English verbal tenses in English

ENGLISH VERBAL TENSES

How do we build verbs in English?Which language is more difficult?

Spanish

Presente simple del verbo comer:

Yo comoTú comesEl/ella/eso comeNosotros comemosVosotros coméis Ellos comen

¡6 conjugaciones distintas!

English

Present simple of the verb to eat:

I eatYou eatHe/she/it eatsWe eatYou eatThey eat

Only 2 forms!2Cristina Aranda Barandiain

What about questions and negatives?

Yo comoYo no como

Él bailaÉl no baila

Yo como¿Yo como?

Ella baila¿Ella baila?

PIECE OF CAKE!

I eatI don’t eat

He dancesHe doesn’t dance

I eatDo I eat?

She dancesDoes she dance?

VERY DIFFICULT!3Cristina Aranda Barandiain

CONCLUSIONAFFIRMATIVE:Spanish: 6 different ways of conjugation, 1 o 2 words.English: 1, 2 or 3 ways of conjugation, 1 o 2 words.

NEGATIVE:Spanish: we just add “no”.English: we need an AUXILIARY VERB.

QUESTIONS:Spanish: just some intonation.English: we need an AUXILIARY VERB.

4Cristina Aranda Barandiain

WHAT IS AN AUXILIARY VERB?

Something auxiliary helps us do something.

In this case it’s a verb that helps us build negative sentences and

questions.

We have already said that in Spanish we just need a NO in negative

sentences and some INTONATION in questions.

But in English we need something else, an assistant, AN AUXILARY

VERB.

What are the AUXILIARY VERBS?


And you’ll wonder…

But I learnt that DO is “hacer”,

BE is “ser o estar”

and HAVE is “tener”!


And you are right!

However, apart from meaning SER O ESTAR, TENER y HACER, they can also work as auxiliary verbs.

That means they can have two different roles.

TO DO HACER AUXILIAR (for simple forms)

TO BE SER O ESTAR

AUXILIAR(for continuous forms)

TO HAVE TENER AUXILIAR(for perfect forms)


TO DO HACERI/WE/YOU/THEY DO

HE/SHE/IT DOES

I/WE/YOU/THEY DIDHE/SHE/IT

TO BE SER O ESTAR

I AMHE/SHE/IT ISWE/YOU/THEY ARE

I/HE/SHE/IT WAS

WE/YOU/THEY WERE

TO HAVE TENER

I/WE/YOU/THEY HAVE

HE/SHE/IT HAS

I/WE/YOU/THEY HADHE/SHE/IT

Do you remember the forms of these verbs?

PRESENT PAST


And now that we know what an auxiliary verb is, let’s have a look at the TENSES we have.

PAST PRESENT FUTURE

SPANISH: we have conjugation for the three tenses:

TRABAJÉ TRABAJO TRABAJARÉ

ENGLISH: we have only TWO tenses, present and past:

I WORKED I WORK -(The future tense in English is built with other words (WILL, GOING TO, MIGHT…) that we’ll see soon after this presentation)


As we have said that the future tense is expressed in a special way, we are going to focus on the PRESENT and PAST tenses.

Both the present and the past tenses have got 3 possible ASPECTS:

SIMPLE / CONTINUOUS / PERFECT

PRESENT

SIMPLE

CONTINUOUS

PERFECT

PAST

SIMPLE

CONTINUOUS

PERFECT


To conjugate a verb, we have to focus on the positive form of the verb.

Let’s give an example: TO WORK. How would you build the simple, continuous and perfect forms?


Why is it called simple? Because it’s so simple that it has got only 1 word (in the positive form).

Present simple: I/we/you/they WORK

he/she/it WORKS

Past simple: I/he/she/it/we/you/they WORKED


Why is it called continuous? Because it’s an action that continues for a while.

It has got 2 words: TO BE + ING

Present continuous: I AM WORKING

he/she/it IS WORKING

we/you/they ARE WORKING

Past continuous: I/he/she/it WAS WORKING

we/you/they WERE WORKING


Why is it called perfect? Because we need the auxiliary verb HAVE and, if you HAVE health, love and money, life is PERFECT.

