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It's a power point from the Council of Europe about the European Union
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The European Union: 500 million people – 28 countries
Member states of the European Union
Candidate and potential candidate countries
Founders
New ideas for lasting peace and prosperity…
Konrad Adenauer
Robert Schuman
W inston Churchill
Alcide De Gasperi
Jean Monnet
The EU symbols
The European flagThe European anthem
Europe Day, 9 MayThe motto: United in diversity
24 official languages
hravatskihravatski
hravatski
Enlargement: from six to 28 countries
1952 1973 1981 1986
1990 1995 2004 2007 2013
The big enlargement: healing the division of Europe
Fall of Berlin Wall – end of CommunismEU economic help begins: Phare programme
Criteria set for a country to join the EU:• democracy and rule of law• functioning market economy• ability to implement EU laws
Formal negotiations on enlargement begin
Copenhagen summit agrees enlargement
10 new EU members: Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia
4 1989
4 1992
4 1998
4 2002
4 2004
4 2007 Bulgaria and Romania join the EU
© R
eud
ers4 2013 Croatia joins on the 1st of J uly
Candidate and potential candidate countries
Area(1000 km² )
Population(million)
Wealth (gross domestic product
per person)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 51 3.8 7 300
Montenegro 13 0.6 10 500
Iceland 100 0.3 29 500
Kosovo under UN Security Resolution 1244
11 2.2 :
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
25 2.1 9 200
Albania 27 3.2 7 300
Serbia 77 7.3 8 400
Turkey 770 73.7 13 600
The 28 EU countries together
4 290 508 25 700
The treaties – basis for democratic cooperation built on law
1952The European Steel and Coal Community
1958The treaties of Rome:
The European Economic CommunityThe European Atomic Energy
Community(EURATOM)
1987The European Single
Act: the Single Market
1993Treaty of European Union
– Maastricht
1999Treaty of Amsterdam
2003Treaty of Nice
2009Treaty of Lisbon
The EU charter of fundamental rights
Binding for all the EU's activities
54 articles under 6 titles:
4 Dignity4 Freedoms4 Equality 4 Solidarity
4 Citizens' rights4 J ustice
A transparent Union at your service
The website of the European Union europa.euOne and a half million documents available to the public
Europe Direct contact centreAnswers your questions: 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11
Europe Direct Information Centres500 EU Info Points across the EU
European Union DocumentsAccess to internal documentsupon request
The European OmbudsmanDeals with complaints over EU administration
Emily O’Reilly, the EU ombudsman
EU population in the world
Population in millions, 2012
508
1343
127 143
314
EU China Japan Russia United States
1205
India
The area of the EU compared to the rest of the world
Surface area, 1 000 km²
EU China Japan Russia United States
16 889
9327 9159
4290
365
India
3287
How rich is the EU compared to the rest of the world?
EU China Japan Russia United States EU China Japan Russia United States
12 600
5 200 4 200
1300
10 800
25 200
5 800
26 300
12 000
37 100
Size of economy: 2011 gross domestic product in trillion of euros
Wealth per person: 2011 gross domestic productper person
India India
26001 200
How big are the EU countries?
Surface area in 1000 km²
Fra
nce
Sp
ain
Sw
eden
Germ
any
Pola
nd
Fin
lan
d
Italy
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Rom
an
ia
Gre
ece
Bulg
ari
a
Hu
ngary
Port
ug
al
Austr
ia
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Irela
nd
Lit
hu
ania
Latv
ia
Slo
vakia
Est
on
ia
Den
mark
Neth
erl
an
ds
Belg
ium
Slo
ven
ia
Cyp
rus
Luxem
bu
rg
Malt
a
54
4
50
6
41
0
35
7
31
3
30
5
29
5
24
4
23
0
13
1
11
1
93
92
83
77
68
63
62
49
43
43
34
30
20
9
3 0.3
Cro
ati
a5
6
How many people live in the EU?
