53
1 Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources Stewardship & Service, Curation & Preservation, Open Access, Geography & History! Peter Burnhill Director, EDINA National Data Centre, University of Edinburgh, Scotland UK September 2009

Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

Presented by Peter Burnhill, Director of EDINA, at the ISSN Directors Meeting, Beijing, 15 September 2009.

Citation preview

Page 1: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

1

Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources

Stewardship & Service, Curation & Preservation, Open Access,

Geography & History!

Peter Burnhill

Director, EDINA National Data Centre, University of Edinburgh, Scotland UK

September 2009

Page 2: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

2

Re-making History and Geography

As a visitor from a small island in the Far West of shared land mass

… whose organisation and client community now lives on the Internet!

I say 你好 "nihao”

Page 3: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

3

Overview for Talk 1. Introductions & Acknowledgements: a Business Card

• UK Context: University of Edinburgh, JISC, EDINA

2. Our Changing World: Online Services, Author/Reader, Digital Resources

• An abstract model

3. Re-thinking Our Role

1. How now to ensure that researchers, students & their teachers have continuity of access to the online scholarly resources they need

4. Examples of Projects & Services: ‘network-level’ activity

• PEPRS: piloting an e-journals preservation registry service

• How can we work together, at the ‘network-level’?• at the national or regional level

• at the trans-national, global level

Page 4: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

4

Overview for Talk *Happy to break for Questions after each part*

1. Introductions & Acknowledgements: a Business Card

• UK Context: University of Edinburgh, JISC, EDINA

2. Our Changing World: Online Services, Author/Reader, Digital Resources

• An abstract model

3. Re-thinking Our Role

1. How now to ensure that researchers, students & their teachers have continuity of access to the online scholarly resources they need

4. Examples of Projects & Services: ‘network-level’ activity

• PEPRS: piloting an e-journals preservation registry service

• How can we work together, at the ‘network-level’?• at the national or regional level

• at the trans-national, global level

Page 5: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

5

1. Introduction and Business Card: setting the scene

• Personal biography / background• ‘25 years of digital inexperience’

[email protected]

• University of Edinburgh www.ed.ac.uk

• ‘my employer’ and ‘the host institution for EDINA’

• JISC - Joint Information Systems Committee

www.jisc.ac.uk

• ‘UK context’, ‘the money’ and ‘the vision’

• EDINA www.edina.ac.uk

• ‘the organisation I lead’

Page 6: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

6

Personal Biography

• Degree in Economics– special subject was planned economies, including China & USSR

First went to work at Economic & Social Research Council in London as research administrator

Decided to change career

• Masters’ degree in Statistics (at London School of Economics)

Moved to the University of Edinburgh in 1979–My mother had been born in Scotland; I used to visit on school holidays

Page 7: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND, UK

*a history of global influence on ideas & invention*Scottish Enlightenment, 18th Century

*a society that has long wished to be ‘evidence based’*That we should know ourselves, and the reason for things

Page 8: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

Edinburgh

Page 9: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. Founded 1582

First ‘civic’ university, in UK, and perhaps in Europe

a research-led international university

Philosophy & EconomicsDavid Hume, Adam Smith,

Adam Ferguson

Natural SciencesCharles Darwin,

Joseph Black, James Clerk Maxwell

Law & MedicineJames Simpson

Page 10: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

University of Edinburgh is aiming to be World Class!

23rd [up from 30th in 2005] in ‘Times Higher’ 2008 World University Rankings:

1st Harvard (USA); 2nd= Cambridge & Oxford (UK), Yale (USA) . 6th Imperial College London; 7th University College London (UK). 22nd Kings College London; 23rd Edinburgh; 29th Manchester

USA has 58 in the top 200, EU has 82, including UK with 29

* Not the only Index/Ranking; Should anyone worry about such statistics?

The six criteria, weighted and added together, are peer review (40%), citations (20%), staff/student ratio (20%), employer review (10%), international staff (5%) and international students (5%).