It has got 2 words:

TO HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE (-ED o 3rd column)

Present perfect: I/we/you/they HAVE WORKED

he/she/it HAS WORKED

Past perfect: I/we/you/they HAD WORKED

he/she/it


Let’s recap…

SIMPLE CONTINUOUS PERFECT1 word(I work)

2 words(I am working)

2 words(I have worked)

We said at the beginning of the presentation that we needed an auxiliary verb to build negative sentences and questions and we had three auxiliary verbs (DO, BE, HAVE). Which one goes with each aspect (SIMPLE, CONTINUOUS, PERFECT)?

If we have 1 word in the positive form (SIMPLE), the auxiliary verb is DO (DO/DOES/DID).

If we have 2 words in the positive form and one of them is the verb TO BE (CONTINUOUS), the auxiliary verb is BE (AM/IS/ARE/WAS/WERE).

If we have 2 words in the positive form and one of them is the verb TO HAVE (PERFECT), the auxiliary verb is HAVE (HAVE/HAS/HAD).


Cristina Aranda Barandiain

SIMPLE

CONTINUOUS

PERFECT

Recap activity

1. How many words does a positive simple form have? 1

2. How would you build the positive simple present form of “TO WORK”? I work

3. What auxiliary verb would you use for negative sentences and questions?

DO (do, does, did)

4. How would you say in English “Yo no trabajo”?

I don’t work

5. And the question “¿Tú trabajas?”? Do you work?

6. If we were talking about the past, what auxilary form would you use?

DID (I didn’t work, did you work?)


Recap activity

7. How many words are there in a positive continuous form? 2

8. How would you build the positive present continuous form of TO WORK? I am working

9. What is the auxiliary verb? BE (am, is, are)

10. How would you say “Yo no estoy trabajando”?

I am not working

11. And the question? Are you working?

12. If we were talking about the past, what auxiliary form would you use?

WAS/WERE (I was working, I wasn’t working, were you working?


Recap activity

13. How many words are there in a positive perfect form? 2

14. What is the present perfect form of TO WORK? I have worked

15. What auxiliary verb would you use? HAVE (have, has)

16. How would you say in English “Yo no he trabajado”?

I haven’t worked

17. And the question? Have you worked?

18. If we were talking about the past, what auxiliary form would you use?

HAD (I had worked, I hadn’t worked, had you worked?


PRESENT PAST+ I

YouHe/she/itWe/you/they

IYouHe/she/itWe/you/they

- IYouHe/she/itWe/you/they


? I ? you ? he/she/it ? we/you/they ?

I ? you ? he/she/it ? we/you/they ?

Would you be able to complete this chart with the

verb TO WORK?


PRESENT PAST+ I

workYou workHe/she/it worksWe/you/they work

I workedYou workedHe/she/it workedWe/you/they worked

- I don’t workYou don’t workHe/she/it doesn’t workWe/you/they don’t work

I didn’t workYou didn’t workHe/she/it didn’t workWe/you/they didn’t work

? Do I work?Do you work?Does he/she/it work?Do we/you/they work?

Did I work?Did you work?Did he/she/it work?Did we/you/they work?

SELF-CHECK


PRESENT PAST+ I








PRESENT PAST+ I am

workingYou are workingHe/she/it is workingWe/you/they are working

I was workingYou were workingHe/she/it was workingWe/you/they were working

- I am not workingYou aren’t workingHe/she/it isn’t workingWe/you/they aren’t working

I wasn’t workingYou weren’t workingHe/she/it wasn’t workingWe/you/they weren’t working

? Am I working?Are you working?Is he/she/it working?Are we/you/they working?

Was I working?Were you working?Was he/she/it working?Were we/you/they working?


PRESENT PAST+ I








PRESENT PAST+ I have

workedYou have workedHe/she/it has workedWe/you/they have worked

I had workedYou had workedHe/she/it had workedWe/you/they had worked

- I haven’t workedYou haven’t workedHe/she/it hasn’t workedWe/you/they haven’ t worked

I hadn’t workedYou hadn’t workedHe/she/it hadn’t workedWe/you/they hadn’t worked

? Have I worked?Have you worked?Has he/she/it worked?Have we/you/they worked?

Had I worked?Had you worked?Had he/she/it worked?Had we/you/they worked?


Can I find these expressions?

I don’t doI am beingI have had

Of course! Because DO, BE and HAVE can be both verbs and auxilary verbs.

I don’t do (present simple: yo no hago) I am being (present continuous: estoy siendo)I have had (present perfect; he tenido)


Now that we have seen how to conjugate verbs…

LET’S SEE WHEN TO USE THEM!


