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Odyssey X

ENGL220 Odyssey Books X-XIV

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Page 1: ENGL220 Odyssey Books X-XIV

Odyssey X

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They came next to the island of Aeolus, lord of the winds

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Aeolus captured the winds

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Put them in a bag, and gave the bag to Odysseus

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They were almost home, when Odysseus got sleepy and his crew got curious

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They opened the bag, and let loose a storm of wind

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They were blown back to Aeolian Island

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Believing they were cursed by the gods, Aeolus refused further aid

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They sailed to the city of Telepylus on Lamus, land of the Laestrygonians.

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Odysseus hides his ship, and they climb steep cliffs to explore the land

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They meet a young girl

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She takes them to the queen

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King Antiphates shows up

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He begins killing and eating the crew

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Many escape to the beach

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They run for the ships

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The Laestrygonians throw rocks

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Only Odysseus, his ship and its crew, survive

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They sail on to Aeaea

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Odysseus goes off alone and sees a hut

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On his way back to his men, he kills a stag and they all feast

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Eurylochus took 22 men into the woods.

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When they reached Circe’s house, they found many tame animals

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Circe changed men into animals

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She had transformed her husband Picus

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Into a woodpecker

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Daughter of the sun, granddaughter of Oceanus, she was a powerful goddess

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She used a potion.

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And a wave of her wand

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To turn men into beasts.

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Eurylochus watched in hiding while the men became swine

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Eurylochus ran back to the ship and told Odysseus the bad news

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Odysseus vowed to rescue his crew

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Odysseus got some help from Hermes

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Hermes gave him some holy moly, an antidote to Circe’s potion

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Circe welcomed Odysseus and offered him a drink

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He drank, but when she waved her wand he pulled out his sword

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Circe supplicated and asked him to go to bed with her

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Odysseus made Circe swear an oath that she would not harm him.

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She swore, and nookie ensued

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Then a bath and lunch, but Odysseus wouldn’t eat until his men were men again

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So she changed the pigs back into men, younger and stronger than before.

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Odysseus and his men stayed with Circe for a year

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Odysseus told Circe it was time for him to head home

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Circe told Odysseus he would not get home unless he first went to the Underworld and talked to Tiresias

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The last night of partying at Circe’s, Elpenor got drunk, fell off the roof, and died.

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Odysseus and his men sailed to the land of Hades

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Refer to the map on the previous slide for the locations of these events.

1. Troy: After 10 years of siege, the Greek forces capture and destroy the city; then they sail for home with their spoils. Homer's version is told in Iliad.

2. Coast of Thrace: Odysseus and his men destroy and plunder Ismarus, city of the Cicones, but are eventually driven away with losses.

3. Lotus-eaters: Blown off course, Odysseus' fleet lands on shores of North Africa or the island of Jerba, possible locations for the drugged natives.

4. Cyclops: Near Naples are the caves of Mt. Posillipo and the Phlegraean Fields; another possible location for Cyclops is Sicily.

5. Aeolus: Ruler of the Winds, he lives on Stromboli, the Aeolian Island. His gift to Odysseus of a leather pouch, which controls the wild winds, allows the fleet to sail in sight of Ithica, when the crew causes disaster.

6. Laestrygonians: Cape Bonifacio is at the south coast of Corsica, where a race of giants destroy all of the fleet and men except for Odysseus' boat and crew.

7. Circe: This beautiful, sinister goddess lives on the island of Aeaea, now associated with Monte Circeo. With her magic, she enslaves men by turning them into animals. She tells Odysseus that he must enter the Halls of Hades before he can return home.

8. Entrance to the Underworld: Lake Avernus, near Salerno; but Tim Severin interprets the descriptions as resembling locations on the Greek coast. Here Odysseus speaks with the dead and consults the blind prophet Tiresias.

9. Sirens: Isole li Galli in the Gulf of Sorrento are known as the Islands of the Sirens, where Odysseus is tied to the mast of his ship so he can listen to their deadly songs.

10. Scylla & Charybdis: The Straits of Messina contain the narrows where Scylla, monster of the ocean caves, and Charybdis, the whirlpool, challenge passage.

11. Thrinacia: Sicily, island home of the sun-god, Hyperion. Odysseus' remaining crew and boat are destroyed as punishment for killing Hyperion's protected cattle.

12. Calypso: Odysseus is washed up on Calypso's island of Ogygia, present-day Malta. He stays with this tempting goddess 7 years before the Olympian gods relent and let him resume his journey home.

13. Phaecians: Their secluded island, Scheria, is present-day Corfu. These magical sailors escort Odysseus home, after he tells his story.

14. Ithaca: Island home to which Odysseus returns after 20 years away from his faithful wife, Penelope, and son, Telemachus.

15. Pylos: Home of King Nestor, with whom Telemachus consults.16. Sparta: Land of King Menelaus, whose wife, Helen, is at the center of the conflict causing the 10-year war with Troy.17. Mycenae: Land of Agamemnon, king of the Achaeans, brother of Menelaus. He was a major leader in the war

against Troy.18. Knossos: On present-day Crete, home of legendary King Minos whose vast constructions let to the legend of the

Labyrinth.

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The Odyssey

Book XI

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Odysseus and his men sail to Hades

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Odysseus enters the underworld

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He drinks the blood

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Elpinor requests a proper burial

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He consults with Tiresias

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The ghosts drink blood so they may speak

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Odysseus meets his mother

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The ghosts of dead Trojan warriors

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Odysseus speaks to Agamemnon

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And Achilles

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He sails back to Circe’s Island

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BOOK XII

THE ODYSSEY

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Elpinor is properly buried

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Circe provides a feast

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Circe gives Odysseus advice

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She warns him about the sirens

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Scylla and Charybdis

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And above all, she tells him, do not molest the cattle of the sun

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At dawn, Odysseus and his men set sail

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Odysseus plugs the ears of his men with wax, and has them tie him to the mast

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The sirens call to Odysseus

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They tempt him with knowledge

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Odysseus struggles, but his bindings hold

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They sail away from the dangerous sirens

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Odysseus orders his men to steer towards Scylla

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In order to avoid the deadly whirlpool of Charybdis

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Scylla’s six heads emerge

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Each head grabs and devours a member of the crew

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Exhausted and demoralized, the men demand to stop and rest on the island of the sun

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Odysseus makes the men promise not to molest the livestock on this island

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But when supplies run out, the men fear starvation and disobey

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They kill the cattle

When the men eat, the meat moves and moos

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Lampetia flies up and complains to the sun

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Helios vows to destroy the ship

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Lightning strikes the ship

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Only Odysseus survives, clinging to the keel

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Odysseus is carried back to Charybdis

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He clings to a fig tree

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As his ship is sucked down…

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Odysseus gets back on his raft, and floats for nine days until he washes up on Calypso’s island

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Odysseus thus ends his tale

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Book XIII

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Alcinous asks each of his guests to donate a tripod and cauldron to Odysseus

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One more day of feast and song

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Next morn, Odysseus wishes Arête a special farewell

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He goes onboard the Phaecian ship

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Nausicaa watches him depart.

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The Phaecian sailors put the sleeping Odysseus and his gifts ashore at Ithaca

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Athena disguises Ithaca

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Athena turns Odysseus into an old beggar

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Athena flies off to get Telemachus

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Book XIV

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Odysseus goes to the hut of the swineherd

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