Emerging trends in librarianship

H Anil Kumar

Librarian, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad

November 22, 2014

Outline

Why Libraries?

What about the Ecosystem?

What role do the libraries play?

What are the important issues for libraries today?

What are the trends that play out for libraries?

Society

Government

Institutions

Scholarship

Publishing

Peer review

Information

Data

Technology

Knowledge

Education

Talent

OPEN ECOSYSTEM

WHY?

Education

Libraries

http://onicra.com/intranet/2013/Onicra-Pulse-Jan-2013-Quality-of-Education-In-India-v2.html

India Skills Report 2014 by People Strong, Wheebox and CII

Government Initiatives in Education • Improve Access

– More institutions – Improve infrastructure – E-learning – Improve GER

• Improve quality – Entry - admissions – Experience

• Design - curriculum • Delivery – pedagogy • Choice based credits • Teacher training • Learning materials

– Evaluation • Learning focus • Application orientation • Grades vs marks

http://www.aicte-india.org/stinstitutes.php

Beyond schooling: Private tuition

• Potential – Market is $2 billion a year in India – Annual growth rate 20% (ET 28.1) – E-tutorial market pegged at Rs 3,500 crores by 2015 – 40% CAGR from Rs. 1,200 crores

presently: ASSOCHAM • 40 per cent of parents - Rs 80,000 to Rs 1 lakh annually - tuition fee

• Facts – CAT 2 lakhs for 1700 IIM seats – All India dental / medical – 2 lakhs for 2500 seats – IIT JEE – 4 lakhs for 7000 seats (FE 28.1)

• Private coaching – money spent (NSS) – Rs. 3485 West Bengal – Rs. 3318 Gujarat – Rs. 3273 Maharashtra – Rs. 2604 Karnataka – Rs. 2593 Delhi

http://www.thenational.ae/business/technology/lack-of-demand-and-poor-quality-blamed-for-decline-in-enrolment-in-indias-engineering-colleges

Resources 20% Environment 20% Connectivity 20% Output 40%

http://www.openuped.eu/

https://www.edx.org/

https://www.coursera.org/

Hole in the wall

Self-Organized Learning Environments (SOLEs)

Technology Advantages

• Learn at your own pace and interest

• Supplement learning in the classroom

• Less dependency on formal support

• Explore new ways of learning

• Variety and wide range of topics

Learning and education

• Formal methods – Classroom training – Laboratory training – On the job or apprenticeship

• Non-formal methods – Self-study and Reading – Watching, seeing and trying

• Sources – Institutes / schools / industries / employers – Libraries and laboratories – Internet

Libraries

Why go beyond formal methods?

• The 95 Percent Solution: School is not where most Americans learn most of their science by John H. Falk and Lynn D. Dierking

• Recent findings challenge the longstanding belief that the place for science knowledge acquisition is the classroom.

• International comparisons of trends in science knowledge over lifetimes suggests that much if not most science knowledge is acquired outside of school.

American Scientist: v. 98 (Nov-Dec), 2010

• The prison industry needs to plan its future growth –

how many cells are they going to need? How many prisoners are there going to be, 15 years from now?

• And they found they could predict

it very easily, using a pretty simple algorithm, based on asking what percentage of 10 and 11-year-olds couldn't read. And certainly couldn't read for pleasure.

• Well-meaning adults can easily destroy a child's love of reading: stop them reading what they

enjoy, or give them worthy-but-dull books that you like, the 21st-century

equivalents of Victorian "improving" literature. You'll wind up with a generation convinced that reading is uncool and worse, unpleasant.

• China in 2007, at the first party-approved science fiction and fantasy convention in Chinese history.

• It's simple, he told me. The Chinese were brilliant at making things if other people brought them

the plans. But they did not innovate and they did not invent. They did not imagine. So they sent a delegation to the US, to

Apple, to Microsoft, to Google, and they asked the people there who were inventing the future about themselves.

• And they found that all of them had read science fiction when they were boys or girls.