Population in millions, 2012
508 million total8
1.8
65
.4
63
.0
60
.8
46
.2
38
.5
21
.4
16
.7
11
.3
10
.5
11
.0
10
.5
10
.0
9.5
8.4
7.3
5.6
5.4
5.4
4.6
3.0
2.0
2.0
1.3
0.9
0.5
0.4
Fra
nce
Spain
Sw
eden
Pola
nd
Fin
lan
d
Italy
Un
ited K
ingdom
Rom
an
ia
Gre
ece
Bu
lgari
a
Hu
ngary
Port
ugal
Au
str
ia
Czech
Repu
blic
Irela
nd
Lit
hu
an
ia
Latv
ia
Slo
vakia
Esto
nia
Den
mark
Neth
erl
an
ds
Belg
ium
Slo
ven
ia
Cypru
s
Lu
xem
bu
rg
Malt
a
Germ
an
y
Cro
ati
a4
.4
GDP per inhabitant: the spread of wealth
Lit
hu
an
ia
2012 GDP per inhabitant
Index where the average of the 28 EU-countries is 100
Lu
xem
bou
rg
Irela
nd
Neth
erl
an
ds
Au
str
ia
Den
mark
Belg
ium
Sw
ed
en
Fin
lan
d
Germ
an
y
Fra
nce
Italy
Sp
ain
EU
-28
Cyp
rus
Gre
ece
Slo
ven
ia
Malt
a
Port
ug
al
Esto
nia
Hu
ng
ary
Slo
vakia
Latv
ia
Pola
nd
Rom
an
ia
Bu
lgari
a
Un
ited
Kin
gd
om
Czech
Rep
ub
lic
Cro
ati
a
Europe 2020 – Europe's growth strategy
EU leaders agreed in 2010 the overall strategy to get out of the economic crisis by means of:
4 Smart growthBetter education, more research, greater use of communication technologies
4 Sustainable growthA resource - efficient, greener and more competitive economy
4 I nclusive growthMore and better jobs, investment in skills and training, modernisation of the labour market and welfare systems, spreading the benefits of growth to all parts of the EU
4 Good economic governanceBetter coordination of economic policy
The five targets for the EU in 2020
Agreed in the Europe 2020 strategy:
4 Employment 75% of 20-64 year-olds to be employed
4 Research and innovation
3% of the EU's GDP to be invested in research
4 Climate change/ energyGreenhouse gas emissions 20% lower than 199020% of energy from renewables
20% increase in energy efficiency
4 EducationSchool drop-out rates below 10%
40% of 30-34– year-olds completing third-level education
4 Poverty
20 million fewer people in, or at risk of, poverty and social exclusion
Europe's response to the economic crisis
2008: Worldwide financial crisis starts in the United States
Coordinated response from the EU's national governments, the European Central Bank and the European Commission:
4 Commitment to the euro and to financial stability
4 New crisis management tools and reforms of rules:European Stability Mechanism: fund to help extraordinary economic difficultiesEU-wide financial supervisory authorities, new laws for stability of banks
4 Better economic governance:European Semester: annual procedure to coordinate public budgetsEuro+ pact, "Fiscal compact treaty” : mutual commitments to sound public finances
2014 EU budget: € 142.6 billion = 1.06% of gross national income
How does the EU spend its money?
Global Europe: including development aid
6%
Other, administration6%
Smart and inclusive growth: jobs, competitiveness, regional development
45%
Security and citizenship, justice2%
Sustainable growth – natural resources:
agriculture, environment42%
Climate change – a global challenge
To stop global warming, EU leaders decided in 2007 to:
4 reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20% by 2020 (30% if other developed countries do likewise)
4 improve energy efficiency by 20% by 2020
4 raise the share of renewable energy to 20% by 2020 (wind, solar, hydro power, biomass)
Energy sources in a changing world
Fuel used in EU in 2010, as shareof total
Oil35%
Gas25%
Nuclear13%Coal
16% Renewables10%
39%
84%
62%
100%
53%
OilCoal Gas Nuclear(uranium)
Renewables All types of fuel
0%
Share of fuel imported from outside the EU in 2010
Research - investing in the knowledge society
Spending on research and development in 2010 (% of GDP)
2.0%
3.0%
1.5%
2.9%
3.4%
EU EU objective2020
China Japan United States
Solidarity in practice: the EU cohesion policy
2007-2013: €347 billion invested for infrastructure, business, environment and training of workers for less well-off regions or citizens
4 Regional fund
4 Social fund
4 Cohesion fund
Convergence objective: regions with GDP per capita under 75% of the EU average. 81.5% of the funds are spent on this objective.
Regional competitiveness and employment objective.
The euro – a single currency for Europeans
EU countries using the euroEU countries not using the euro
Can be used everywhere in the euro area
4Coins: one side with national symbols, one side common 4Notes: no national side
Beating inflation
European Economic and Monetary Union: stable prices
Average annual inflation in the 17 EU-countries that used the euro in 2013
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
The single market: freedom of choice
Four freedoms of movement:
4 goods
4 services
4 people
4 capital
© G
ett
y Im
age
s
The single market has led to:
Significant reductions in the price of many products and services, including airfares and phone calls
More choice for consumers
2.8 million new jobs
Free to move
“Schengen”:
4 No police or customs checks at borders between most EU countries
4 Controls strengthened at EU external borders
4 More cooperation between police from different EU countries
4 You can buy and bring back any goods for personal use when you travel between EU countries
© C
orb
is
Going abroad to learn
Every year, more than 400 000 young people study or pursue personal development in other European countries with support from EU programmes:
4 Comenius: school education
4 Erasmus: higher education
4 Leonardo da Vinci: vocational training
4 Grundtvig: adult education
4 Youth in Action: voluntary work and
non-formal education
© G
ett
y Im
age
s
Improving health and the environment
Pollution knows no borders – joint action needed
EU action has helped bring:
4 Cleaner bathing water
4 Much less acid rain 4 Lead-free petrol
4 Free and safe disposal of old electronic equipment4 Strict rules on food safety from farm to fork
4 More organic and quality farming 4 More effective health warnings on cigarettes
4 Registration and control of all chemicals (REACH)
© V
an
Pa
rys
Me
dia
An area of freedom, security and justice
4 Charter of Fundamental Rights
4 Joint fight against terrorism
4 Police and law-enforcers from different countries cooperate
4 Coordinated asylum and immigration policies
4 Civil law cooperation
© E
uro
pe
an
Un
ion
Po
lic
e M
issi
on
The EU: an exporter of peace and prosperity
4 World trade rules
4 Common foreign and security policy
4 Development assistance and humanitarian aid
EU runs the peacekeeping operations and the rebuilding of society in
war-torn countries like Bosnia-Herzegovina.