LET’S START WITH THE PRESENT TENSES

PRESENT SIMPLEPRESENT CONTINUOUS

PRESENT PERFECT


When is it used? ROUTINES, what we never do, sometimes, once a month, every day…

Key words

ALWAYSUSUALLY/NORMALLYOFTENSOMETIMESRARELY/SELDOM/HARDLY EVERNEVER

These adverbs are placed:- before the verb (I sometimes go)-after TO BE (I am sometimes late)-in the middle of compound forms(I don’t normally drink wine)

100%

0%

Every + day/week/year…

Once a day/week/year…Twice a ...Three times a …Four times a …Five times a …


How do you build it? As it is a simple form, how many words will it have? 1

That word will or won’t have an –S. Who has this –S? HE, SHE, IT

Why? Look at them, the feel so lonely…

But if we give them an –S…

…they are not alone any more and they feel so happy…


Cristina Aranda Barandiain 31

OR

We normally add –S to the verb when the subject is HE, SHE, IT.I cook / he cooksI love / he loves

But when the verb finishes with:

-s, -ss, -z, -sh, -ch, -x

we need to add –es because otherwise it’s impossible to pronounce.

Try to pronounce “washs”… IMPOSSIBLE!But if we add –es, washes, we can pronounce it easily.


¿And what happens if it finishes with… ?

It depends on the letter before –Y…

If there is a vowel before the -y, as in the verb PLAY, we add –S .I play / he plays

If we have a consonant before the –y, as in the verb CRY, we exchange–Y for –IES.I cry / he cries

Now we know how to build a POSITIVE present simple form:

Verb with or without –S

Do you remember what we need to make the negative or interrogative forms?

AN AUXILIARY VERB!

But which one? There is nothing on the positive form!

¡TO DO!

Don’t / Doesn’t for negative

Do / Does for questions

PRESENT+ I

workYou workHe/she/it worksWe/you/they work

- I don’t workYou don’t workHe/she/it doesn’t workWe/you/they don’t work

? Do I work?Do you work?Does he/she/it work?Do we/you/they work?


STATIVE VERBS

They are verbs which normally go in the simple form. Sometimes they can have continuous forms but with a different meaning (I think (opino) their house is fantastic / I’m thinking (estoy planeando) of buying a new house).


1. They _________(go) to the cinema every weekend.

2. He ______________(not cook) spaguetti during the week.

3. I ________normally_______(not shout).

4. My mother and my sister _________(love) shopping.

5. _______you________(live) near your office?

6. Peter ___________(do) his homework in the morning.

7. Ken ____________(think) his teacher is horrible.

8. _________she_________ (work) on Saturdays?

go

doesn’t cook

don’t shout

love

Do live

does

thinks

Does work

Present simple


When is it used? What is happening at the moment of speaking. Also for future events when they are going to happen soon and quite certainly.

Key words

NOWAT THE MOMENTAT PRESENTTHIS WEEKTONIGHTNEXT (WEEK, MONDAY…)


How do we build it? If it’s a continuous form, how many words will it have?

2

What words will they be?BE (AM, IS, ARE) + ING

And as we already have the auxiliary BE in the positive form, how will you build the negative and interrogative forms?

With TO BE: am not, isn’t aren’t and for questions am I? are you? Is he/she/it?

PRESENT+ I am

workingYou are workingHe/she/it is workingWe/you/they are working

- I am not workingYou aren’t workingHe/she/it isn’t workingWe/you/they aren’t working

? Am I working?Are you working?Is he/she/it working?Are we/you/they working?



In the continuous tenses you ALWAYS need to add –ing to the main verb.Work- working

What happens if the verb ends in –Y?You just add -ING.Study – studying

¿What happens with one-syllable verbs finishing inCONSONANT – VOWEL – CONSONANT ?Run: R U NYou duplicate the last consonant:Run – runningCut – cuttingSet – settingPlan – planningHit - hitting

1. I ____________(go) to the cinema this weekend.

2. He ______________(not cook) spaguetti this week.

3. Please, be quiet. I __________(try) to study.

4. My cousins _____________(come) next weekend.

5. _______you________(enjoy) the party?

6. Peter ___________(do) his homework at the moment.

7. Ken ____________(have) pizza tonight.

8. _________she_________ (work) next Saturday?

am going

isn’t cooking

am trying

are coming

Are enjoying

is doing

is having

Is working

Present continuous


Out of the three PRESENT tenses we have (simple, continuous and perfect), we have already seen the simple and continuous forms.

