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TOPIC IMPACT OF SOCIAL, ECONOMICAL, POLITICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES ON EDUCATION
CURRENT TRENDS & ISSUES IN EDUCATION
EDUCATION
“Education is the natural, harmonious and progressive development of man’s innate powers”.
According to JOHANN HEINRICH PESTALOZZI,
“Education is the development of all those capacities in the individual which will enable him to control his environment and fulfill his possibilities.”
According to JOHN DEWEY,
“Education is the all round drawing out of the best in child and man – Body, Mind and Spirit”.
According to MAHATMA GANDHI,
IMPACT OF SOCIAL CHANGES ON EDUCATION
Education and social change
Education as a instrument of social change
Education as an effect of social change
Education initiates the social change and gives them direction and purpose.
Education creates the social reformers and leaders who consciously make all the efforts to bring about social changes.
Education determines the nature of social changes, which ought to be brought about.
Education prepares the individual for social changes. It brings a change in the need – dispositions and also frustrations with the status.
Relationship between education and social change
“Education and social change is a two-way traffic. While education provides, transmits and disseminates the whole culture. Social change is the instrument and pre-condition of
educational thought”.
According to V R TANEJA
Civilization change
Cultural change
Change in social relationship
Types of social changes
Two-Fold Problem of Education in Relation to Social Change
Does this change take place in society stand for progress?
Is it in right direction?
1. Adjustment to the change in situation
2. creation of new order or education for social progress
Conservation of social heritage and culture
Progress of civilization
Dewey says’ “ by various agencies unintentional and designed, a society transforms uninitiated and seemingly alien beings into robust trustee of its own recourses and ideals. Education is thus a fostering, venturing and cultivating process. All of these words means that implies attention to the condition to the growth”.
Simplifying and ordering the environment
Purifying and idealizing environment
Wider and better balance environment
Schools as miniature communities
Educational Implications of Education as a Social Function
Present education needs
Five new linkagesPast with the living present existing realities
Urban elite and rural people through education opportunities
Youth need a close-up sense of belonging and fuller involvement with society
Science and spiritual impulse
World of formal education
English of instruction and social change
English medium school and social change.
Education and Social Change in India
Economic conditions, economic policies and economic system are the important factors that constitute educational environment.
Collaboration with foreign universities exchange of students and faculty members from one county to another country.
Trends in domestic trade, export, inflation, money supply, foreign exchange reserved growth of industry, agriculture and services sector determine status of education.
Loans for higher studies and educational institutions
Economic changes
Funding for education
Investment in education
Strategies for resources mobilization
Economic factors and education
Consultancy
Research and development services
Short term specialized courses
Technology transfer
Running continuing education courses on commercial basis
Developing workshops as training cum production centers
Corpus fund
Utilizations of available resources by industries
Strategies for resources mobilization
Government policies in education are based on prevailing environment.
Dual degree course, job oriented courses, vocational courses, short term courses relating to information technology
Uniform curriculum
Uniformity of conducting exams
Financial support
Political changes
Political environment
Sarva Shiksha AbhiyanNational Policy on Education
District Primary Education ProgramMid-Day Meal Scheme
Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana
It is recently introduced in selected school in India. The primary objective of this program is to provide required infrastructure in schools for providing basic education to children.
Increasing enrolment rate
Reducing drop out.
Sarva shiksha abhiyan
Streamlining higher secondary education
Centralized admission for professional education
Medium of instruction
Reservation policy
National policy on education
Educational Technology
B C MathisEducation technology refers to the development of set systemic
methods, practical knowledge for the designing, operating and testing in schools.
Deceoco
Education technology is in the form of detailed application of the psychology of learning to practical teaching problems.
It is the application of scientific principles of education.
it lays stress on development of methods and techniques for effective teaching.
It stresses the organization of learning situations for effective realization of the goals of education.
It emphasizes the designing and measuring instruments for testing learning outcomes.
Involves input ,output and process aspect of education.
Nature &characteristics of educational technology
It is not confined to the use of electronic media in education, it includes system approach also.
It is important media of communication.
It is not taken a synonym to audio visual aids in education.
It is very comprehensive term and is not to be viewed in terms of its parts or processes.it includes Instructional, Teaching technology, Programmed learning, micro teaching and system analysis.
Nature &characteristics c0nti.....
Hillard Jason has started the following major objectives of educational technology.