The EU – a major trading power
% of global exports, goods, 2012
Others55%
EU15%
United States11%
Japan5%
China14%
% of global exports, services, 2012
Others42%
EU25%
United States18%
Japan4%
China6%
India5%
The EU is the biggest provider of development aid in the world
Official development assistance per citizen, 2011
€ 110
€ 60
€ 70
EU Japan United States
The EU provides over half of all development aid
Three key players
The European Parliament- voice of the peopleMartin Schulz, President of of the European Parliament
The European Council and the Council- voice of the Member StatesHerman Van Rompuy, President of the European Council
The European Commission- promoting the common interestJosé Manuel Barroso, Presidentof the European Commission
European Parliament
The EU institutions
Court of Justice
Court of Auditors
Economic and Social Committee
Committee of the Regions
Council of Ministers(The Council) European Commission
European Investment Bank
European Central BankAgencies
European Council (summit)
How EU laws are made
Citizens, interest groups, experts: discuss, consult
Commission: makes formal proposal
Parliament and Council of Ministers: decide jointly
Commission and Court of Justice: monitor implementation
National or local authorities: implement
The European elections 2014
The European Parliament – voice of the people
4 Decides EU laws and budget together with Council of Ministers4 Democratic supervision of all the EU’s work
Number of members elected in each country (July 2013)
United Kingdom12
22
74
73
13
Italy
Ireland
22Hungary
Greece
99Germany
France
Finland
6Estonia
13Denmark
22Czech Republic
6Cyprus
12Croatia
19Austria
22Belgium
Total 766
72
20Sweden
54Spain
8Slovenia
13Slovakia
33Romania
22Portugal
51Poland
26Netherlands
6Malta
6Luxembourg
12Lithuania
9Latvia
Bulgaria 18
*
* This figure will be reduced to 751 at the 2014 elections.
The European political parties
Greens/European Free Alliance58
European Conservatives and Reformists 55
Alliance of Liberals andDemocrats for Europe
85European People’s Party (Christian Democrats)275
Non-attached members 28
Total : 766
Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
196
European UnitedLeft - Nordic Green Left
34
Europe of Freedom and Democracy35
Number of seats in the European Parliament per political group
(July 2013)
Council of Ministers – voice of the member states
4 One minister from each EU country
4 Presidency: rotates every six months
4 Decides EU laws and budget together
with Parliament
4 Manages the common foreign and
security policy
Council of Ministers – number of votes per country
352Total:
3Malta
4Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Luxembourg and Slovenia
7Croatia, Denmark, I reland, Lithuania, Slovakia and Finland
10Austria, Bulgaria and Sweden
12Belgium, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary and Portugal
13Netherlands
14Romania
27Spain and Poland
29Germany, France, I taly and the United Kingdom
“Qualified majority” needed for many decisions:260 votes and a majority of member states
From 2014: 55% of the Member States with 65% of the population
Summit at the European Council
Summit of heads of state and government of all EU countries
4 Held at least 4 times a year4 Sets the overall guidelines for EU policies
4 President: Herman Van Rompuy
A high representative for foreign affairs and security
Catherine Ashton
Double hat: chairs the Foreign Aff airs Council meetings + Vice-president of the European Commission
Manages the common foreign and security policy
Head of European External Action Service
The European Commission – promoting the common interest
28 independent members, one from each EU country
4 Proposes new legislation4 Executive organ 4 Guardian of the treaties4 Represents the EU on the international stage
The Court of J ustice – upholding the law
28 independent judges,one from each EU country
4 Rules on how to interpret EU law4 Ensures EU countries apply EU laws in the same way
The European Court of Auditors: getting value for your money
28 independent members
4 Checks that EU funds are used properly 4 Can audit any person or organisationdealing with EU funds
4 Ensures price stability
4 Controls money supply and decides interest rates
4 Works independently from governments
The European Central Bank:managing the euro
Mario DraghiPresident of the Central Bank
The European Economic and Social Committee:voice of civil society
353 members
4 Represents trade unions, employers, farmers, consumers etc
4 Advises on new EU laws and policies
4 Promotes the involvement of civil society in EU matters
The Committee of the Regions:voice of local government
353 members
4 Represents cities, regions
4 Advises on new EU laws and policies
4 Promotes the involvement of local government in EU matters
Civil servants working for the EU
4Permanent civil servants
4Selected by open competitions
4Come from all EU countries
4Salaries decided by law
4EU administration costs €15 per EU citizen per year
4EU staff will be reduced by 5% between 2013-17
Commission employs about 23 000 permanent civil servants and 11 000 temporary or contract workers
Other EU institutions: about 10 000 employed