Page 11: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

University of Edinburgh in 2007/8 (2003/4)

Total Students: 25,700 (23,000) full time: 21,500 (20,000)

part time: 4,200 ( 3,000)

Type of student % undergraduates 72 (75)

taught postgraduates 14 (11) research postgraduates 14 (14)

Student Origin % from Scotland 46 (46)

Other UK 32 (30)

EU 9 ( 8)

other international 15 (14)

2% from China

Total income (£m): 555 (353) HE Funding Councils 177 (125)

Research Grants/Contracts 143 (103)

Student Fees 82 ( 54)

[3,000 academic + 3,000+ other staff = £297m (£202m)]

Source of Research Income (£m): 143 (103)

%

Research Councils 41 (35)

Charities 24 (28)

UK Government, eg JISC 13 (22)

EU Bodies 14 ( 7)

Commerce 10 ( 6)

Note: in 2003/4, EDINA earnt £2.5m of the £4m the University gets from the JISC [update for 2007/08]

26,424 students in 2008/9?% from China

Strategy is to reduce dependence on Government and to internationalize.

Page 12: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. Founded 1582University of Edinburgh Alumni from China

Office in Beijing & Confucius Institute

in Edinburgh

Huang Kuan was first Chinese graduate:

Doctor of Medicine in 1857

Late Professor Yang Liming, leading nuclear physicist in China & world

Professor Zhong Nan-shan, who identified SARS virus,

received honorary degree in 2007

In 2001, Professor Huang Kun (who worked with Max Born,

Edinburgh Nobel prize-winne) received Supreme Scientific

and Technological Award from President Jiang Zemin for solid state physics

Professor Fan WenFei, graduate of Beijing University,

is now in Informatics

Page 13: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

13

So, I’m a data person

Employed by the University of Edinburgh, since 1979• First as survey statistician in research centre for educational sociology

& then senior lecturer in social science graduate schoolIn 1984 I changed career again to set up Edinburgh University Data Library

Then combining that with

Co-director, Regional Research Laboratory for Scotland, 1987/93

Director, EDINA national data centre, 1996 - present dayPast-President of IASSIST, 1996 - 2001

•international assoc. for data librarians and archivists www.iassistdata.org

Director, Digital Curation Centre, 2004 - 2006 (Phase 1)

www.dcc.ac• 25 years of digital inexperience

•as information methodologist and strategist• and I have had to learn to work with, and for:

• other researchers, librarians, software engineers,• data curators, teachers, etc

Page 14: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

14

wearing two formal hats

1. Director, EDINA National Data Centre* with a staff of 75+

– serving staff and students at all UK universities and colleges

2. Member of the directorate of the Information Services at University of Edinburgh– My boss: Vice-Principal for Knowledge Management & Librarian to

University– My colleagues: Directors of Libraries, of Computing and of AV/Learning

Technology, now in converged service divisions

•Also speaking here with you as a fellow professional–trying to make sense of what is going on, –planning for the future during ‘interesting times’

funded by the JISC, so I must say something about JISC!

Page 15: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

Joint Information Systems Committee

Standing committee of the UK funding councils for higher and further education (an agent of Government Agencies)

• Governing Board with Sub-Committees for specific areas with representatives from universities and other research bodies

Responsible for ‘top-slice’ recurrent funding + special capital grants: • To manage and fund projects within thematic programmes

• Outputs and lessons made available to HE and FE community. • To support 50 Services

• providing online resources, expertise, advice and guidance• 3 largest services are

• JANET(UK) - which oversees high speed networking • two national academic data centres, EDINA and Mimas

• Executive of 80 staff to support work of JISC Board and sub-committees

Page 16: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

Strategic Mission & Aims, 2007-2009

“to provide world-class leadership in the innovative

use of ICT, to support education and research”

• To deliver innovative and sustainable ICT infrastructure, services and practice that support institutions in meeting their missions.

• To promote the development, uptake and effective use of ICT – to support learning and teaching– to support research– to support the management of institutions

• To develop and implement a programme to support institutions’ engagement with the wider community.

• Continuing to improve JISC’s own working practices.