1. Transmitting information
2. Serving as role
3. Assisting the practice of specific skills
4. Contributing to the provision of feed back
General objectives of educational technology
1. The need to reach more students.
2. To reach them with an improved range of learning materials.
3. To offer greater opportunities for independent study.
4. To permit at least a limited student response.
Mackenzie and others describe following four
main objectives of educational technology
1. Identification of educational needs and asirations of the community
2. Determination of the aims of education, broad strategies and structure of education
3. Developing a suitable curriculum with interaction of arts, human values and sciences.
4. Identification of material resources and strategies for the desired aims of education
5. Developing certain models leading to improvement in the process of teaching learning.
macro-level objectives of educational technology
6.Identification of major constraints in the environment and the ways and means of tackling them.
7.Assisting in extending vocational opportunities to masses especially neglected sector of society./
8.Managing the entire educational system covering planning, implementation and evaluation phases
macro-level objectives of educational technology (conti…)
Identifying and analyzing the characteristics and educational needs of the students
Determining the specific classroom objectives and starting them in behavioral terms
Analyzing the contents of instruction and organizing them in proper sequence.
Identifying the nature of the interaction of the sub-systems like students performance or change in behavior.
Identifying the available teaching-learning materials and resources.
Macro-level objectives of educational technology
Evaluating the effectiveness of the class room teaching in terms of the students performance or change in behavior.
Providing appropriate feed back to the students as well as teachers to bring modification in the teaching learning process.
Macro-level objectives of educational technology(conti….)
1. Technology related to general educational administration and management.
2. Technology related to general educational testing
3. Technology related to the instructional process.
Scope of educational technology
Mackenic and others(1980)classify the devices on basic of information resources.
1. Television, language laboratory and other audio-visual resources.
2. Feedback devices including machines.
3. Reprographic equipment like computers‘ and programmed learning material.
Percival and Ellington(1984)classify techniques.
1. Mass instructional techniques
2. Induvidized instructional techniques.
Classification of educational technology
Identification of educational goals and objectives of the community.
Developing appropriate curriculum for the achievement of stipulated goals.
Developing suitable teaching learning materials
Analyzing the process of teaching learning materials.
Selecting and developing proper teaching learning strategies for obtaining optimum results.
Developing and selecting appropriate audio-visual aids
Functions of educational technology
Utilizing effectively the hardware and software media.
Providing essential feed back and control through evaluation.
Preparing teacher s in the new technology of teaching.
Functions(conti…..)
1. Individualized instruction
2. Meeting the problem of mass education
3. Equalizing educational opportunity
4. Providing continuing education
Contribution of educational Improvement in quality of teaching
technology
Technological changes
Artificial intelligence
CD-ROM
Dial Access
Teleconferencing or Interactive television
Telelecture
Teletutorial
Teleseminar
Internet
Wireless class room microphones
Interactive white boards
Video conferencing
Current trends in education
Paedocentric
Teachers Role
Activity centered
Creative education
Community participation
More reliance on technology
Increase acceptance of non-formal type of education
Restructuring traditional program
Increase opportunity for higher studies
Methods of appraisal
Innovation in teaching and learning
Educational quality assurance
Emergence of individual as a teaching unit
Commercialization of education and presence of foreign universities
The teaching and learning process is largely directed by the nature and needs of learner
The basic shift in emphasis from the subject of instruction to nature &needs of learner is based on math etic principle.
Math tics is the science of behavior of pupil undergoing the process of learning.
Educationist like Rousseay ,Petalozzi ,John dewey and others have contributed to the development of child centered education.
Participatory approach of teaching.
Paedocentric
Instructional activities with the realization of specific and clear cut the learning outcomes has inevitably to a reassessment.
The model of teacher as the pivotal and dominate figure in education, presenting a variety of information to pupils has practically disappeared.
Dictator to friend.
To prepare student for learning by enabling them to actively participate in teaching learning process rather than simply spoon feeding.
Creation of environment.
Teachers role
Current issues in education
Discipline and security
Bilingual education
Mainstreaming
Unemployment
Poverty
Trends and Issues in Indian Education
Elementary education
Non-formal education
Universalization of primary education
Mahila-Samakhya
Vocational education
Integrated education for disabled children's
Navodaya Vidyalaya
Kendriya Vidhyalaya
University grand commission
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Free and compulsory education of satisfactory quality should be provided to all children up to age of 14 yrs.
Target ; 1) Universal Access
2) Universal Retention
3) Universal Achievement
Strategies:
1. Creating parental awareness and community mobilization
2. Involvement of communities
3. Economic incentives
4. Improvement in the content and process of schooling
5. District primary education program me.
6. National program me of nutritional support.
Elementary education
The government of India , Department of education running since 1979-1980, a program me of NFE for children of age group who remain out side the formal system due to various reasons.
Focus of scheme is only educationally backwards status .
It also covers urban slums, tribal, desert areas.
Non formal education
Education for women's quality
Creating an environment for women to seek knowledge and information with a view to bringing about a change in their perception about themselves and society.
Mahila samakhya(1989)
Thank you