Would you be able to complete this chart comparing them?PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONT

When is it used?

How do you make the positive form?

What auxiliary do they have?

One example with the verb to work

+ You_____________-You _____________-? ____you________?

+ You _____________-You _____________-? ___you_________?

Do you remember any key words?

RoutinesHappening now and in the near future

1 word: verb with or without –s (he, she, it)

2 words: TO BE + ing (I’m working)

DO (do/does) BE (am, is, are)

work

don’t workDo work

are working

aren’t workingAre working

Always, once a week, every day, sometimes…

Now, at the moment, next Saturday, tonight…


1. We ____________(not play) football next Saturday.

2. He ______________(watch) tv in the evening.

3. _______you ___________(believe) in God?

4. My cousin ___________(not read) the newspaper, you can take it.

5. _______you________(stay) in a hotel tonight?

6. Peter never___________(get) up after 9.00.

7. My parents ____________(not work) every day.

8. _________she_________ (work) next Saturday?

aren’t playing

watches

Do believe

isn’t reading

Are staying

gets

don’t work

Is working

Pres.simple/Pres.continuous


We still have the present perfect tense, but we’ll see it after the past tenses.

Let’s focus now on the PAST TENSES

PAST SIMPLEPAST CONTINUOUS

PAST PERFECT


When is it used? To talk about things that happened and finished in the past.

Key words

YESTERDAYLAST + (Monday, week, year, night…)AGO (one month ago, three years ago…)WHEN (When I was a child, when the summer finished…IN + YEAR (in 2000, in 1989…)


How do we build it? If it is a simple tense, how many words will it have?

1How many different forms can we find?

1, the same for all the people. We add –ED to the verb if it is regular or the form of the second column if it is irregular.

As we have just one word in the positive form, what is the auxiliary verb?

The hidden auxiliary: DIDN’T for negatives and DID for questions

PAST+ I

workedYou workedHe/she/it workedWe/you/they worked

- I didn’t workYou didn’t workHe/she/it didn’t workWe/you/they didn’t work

? Did I work?Did you work?Did he/she/it work?Did we/you/they work?


YOU REMEBER THAT FANTASTIC LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS… DON’T YOU?

It was like this one, only a bit longer…


1. I ____________(go) to the cinema last weekend.

2. He ______________(not cook) spaguetti yesterday.

3. In 1800 people __________(not have) computers.

4. My cousins _____________(come) two weeks ago.

5. _______you________(enjoy) the party last Saturday?

6. Peter ___________(do) his homeworkd in the morning.

7. Ken ____________(eat) pizza last night.

8. _________she_________ (live) in Spain when she was a child?

went

didn’t cook

didn’t have

came

Did enjoy

did

ate

Did live

Past simple


When is it used? To describe a scene in the past, especially when it’s interrupted by any other action:

I was reading in the garden when it started to rain.

(description: I was reading in the garden my book for a while; interruption: it started to rain)

Key words WHILE = AS (mientras)


How do we build it? If it’s a continuous tense, how many words will it have?

2How many forms can we find?

2: TO BE in the past has two forms: WAS o WERE and then the verb with-ING.

As we already have the verb TO BE in the verb, what will the auxiliary verb be?

WASN’T o WEREN’T for negatives and WAS or WERE for questions.

PAST+ I was

workingYou were workingHe/she/it was workingWe/you/they were working

- I wasn’t workingYou weren’t workingHe/she/it wasn’t workingWe/you/they weren’t working

? Was I working?Were you working?Was he/she/it working?Were we/you/they working?


1. Yesterday at 20.00 I ______________(do) my homework.

2. I couldn’t open the door because I ___________(have) a shower.

3. What______ you_______(do) when I phoned you yesterday?

4. They _______________(not study) when I went to their home.

5. ______it ________(rain) when you left home?

6. It ______________(not rain) at that moment, so I didn’t take an umbrella.

7. ______you ______(try) to study? Sorry, I didn’t know!

8. But teacher! I _____________(not copy) Liz! Believe me!

was doing

was having

were doing

weren’t studying

Was raining

wasn’t raining

Were trying

wasn’t copying

Past continuous


A past continuous tense is usually combined with a past simple tense, as in the example we used before:

“I was reading in the garden when it started to rain”

(description with past continuous: I was reading in the garden; interruption with past simple : when it started to rain)

In this combination of tenses(past simple y past continuous) we have two key words.