Page 17: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

UK funding councils for HE & FE

Content, Tools &

Infrastructure

JISC Sub-CommitteesJISC Collections

acting as platform for network-level services & helping to build the JISC Integrated Information Environment

research, learning & teaching in UK universities & colleges

UK Research Councils

National Data Centres

Page 18: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

20

EDINA, UK National Data Centre

Mission:

to enhance productivity of research, learning & teaching in higher & further education

delivering online services, 24/7 …

http://edina.ac.uk

Page 19: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China
Page 20: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

22

EDINA, UK National Data Centre

• EDINA designated as national data centre in 1995/96

– University had to compete for the role and status

– based on online experience of University’s Data Library, 1983/84 -

– There is a ‘sister’ national data centre, Mimas at University of Manchester

• Acknowledged high quality of online service, 24/7 (99% uptime)

– good reputation for helpdesk, user interfaces, FAQs etc

– geared to researchers and students and end-users

* with support of librarians and other academic support staff

• Acknowledged project competence for R&D

– we work with Researchers; we turn their work into Development

• Growth in online services, client base and usage, year-on-year

• Edinburgh Data INformation Access– ‘Edina’ is also the poetic name for Edinburgh

* Referred to by Robert Burns in ‘Address to Edinburgh’, 1793– A digitized copy of the manuscript is on our website!

Page 21: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

23

2. Our Changing World

• Time to re-examine old verities in our scholarly world– about 40 years after the invention of the Internet – and only 13 years since the arrival of the Web.

• How should we re-think our online services, as value-added network-level services?– as the relationship between Author and Reader is changing– as we must deal with all sorts of digital resources

• Time to play with an abstract model …

... a picture show

Page 22: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

A Simple Model of Scholarly Communication

Author

Reader

writes to be recognised by peer community &

for institutional ‘research assessment exercise’ purposes

… perhaps to be read

Key User (Reader) Verbs:

Discover article of interestLocate service on those articlesRequest permission to use serviceAccess to service/article

article is the ‘information object

of desire’

Page 23: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

We could generalise what follows to research data and other digital resources

Creator

Researcher

Generates (curates) data for own purpose, or as part of team

… wants/has to ‘put’ it somewhere for use by others

(perhaps to be recognised by a peer community)

Key User (Researcher) Verbs:

Discover data of interestLocate service on that data with documentation on provenance etc

Request permission to use serviceAccess to service/data

Evidential value of data in analysis as

object of desire’

Page 24: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

A Simple Model of Scholarly Communication

Author

Reader

writes to be recognised by peer community &

for institutional ‘research assessment exercise’ purposes

… perhaps to be read

Key User (Reader) Verbs:

Discover article of interestLocate service on those articlesRequest permission to use serviceAccess to service/article

article is the ‘information object

of desire’

Page 25: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

Author(article)

Reader(article)

Publisherarticle serial

issue

Library(serial)

Licence

Scholarly Communication(focus on article–length work published in journals)

Libraries and Publishers provide framework …

the traditional ‘middleware’/infrastructure’

... with Licence(s) for electronic (online) and print (on-shelf)

£

P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

Page 26: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

Publisherarticle serial

issue

Library(serial)

Licence

Scholarly Communication(focus on article–length work published in journals)

Libraries and Publishers provide framework …

the traditional ‘middleware’/infrastructure’

... with Licence(s) for electronic (online) and print (on-shelf)

£

P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

Page 27: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

Reader(article)

Publisherarticle serial

issue

Library(serial)

Licence

Institutional Provision for Online Access (Access to article–length work)

Institutional arrangement

Licensed Online Access

Forma£

Economy

ILL/docdel

Value-add £ services

Page 28: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

Author(article)

Reader(article)

Publisherarticle serial

issue

Library

Licence

Importance of Academic Peers

peer review

peer exchange

‘invisible college’

Forma£

Economy

learned

society

Page 29: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

Author(article)

Reader(article)

Publisherarticle serial

issue

Library(serial)

Licence

Peer-to-Peer Communication - beyond institutional walls

peer review

peer exchange

Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’

Forma£

Economy

learned

society

Page 30: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

Author(article)

Reader(article)

Publisherarticle serial

issue

Library(serial)

Licence

Online Service Provision

peer review

peer exchange

Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’

Institutional arrangement

Licensed Online Access

Forma£

Economy

ILL/docdel

‘Open Access’

InstitutionalRepositories

free to web access

E-prints££

learned

society

SubjectRepositories

Page 31: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

InstitutionalRepositories

free to web access

E-printsSubject

Repositories

Author(article)

Reader(article)

Publisherarticle serial

issue

Library(serial)

Licence

Challenge to Ensure Continuing Access

peer review

peer exchange

Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’

Institutional arrangement

Licensed Online Access

Forma£

Economy

ILL/docdel

Continuity of access

learned

society

Long term digital preservation

E-prints

Page 32: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

Author(article)

Reader(article)

Publisherarticle serial

issue

Library(serial)

Licence*

Forecasting change for the traditional model?

