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Ecological Relationships
How do biotic factors
influence each other?
http://www.cs.umbc.edu/courses/undergraduate/201/fall06/projects/p1/fox-rabbit.jpg
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Ecological Relationships
Biodiversity = the number of species in an
ecosystem
http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/about/environment/faqs/biodiversity.jpg
Territory = space claimed by an
individual organism
Ecological Equilibrium = state of
“balance” in an ecosystem
Ecological Relationships
• NICHE - Role of organism in the ecosystem (job)
• NICHE DIVERSITY – Number of niches in an ecosystem; often determined by abiotic factors
A niche is the sum of all
activities and relationships a species has
while obtaining and
using resources needed to
survive and reproduceAbiotic = non-living
Competition:• When species or
individuals “fight” for the same resources.– E.g., Food, shelter….
• KEYSTONE PREDATOR/SPECIES -
A predator that causes a large increase in diversity of its habitat.
The “fight” may be indirect … individuals may never
directly contact each other.
Two species with Two species with similar needs for similar needs for
same limited same limited resources cannot resources cannot
coexist.coexist.
http://www.butler.edu/herbarium/prairie/prairie42004.jpg
Losing a keystone species usually disrupts many
ecological relationships.
Herbivory:
• A primary consumer feeds on a producer.
A fruit bat eating a papaya
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A woodchuck eating wild clover
Predation:
• A consumer feeds on another consumer.
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A lion eating zebra.
An eagle eating halibut.http
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Symbiosis:
• A long-term relationship where two species live closely together and at least one benefits directly from the relationship.
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Mutualism:
• Both organisms benefit from the relationship.
• Win-Win situation!
http://tumi-educational-resources.org/Educational%20%20Videos.htm
http://tumi-educational-resources.org/Educational%20%20Videos.htm
Commensalism
• One organism benefits, the other one is unaffected.
• Win-Neutral relationship
Parasitism
• One organism benefits, the other one is harmed!
• Win-Lose relationship
• Parasites rarely kill their hosts…it would require them to get another one!