Universities, ours and theirs

Krishna Kumar (in The Hindu, August 9, 2012)

• Recruitment of faculty

• Concept of teaching (periods)

• Concept of knowledge – research

• Library

• The fourth critical difference lies in the library. In the West, even in the most ordinary universities, the library forms the centre of life, both for teachers and students. Librarians enjoy a high status as their contribution to academic life cuts across academic disciplines…..

www.libraryasincubatorproject.org

• Librarians versus Search Engines • Discoverability versus Availability • Access versus Control

Indian Express, Aug 24, 2014

Libraries

Users

• Students

• Faculty

• Others

Collection

• Physical

• Digital

Staff

• Professional

• Others

Services

• Physical

• Digital

• Collection

• Space

• Accessibility Physical

• Content

• Design: User friendly

• Least restrictions Digital

Understanding the trends

USERS

Technology

Collection Staff

Libraries Internal and External sources

• Student Projects • Syllabus and course design • Technical Notes • Course Materials • Student made

Tools/Materials • News Paper Clippings

(Jobs/Courses) • Question papers

• Commercial – Books – Videos / CDs – Online resources

• Open Access – Books – Journals – Educational Videos – Educational courseware

Tech

no

logi

es in

Lib

rari

es Library Automation

Proprietary to OSS

Storage

Devices to Cloud

Identification

Barcode, Tattle-tape, RFID, Biometric, etc

Information Capture

Key board, Scanner, Digital Cameras, Mobiles

Network

Client-server, P2P, Internet, Cloud

Databases

Books, articles, reports, aggregators, publishers, Irs

Integration and Management

Catalogs, IRs, Multimedia, Datasets, Archives, etc

Technologies in Libraries

• User Focus – need not worry where the information is located – Anytime-Anywhere, Device independence – Less human interface (RFID) – Customised and profile based display, search, update, etc

• Usage statistics – walk-ins, usage, downloads, ROI

• Retrieval Convenience

– Seamless integration of various sources/formats – Remote login / VPN – Simple OPAC to Federated searches to Discovery

Discovery service

• Single search – interface - Integrated approach

• Central index - Subscribed content - Connectors

• Open Access Resources

• Enhanced refinements like facets, topics, geographies, formats, etc

• Display of integrated results – relevancy, date, etc

• Fast response time

http://www.infotoday.com/cilmag/apr12/Hoeppner-Web-Scale-Discovery-Services.shtml

http://www.librarytechnology.org/discovery.pl

• AquaBrowser – Proquest

• Axiell Arena

• Biblio Commons

• Blacklight (OSS)– Columbia, Cornell, etc

• Chamo – VTLS (III)

• Encore – Innovative Interfaces Inc.

• Enterprise – SirsiDynix

• Iguana – Infor

• VUFind (OSS) – Villanova University

• EBSCO’s Discovery Service (EDS)

• Ex Libris Ltd.’s Primo Central Index (PCI)

• Serials Solutions’ Summon (SSS)

• OCLC’s WorldCat Local (WCL)

Criteria

• Trial and costs • Actual discovery - search • Strength of the Central

Index • Content connectors • Content neutrality vs

convenience • Integration with ILMS,

Union Catalogue, IR, etc • Search Features and user

customisation • Advanced search

• Web 2.0 • Subject guides • Local customisation like

market research reports, videos, etc

• Branding the library • Next gen features like Mobile • Opinion / experience of

fellow professionals • Of course the support and

delivery!

• https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=UKSG+2014+Plenary+4

• http://2013charlestonconference.sched.org/event/303dfa600e13ba7c339e2461f127a667#.VBq_GhY0-OZ

ww

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• Report & Statistics

– Socio Economic, country, industry and company related statistics and reports

– These resources are basically providing time series data and some are providing company, industry and country specific information, research reports, market analysis and data. Ex: Prowess, Marketline, Euromonitor, etc.