+ PAST SIMPLE + PAST CONTINUOUS



¿How many different ways can you think of to describe this situation using WHILE and WHEN?

Pay attention! We can say the same thing in 4 different ways:

I was having a shower the phone rang

Mientras me estaba duchando sonó el teléfono WHILE + past continuous // past simple

The phone rang I was having a shower

the phone rang I was having a shower

Cuando sonó el teléfono me estaba duchando WHEN + past simple // past continuous

I was having a shower the phone rang


1. We ____________(read) when someone __________(knock) on the door.

2. I __________(not open) the door because I __________(have) a shower.

3. When we _______(get) to the hotel, it _____________(rain).

4. When we ________ (get) to the hotel, we ___________(check) in.

5. What_______you________(do) when I __________(phone) you?

6. As I ____________(finish) my lunch, I _______(hear) on tv that there had been an accident in my factory.

7. The postman ____________(bring) your letter while I _____________(make) the beds.

were reading knocked

didn’t open was having

got was raining

got checked

were doing phoned

was finishing heard

broughtwas making

Past simple/Past continuous


When is it used?

To talk about things that happened before a past action. In Spanish it’s “había hecho”.It is usually used to make our stories more interesting with flashback effects.

Key words

BY THE TIME (By the time I got to the party, everybody HAD LEFT).The verbs REALISE, REMEMBER, FORGET (When I got home I realised I HADN’T taken my keys).


How do we build it?

If it’s a perfect tense, how many words will it have?

2How many forms can we find?

1: HAD + past participle(-ED for regular verbs and 3rd column for irregular verbs).

As we already have the verb HAVE in the positive form, what will the auxiliary verb be?

HADN’T para negativas y HAD para preguntas

PAST+ I had

workedYou had workedHe/she/it had workedWe/you/they had worked

- I hadn’t workedYou hadn’t workedHe/she/it hadn’t workedWe/you/they hadn’t worked

? Had I worked?Had you worked?Had he/she/it worked?Had we/you/they worked?


1. By the time we arrived at the concert it _____ already _______ (start).

2. When I got to school I remembered that my mum ___________ (not give) me the permission for the school trip.

3. ______ you_________(finish) the exam when the bell rang?

4. When I was in the supermarket I realised I ________(leave) my wallet at home.

5. By the time it stopped raining we ____________(arrive) in London.

6. When we got to the car park I forgot where I ___________(park) my car.

had started

hadn’t given

Had finished

had left

had arrived

had parked

Past Perfect


We have finished with the past tenses!

Would you be able to fill in this chart comparing them?

PAST SIMPLE PAST CONT PAST PERFECT

When is it used?

How do we build the positive form?What

auxiliary verb do they have?

An example: to work

+ I - I ? I

+ I- I? I

+ I- I? I

Key words

Actions that finished in the past

Description of a past situation.

Past of the past.

1 word-ED o 2nd column

2 wordsWas/were + ing

2 wordsHad + -ed/3 column

DIDDIDN’T

WAS/WEREWASN’T/WEREN’T

HADHADN’T

worked didn’t workDid work?

was working wasn’t working Was working?

had worked hadn’t workedHad worked?Yesterday, ago,

last, when…While, as By the time,

realise, remember, forget...


What about mixing all the tenses we have studied so far?

Hello. My name is Liz and I ______(live) in London. I normally ________ (study) in Tottenham High school, but at the moment I __________(study) an intensive Spanish course in Valladolid, Spain. I __________(start) the course two weeks ago and the first day I __________(not know) anybody. While I ___________(wait) for the teacher in my class, a girl ________ (come) and __________(start) talking to me. Her name _________(be) Pam. We __________(become) friends quickly and after that moment I __________(not feel) lonely any more! We normally ______(have) lessons in the morning and free time in the evening. Pam always _______(meet) me to go somewhere in the evening. Yesterday we ______(go) to a shopping centre because we _________ (want) to see a movie, but when we _____(get) there we discovered that we ___________(forget) wallets at home and we __________(not have) any money, so we _______(go) for a walk. Fortunately, something fantastic ___________(happen): while we ____________(walk), Pam _________ (find) a 50 euro note! Finally, we _______(see) the movie AND we also ___________(have) dinner… FOR FREE!

live study‘m studying

starteddidn’t know

was waiting camestarted is/was

becamedidn’t feel

havemeets

went wantedgot

had forgotten didn’t havewent

happened were walking foundsaw

had


Ok, ok, I know it’s exhausting…

We only have the present perfect left!Shall we try?