P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

Page 33: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

Author(article)

Reader(article)

Publisherarticle serial

issue

Library(serial)

Licence*

Forecasting change for the traditional model?

P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

* Open Access•Publisher premium (Gold)

•Author/funder pays•Author self-archiving (Green)

•Deposit mandate•Access (can be delayed) or request only

Page 34: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

Author(article)

Reader(article)

Publisherarticle serial

issue

Library(serial)

Licence*

Forecasting change for the traditional model?

P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

* All is Licensed, whether for:•Open Access•Privileged of Membership Access•Payment of Cash Access

Page 35: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

Author(article)

Reader(article)

Publisherarticle serial

issue

Library(serial)

Licence*

Forecasting change for the traditional model?

P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2005

* All is Licensed, whether for:•Open Access•Privileged of Membership Access•Payment of Cash Access

Page 36: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

Author(article)

Reader(article)

Publisherarticle serial

issue

Library(serial)

Licence

(2) Pressure of Peer-to-Peer

peer review

peer exchange

Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’

Institutional arrangement

Forma£

Economy

learned

society

free to web access

Page 37: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

Author(article)

Reader(article)

Publisherarticle serial

issue

Library(serial)

Licence

Increasing dominance of The Web

peer to peer exchange

Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’

Institutional arrangement

Forma£

Economyfree to web access

Role of Institutional

Repositories?

Web 2.0/3.0: Semantic web

mash-ups, Blogs. RSS feeds, Wikis

Page 38: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

Author(article)

Reader(article)

Publisherarticle serial

issue

Library(serial)

Licence

The Turbulent Present & User-generated Gifts

Open peer

review?

peer exchange

Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’

Institutional arrangement

Forma£

Economy

Role of learned society?

free to web access

Role of Institutional

Repositories?

Web 2.0/3.0: Semantic web

mash-ups, Blogs. RSS feeds, Wikis

Publisher engagement

Value-add £ services

Page 39: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

Peer (Creator)

Peer (User)

University

attention

Where will our (virtual) scholars want to be?

peer review

peer exchange

Informal: ‘invisible college’ and the ‘gift economy’

Institutional arrangement

Privilege of membership

Forma£

economy

Open Access

free2web access

Social networking

learned

society

P.Burnhill, EDINA/JISC, 2008

Journal

Commercial arrangement

Payment of money

Page 40: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

42

We have all come a long way in last 40 years

Before the 1970s, when the Internet was emerging:• less than 5% went to university in the UK

– 43% in 2007/08; Government target is 50%

• University libraries were a world of print & manuscripts

• ‘resource sharing’ meant– staff and students visiting libraries– resources were books, journal volumes & special collections

* with worry about ‘grey literature’

– Inter-Library Loan was the big thing!

• computers did existed, but …– mainly used for ‘computing’ (add/subtract/multiply)– ‘telecom networks’ were specialist & military – ‘text processing’ was a research area (or the domain of the spy!)

Page 41: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

43

3. Re-thinking Our Role: Emergence of Digital Library

• mix of the document tradition (signifying objects & their use) and the computation tradition (applying algorithmic, logical, mathematical, and mechanical techniques to information management)– “Both traditions are needed. Information Science is rooted in part in

humanities and qualitative social sciences. The landscape of Information Science is complex. An ecumenical view is needed.”* M.Buckland, Journal of American Society for Information Science, 50 p970-74 1999

• More than ‘just’ published scholarly record in journals and books– More than what has been digitized; need to include the ‘born digital’

• The digital library has words, numbers, pictures and sounds – Numeric data, online learning & teaching materials, digital pictures

and other audio-visual materials

– What do researchers do? And what do they want/need of a digital library - that they cannot do for themselves?