• Scholarly

– Full Text: These resources includes peer reviewed full text journal articles, books & book chapters, reference material, working papers, etc. Ex: EBSCO, Wiley InterSciences, eBrary, Sage research methods Online, Encyclopedia Britannica, etc

– Bibliographic: It provides bibliographic information of the published materials like. Ex: Web of science, SCOPUS, etc.

• Other Resources

– Legal, Institutional like World Bank, IMF data, etc.

Type of E-resource

1. Product identification (User / Library)

2. Product study

3. Product demo

4. Recommendations

5. Trial activation

6. Feedback

7. Library Evaluation and initial negotiation

8. Licensing issues

9. Approval

10. Final Negotiation

11. Acquisition

12. Licensing signing

13. Activation, Orientation & Training

14. Usage and evaluation

15. Annual Review by Library Committee

16. Renewal / cancellation

E-resource Management Cycle

Proposal/Recommendation

• Faculty/ students recommended – databases or eResources which they have used in their research and teaching

• Librarian Proposed – Vendors send eResource product information to the libraries

Trial, feedback & Evaluation

• Discovering more information about the

product like, what type of data and information they offer

• Trial activation

• Announcing in the community and asking for feedback (If vendor proposed)

• Evaluation and Overlap Analysis, perpetuity, archival access, etc.

Some points to be checked…

• It should fulfill the academic and research needs

• Content should be sourced from the authentic sources

• Coverage of the content, subject and periodic updating

• No overlapped data

• User-friendly, IP based 24/7 accesses, ease in download in formats like, .csv, .pdf., MS Word, etc.

• Integration with Discovery or KOHA catalog

• Provides usage statistics (Counter compliant)

• Cost effective, Remote access

• Post installation/activation services like staff training, users training

Approval from Committee

After getting feedback from the community and overlap analysis, the product should be presented to the library committee for approval with its salient features, scope and cost

Final Negotiation

• Cost

– Comparing similar product in the market (at times same products have been

purchased at different rates)

• Content – More titles, backfiles, perpetual access, coupons

• Access – simultaneous users

Acquisition

• The Indian Publishers/vendors – Indian Currency – application of service tax and TDS

– Foreign Currency – which conversion rate to follow, GOC, RBI, Nationalized bank TT selling rate?

• Foreign Publishers/vendors – Invoice and application of service tax, PAN & Tax residency, ABA routing No, IBN, etc.

Most sensitive part- Licensing

Points to be taken care when contact signed…… • Authorized users

• Perpetual/Archival access, 3rd party archiving service

• Confidentiality

• Price change period

• Clarity about platform fee, hosting fee

• Inter-library loan rights

• Usage Statistics

• Print, copy share rights

• Off campus access of the content

• Swapping of journals in case of eJournals

• Governing law, etc.

• Transfer/discontinue of the content

IIMA License agreement Checklist

Vikram Sarabhai Library: IIMA License Agreement Checklist Database Name : Date: Period :

Sr. No Points Covers Yes / No

Page & Para No.

Remarks

1 Agreement effective period

2 Authorized use of the product in Course packs \ Other educational materials

3 Authorized users ( Include walk-in user or not)

4 Database Access Stopped Compensation (Technical Problem, etc.)

5 Discontinue notification period

6 Electronic Reserve (Save the documents to the Personal devices)

7 Governing Law, Jurisdiction limit (case file) with in India

8 Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) terms & conditions

9 Inter-library loan (ILL)

10 IP Range Access / No. of user range

11 Perpetual Access / Backfile Access

12 Platform Fees/Hosting Fees

13 Price Increase Cap (In subsequent years)

14 Remote access permission

15 The “Licensee” must be Librarian / Institute

16 Updation of databases

17 User statistics (incl. admin login authorization) / Usage Data Reports

18 Journals Swapping Term & Condition

Activation

• Activation

• Server based/ accessible through LAN

• Like; CMIE Prowess, Thomson Eikon

• Some of them are single users access like DataStream, District GDP of India, etc.

• Online/ IP based access

• campus wide access of the databases like eJournals and others like Marketline, Euromonitor, etc.