When is it used?

• For recent events, like the headlines of newspapers or the news on TV: “A tornado has destroyed a bridge in Uruguay”.

• For actions that started in the past and continue in the present (in Spanish“llevo estudiando inglés desde los 5 años” or “estudio inglés desde hace 15 años).

• For experiences of our lives without specifying when. When we specify the moment, we use the past simple tense: “I have been to London twice. The first time was in 2001”.

• For events that happened in the past but whose consequences are palpable in the present: “I have lost my keys” (I still don’t have new keys). “I have broken my leg” (I haven’t recovered yet).

• “The first/second/etc time” and superlatives.


• ALREADY: “ya” in affirmatives, between the auxiliary and the main verb.

“I have already finished” (ya he terminado)• JUST: “acabo de”, between the auxiliary and the main

verb.“I have just finished” (acabo de terminar)• YET: “ya” in questions and “todavía” in negatives.Placed at the end of the sentence.“I haven’t finished yet” (no he terminado todavía)“Have you finished yet?” (¿has terminado ya?)

• FOR: “durante”, “desde hace”, with periods of time. (“FOR” can go with other tenses, it’s not exclusive of the perfect aspect). “I have lived here for two years” (He vivido aquí durante/desde hace dos años).

• SINCE: “desde”, NOT “desde hace”, careful! It indicates the moment when an action started: since 20.00, since this morning, since I was born, since last summer…

• SO FAR: “de momento”. “I have been to Japan three times so far” (He estado en Japón tres veces de momento).

• EVER: “alguna vez”, in questions: “Have you ever been to Japan?” (¿Has estado alguna vez en Japón?)

Key words


How do we build it?

As it is a perfect tense, how many words will it have?

2

How many forms can we find?

2: HAVE / HAS + past participle (-ED for regular verbs y 3rd column for irregular verbs).

As we already have the verb TO HAVE in the positive form, what will the auxilary verb be?

HAVEN’T/HASN’T for negatives and HAVE/HAS for questions

PRESENT+ I have

workedYou have workedHe/she/it has workedWe/you/they have worked

- I haven’t workedYou haven’t workedHe/she/it hasn’t workedWe/you/they haven’ t worked

? Have I worked?Have you worked?Has he/she/it worked?Have we/you/they worked?


1. ______you ________(make) your bed yet?

2. Karen _______just_________(phone) to tell me she’s ill.

3. _______they ______(leave) yet?

4. My sister and her boyfriend _________(live) in that flat for four years.

5. ______you ever_________(eat) sushi?

6. I _______________(not drink) anything since I woke up, I’m thirsty!

7. He _________________(not see) his parents for a long time.

8. We _______already________(pack) our suitcases. We are ready!

Have made

Has phoned

Have left

have lived

Have eaten

haven’t drunk

Present Perfect


hasn’t seen

have packed

haven’t seenHave been

have been

have beendid go

went

Present Perfect / Past simple


have come

Did visit

A: Hi! I _____________(not see) you for a long time! Where _____you_____(be)?B: I ___________(be) in the USA, in my aunt’s home, improving my English level.A: The USA? That’s great! I _____never_______(be) to the USA! When ______you _____(go)?B: I _________(go) there two months ago and I ______ just _______ (come) back.A: ______you ________(visit) many beautiful things when you were there?B: Yes! I _______(see) the Grand Canyon, it ______(be) fantastic!A: ______you_________(take) pictures?B: Of course! But I _________________(download) them to the computer yet. However, I ____________(bring) a present for you! Here you have!A: Thanks! It’s a lovely T-shirt! Thanks a lot!

saw wasDid take

haven’t downloadedhave brought



This presentation has been created by Cristina Aranda Barandiain. All the images have been downloaded from Google Images. Here you have the sources:

http://www.learningenglish.es/?p=150

http://www.123rf.com/photo_13573409_no-finger-negation.htmlhttp://jimmyquesada.com/el-peor-enemigo-de-tu-negocio-eres-tu-mismo/man-with-question-05/

http://es.123rf.com/photo_6288949_sos-help-me.htmlhttp://www.thesamba.com/vw/forum/viewtopic.php?p=4595419

http://www.my101.com.au/

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