Page 42: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

44

Re-thinking stewardship for scholarly works

The central task is to ensure that researchers, students & their teachers have continuity of access to the online scholarly resources they need

• Digital preservation is crucial but need to keep focus on ‘continuity of access’

"I am in no way interested in immortality, but only in the taste of tea."Lu T'ung (born 755 A.D., reputedly lived 400 years)

Page 43: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

4. EDINA’s role at the network levelIn mid-90s, we had planned a future based on hosting key A&I

Databases, but market changed.Since 2002 we have been re-making our future with:

• Suncat, UK national union catalogue of serials

• National OpenURL Router, as registry of OpenURL resolvers in use

• Access control: Privilege of Membership (rather than Payment of Money)• Investigated Shibboleth for JISC and Developed pilot for UK Access Management

Federation for Education & Research

• Now funded as Technical (metadata) Operator & JISC Expert Group

• Digital preservation• CLOCKSS Access Host for orphaned content; Edinburgh University as Archive Node

• Technical support for UK LOCKSS Alliance cooperative

• Piloting an e-journals preservation registry, with ISSN-IC [will say more]

• User Generated Content & Open Access • The Depot, an Open Access deposit facility

• Jorum for learning and teaching materials

having already diversified with GeoSpatial and Multimedia, and supporting JISC with e-learning …

Page 44: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

46

Examples of ‘Network-level’ Projects & Services

For this talk:

PEPRS: piloting an e-journals preservation registry service

For some other talk:

a) The Depot and OA Repository Junction • open access deposit

b) Datashare • Data as ‘evidence’ • how to support researchers and their research data

c) Jorum • the UK national repository for online learning & teaching materials

• Spatial Data Infrastructure: Digimap and ShareGeo – Topographic mapping data, from national mapping agency– Marine & Geological mapping data

• Sounds and Pictures (moving & still) as digital resource• Enhancing the cultural record as data for research

• UK Access Management Federation / Shibboleth • Authentication & Authorisation

Page 45: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

47

blank

<insert slides on PEPRS>

Page 46: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

48

5. Framework for collaborative activity

• at the regional or national level – UK– China, USA, etc

• at the trans-national level– across EU

* Funding Programmes

– across nation states, eg ASEAN/AUNILO– Internationally

* CLOCKSS: (Controlled) Lots of Copies Keep Stuff Safe* PEPRS

Page 47: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

49

Re-thinking the reach of our stewardship • What is special about scholarship?

• What is so different about digital?

• What is so terrific about the tele-matics of the Internet?

• All that is digital & accessed from afar* Sharing across geography with wider world* Sharing across time with future scholarship

Example

• The CLOCKSS initiative www.clockss.org– World’s leading publishers agree to the routine ingest of their

digital journal content into global dark archive of 11 long-lived libraries acting as Archive Nodes

– Uses the LOCKSS (Lots Of Copies Keep Stuff Safe) technology that automatically checks across the Archive Nodes on the Internet to ensure bit-consistency and integrity

Page 48: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

In September 2006, I was invited to give the plenary at the 3rd Meeting of AUNILO, on ‘Resource Sharing’.

Very diverse in nearly everyway but shared geography, the leading ASEAN universities were planning an ASEAN Digital Library.

Sharing infrastructure even if they had to have separate subscriptions.

Page 49: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

A rare opportunity:

In April 2008, I was fortunate to visit Egypt, another long-lived civilization, to sail down the Nile …

… I awoke one morning at dawn

Page 50: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

Academy

Economy Technology

That what we are doing in the universities and research organisations has enduring and wide significance, then and now.

to reflect upon what I had learnt, about then and now.

Page 51: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

Knowledge

DataInformation

A lot of talk about knowledge management , and we do know somethings, but the challenge is still in

infomration management, and even more so in data management

And what do we needto support the academy, and so contribute to the economy, society and technology?

Wisdom

Page 52: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

54

It is September, when we mark the Equininox, when the day is as long as the night, all over the world …

It is 2009, when you mark the 60th Anniversary of the Peoples’ Republic

Many Congratulations, with offer of friendship and cooperation, to work for global scholarship across the Internet!

Re-making History and Geography

Page 53: Ensuring Continuing Access to Online Scholarly Resources - China

55

… I chose this.

Everyday is a school day, I intend to learn more, perhaps to become a student again!

In September 2009, I have the good fortune to visit China, another long-lived civilization, one that is also a society re-emerging onto the world stage.

I looked to find a single image, that signifies the potential that China has to re-make history and geography.

Looking to the future

Many popular icons, and I have started to read the Tang poets, but in the end …

And I await your questionsTHANK YOU