specific evidence,

your writing will have coherence.

If you write clear, error free sentences,

your writing will reflect effective sentence skills.

Homework

• Fragments practice (in text and online) – prepare for quiz next Monday on– Subjects and Verbs– Dependent and Independent Clauses– Fragments

• Identifying Sentence Errors, p. 146-147• Read “Exemplification,” p.177-183