- 1. Essential QuestionHow did the U.S.and the U.S.S.R.deal with
increasedtensions in the1950s and 1960s?
2. The Cold War Begins Following World War II, an era of
hightension between the United States andthe Soviet Union emerged.
The United States did not trust theSoviet Union, and as far back as
the1920s had viewed the Soviet Union as apotential threat.
Americans were hostile to the ideas ofcommunism and had at times
feared itsspread into the United States. 3. Cold War Hot Spots,
1945-1962Soviet Union TestsAtomic Bomb, 1949Germany, 1948-1961
Cuban Revolution, 1959Bay of Pigs Invasion, 1961 U.S. begins to
sendCuban Missile Crisis 1962 troops to Vietnam, 1960U.S.
overthrows Iran Prime Minister GuatemalanOverthrown, 1953President,
1954 Korean War, 1950-1953HungarianRevolution, 1956 4. National
Security Act 1947Established the National Security Council
(NSC)Merged the War and Navy departments into the NationalMilitary
Establishment (NME) headed by the secretary ofdefenseRecognized the
US Air Force as an independent servicefrom the ArmyEstablishes the
role of the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) 5. Germany Divided
into 4 sectors followingWW II Western allies soon merged 3
zonesinto 1 West Germany democratic East Germany soviet-style
socialist 6. Germany Berlin Wall 1961, Berlin, the last place
throughwhich Germans could leave EastGermany, was blocked off by
theinfamous Berlin Wall This wall became a symbol of Sovietcontrol
1:06 7. The Marshall Plan Marshall Plan United States sent massive
economicaid (13 billion), to Europeandemocracies to help rebuild
Between 1948 & 1951, the U. S.government sent aid to 17
differentcountries 8. Korea Proxy war, 1950-1953 Both sides were
supported by externalpowers North Korea Soviet Union South Korea
United States Both North and South Korea wereattempting to re-unify
Korea undertheir respective governments. 9. Iran 1951, Dr. Mohammed
Mossadegh was elected prime minister. Mossadegh became enormously
popular in Iran after he nationalized Irans oil reserves. In
response, Britain embargoed Iranian oil and, amidst Cold War fears,
invited the United States toDr. Mohammad Mossadegh join in a plot
to depose Mossadegh. 10. Iran 1953, President Eisenhowerauthorized
Operation Ajax. The operation was successful, andMossadegh was
arrested on 19 August1953. U.S. replaced Mossadegh withGeneral
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 3:50 Rule became increasingly autocratic.
With American support, the Shahwas able to rapidly modernizeIranian
infrastructure, but hesimultaneously crushed all formsof political
opposition with hisintelligence agency. 11. Vietnam 1954, war to
gain independencefrom France Split into North and South bytreaty
Supposed to hold elections to reunitecountry North was Communist,
South wasdictatorship Elections didnt happen and Northattacked
south U.S. supported South Golf of Tonkin - 1964 Anti-War movements
in U.S. 1975 Vietnam is united underCommunist government 12.
Guatemala 1954, a freely electedGuatemalan leader, JacoboArbenz, is
overthrown in a couporchestrated by the U.S. CentralIntelligence
Agency (CIA).2:03 13. Hungary Following the fall of NaziGermany,
Soviet troops occupied all ofthe country and through their
influenceHungary gradually became a communist 2:02 satellite state
of the Soviet Union. The communist rule was nearlyunbearable for
Hungarys war-torncitizens. 1956, Hungarian Revolution. The Soviets
retaliated massively withmilitary force, sending in over
150,000troops and 2,500 tanks. 14. CubaFidel Castro leads
successful revolution,1959Bay of Pigs InvasionAttempt by U.S.
trained force of Cuban exiles to invade south-westCuba and
overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro.Planned & funded
by U.S. government.The Cuban military defeated the invading force
in a matter of daysand the event accelerated a rapid deterioration
in Cuban-Americanrelations. 15. Cuba Cuban Missile CrisisU-2 spy
plane discovers Sovietmedium-range ballistic missilesin CubaU-2
reconnaissance photograph of Sovietnuclear missiles in Cuba. Shown
are thetransports and tents for fueling andmaintenance. 16. Other
Threats Atomic Bomb U.S. - 1945 Soviet Union - 1949 Thought of
Deterrence Arms Race Develop more Nuclear weapons thanthe other guy
Space Race Soviets first in space Sputnik I October 4, 1957
Americans first on the moon Apollo 11 July 21, 1969