• Scholarly databases are not very difficult to understand and need some orientation only

• Statistical database and allied tools needs proper training to use, Like CMIE Prowess, Grammarly, etc.

• Webex/Webinar: Vendors/publishers organize Webex for orientation and training or to handle specific queries, Webinars are generally preplanned and, they sent alert to the members to attend, one can register and take a tour.

• The resource persons are library staff and or product experts

Orientation and training

Usage and evaluation

• E journals/E books

– Counter compliant Usage data, Full text down load, Abstract view, Search, Access denied report, etc.

• Statistics & Reports – No. of logins, downloads, visits or access time of particular IPs

(Provided by the vendor or publishers)

• Offline Database – Difficult to count the usage

• Usage and per download cost Total cost of the Database/Total downloads or Usage

• Comparison with other eResources

• Comparing with usage of the past years

• Evaluating the usage

Usage and evaluation

VSL Database Usage

VSL eJournals Usage

Year Searches Total Full

Text PDF Full

Text HTML Full

Text Image/Video Abstract

Smart Link To

Custom Link

2014 6284040 38067 34039 3888 6 53761 3220 9869

2013 6166874 48682 43728 4393 6 61058 3234 11467

2012 2288229 46099 40439 4955 7 59474 2125 7065

Total 14739140 132848 118206 13236 19 174293 8579 28401

Committee Perusal

• Average usage data and Download cost

• Reviewing usage and future needs

• If necessary proposal for optional product

• Deciding to ask community for discontinuation / renewal

Renewal- Cancellation- Replacement

• Renewal: If the usage is higher the resource would be

renewed again.

• Cancellation: If the usage is low, the data is of no use and

if the optional resources is available at very lower cost.

• Replacement: if the optional product is available in the

market with lower cost and more features, one should review it and replace with the existing one.

New

Pro

jects

https://erm.library.nd.edu/

http://ckan.org/

Other key Issues and opportunities

• Staff • Research Assistance, Database mining, IL, etc

• Resource / product understanding: Mass to Niche - Skills to knowledge: Referral to reference

• Professional managers

• Information Literacy and Usage

• IR and Archiving; Long Tail; Legal Issues

• Lib 2.0 and User participation

• Outsourcing – IT: ILS, Hardware, Software - SaaS to PaaS to IaaS

– Manpower

• Routine jobs

• IT staff

• Ownership to Access and Closed to Open Systems

• RESEARCH!

Why research? Do we need Libraries?

We need to build our own knowledge base on librarianship

Convince the decision makers on the need for libraries

Discover connections to learning and education

Better manage our services

Drive new theory development

Study and develop benchmarks or best practices

Develop our own metrics

ROI and growth

Lobby and evidence

What to research?

Ou

tco

mes

Asp

ects

Focu

s Understand local and global perspectives

Relevance of libraries

Use of libraries

Technology

Services

Legal aspects

Governance and ROI

Management

of Resources

• Collection

• Finance

• Staff

• Space

• Committee

• Users

• Technology

Some topics

• ROI and value studies

• User surveys

• Purchase processes – discounts, total cost of purchase, time taken, foreign editions vs Indian editions, exchange rates and its impact on spending

• Spending surveys of libraries – patterns and trends

• Who reads what?

• Who uses the library and why?

• HR issues like comparison with other states, ratio of salary to library budget (comparisons), etc

Tips Planning is important but implementation is the difficult part

Literature survey is the Key

Referencing is very important

Style and finishing varies from journal to journal

Time taken also varies from weeks to months

Research should your differentiator and is the only contribution that stays beyond you!

For Libraries …

• Education is the central theme • Education is moving from

– information sharing to learning – Teacher to learner

• We have to shift from supporting to partnering roles and facilitate: – Reading – Discussion – Incubation – Connecting

• Safe, Social and Learning spaces

http://www.fodors.com/news/photos/worlds-20-most-stunning-libraries

http://www.buzzfeed.com/harpercollins/16-bookstores-you-have-to-see-before-you-die-9npd

THANKS anilkumar@iimahd.ernet.in